Still in Russia and abroad, questions about implementation of the right to life and right to death are controversial, and as a consequence, the threat of killing the person by the use of euthanasia does not cease to be relevant. Russian criminal law provides criminal responsibility for the murder, which is a variety of ways, however, standards meeting the requirements of the safe existence of terminally ill people, including those not able to be fully aware of the incurability of the disease, is not provided. The legislator attempted criminal prohibitions of the use of euthanasia, however, in the current criminal law of the Russian Federation the data of rules. In this connection, many questions of law enforcement practice in the sphere of criminal-law protection of the safety of life and human health remain uncertain. The given circumstances testify to the fact that the study of issues of qualification of crimes against life and health becomes more fundamental. The article analyzes the problematic issues of demarcation of euthanasia from murder and suicide, and the author's article, providing for the criminal-legal prohibition of the use of euthanasia that will contribute to the improvement of law enforcement practice.
Рассмотрены вопросы правового статуса криптовалюты открытого типа (аналог биткоин) в российском уголовном праве. При отсутствии определенности в части гражданско-правовой легализации и системного нормативного закрепления понятия виртуальной валюты и порядка оборота подобных цифровых активов, а также при отсутствии запрета на такой оборот в рамках регулятивного законодательства, с учетом колоссального увеличения числа операций с криптовалютами и, как следствие, повышенных криминогенных рисков возникает объективная потребность в установлении содержания этого явления при выполнении задач по охране общественных отношений от совершения уголовных преступлений. До разрешения «регулятивных» правовых вопросов уголовное право вынуждено выполнять не свойственную ему функцию и находить существующие подходящие правовые инструменты в целях эффективной борьбы с совершаемыми преступлениями, а также противодействия их совершению. Авторы на основе анализа действующих норм, разъяснений Верховного суда Российской Федерации, научных трудов, зарубежного опыта предложили понимание криптовалюты как иного имущества — цифрового актива, бестелесного имущества — при квалификации преступлений.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)3-08 ; The article deals with the legal status of an open type cryptocurrency (bitcoin analogue) in the Russian criminal law. In the absence of certainty in the part of civil law legalization and of systematic normative consolidation of the concept of virtual currency and the order of circulation of such digital assets, and in the absence of a ban on such turnover in the framework of regulatory legislation, taking into account the enormous increase in operations with cryptocurrencies, and as a result of increased criminogenic risks, there is an objective need to establish the content of this phenomenon in the performance of tasks to protect the public relations from criminal offence. To consider these "regulatory" legal issues, criminal law is forced to perform a different function and to find the existing suitable legal tools to prevent and combat crimes. The authors on the basis of the analysis of the existing norms, explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, scientific works, foreign experience suggested understanding of cryptocurrency as a different property — a digital asset, disembodied property — in the qualification of crimes.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)3-08
the article is devoted to the topical problem of IKT Constitution legal development of legislation by formation and activity of e-government. The authors considers acceptance of the Law about e-government has become a progressive step in improving the legislation of the country. The article review the features of the new Law about e-government.
The article deals with the basic problems and measures for combating recidivism in Russia and in the Samara Region. The conclusion about the imperfection of modern legislation and the ineffectiveness of criminal punishment as important means of prevention of recidivism is made. ; В статье рассматриваются основные закономерности и меры противодействия рецидивной преступности в России и Самарской области. Делается вывод о несовершенстве современного законодательства и недостаточной эффективности уголовного наказания как основных средств предупреждения рецидивной преступности.
УДК 343The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of the legal nature and the system of other measures of criminallegal nature, specified in the Criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and the problems of application of these measures in the judicial practice. The author pays attention to the fact that these measures are quite common in the judicial practice, especially conditional sentence. The legislator establishes three of other measures of criminal-legal nature in section VI of the RF Criminal Code: compulsory measures of a medical nature, confiscation of property and judicial penalty. But the author of the article aims to prove that the system of other measures of criminal-legal nature is not exhausted by these three measures. The article substantiates the statement that the measures in question constitute independent institute of criminal law. The author analyzes in details the concept and the legal nature of other measures of criminal-legal nature, their difference from punishment. Since the other measures of criminal-legal character are varied and specific, the author considers that it is difficult to formulate a general definition of such measures. The author distinguishes three approaches in the theory of criminal law on the question about the system of measures under consideration: "wide", "narrow" and "balanced approach." The author adheres to the "balanced approach" and justifies the statement that the organization of other measures of criminal-legal nature can only be based on their legal nature. This leads to the conclusion that conditional sentence, postponement of punishment, postponement of punishment for drug addicts, compulsory measures of educational influence, compulsory measures of medical nature connected with the execution of the sentence should be referred to other measures ofcriminal law. The author substantiates the view that the legislator's decision about systematization of measures considered in Section VI of the RF Criminal Code is inconsistent and illogical. According to the author, the confiscation of property should be provided in the criminal legislation not as other measure of criminal law, but as an additional kind of punishment. Judicial fine should be excluded from the Criminal Code. Because of their specificity and diversity it is hardly expedient to allocate all the other measures of criminal-legal nature in one section of the RF Criminal Code. ; УДК 343Статья посвящена анализу понятия, юридической природы и системы иных мер уголовно-правового характера. Законодатель закрепляет три иные меры уголовно-правового характера в разделе VI УК РФ: принудительные меры медицинского характера, конфискация имущества и судебный штраф. Но автор в статье ставит цель доказать, что система иных мер уголовно-правового характера не исчерпывается этими тремя мерами. Автор обосновывает утверждение, что систематизировать рассматриваемые меры можно только опираясь на их юридическую природу. Это позволяет сделать вывод, что к иным мерам уголовно-правового характера следует относить условное осуждение, отсрочку отбывания наказания, отсрочку отбывания наказания больным наркоманией, принудительные меры воспитательного воздействия, принудительные меры медицинского характера, соединенные с исполнением наказания.
УДК 347.965The subject of the article is the criminal legal aid in China.The main goal of this work is to introduce the current state of legal aid in criminal cases in China to Russian scholars and legal professionals.Results. Criminal Legal Aid in China appeared relatively recently, and in the last years of its operation was marked by a number of achievements and some problems. Legal assistance in criminal cases is an integral part of the institute of legal aid in China and plays an invalu-able role in ensuring due process, maintaining the balance between prosecution and de-fense, as well as in guaranteeing human rights. This study contains a general description of the current state of criminal legal aid in China, highlights inherent problems of this institu-tion and describes prospects of its development. This work is based on the Criminal Proce-dure Code of the PRC in version of 2013 year, and provides analysis of the Russian and Chi-nese special literature, Chinese law and practice, as well as the official Chinese statistics. The scope of legal assistance in criminal cases is extremely narrow, the funding is not enough, and the quality leaves much to be desired. These and other shortcomings already have become obstacles to the development of the Chinese criminal procedure law. Despite of a number of changes to the legal regulation of the institute in the 2013 edition of the PRC Criminal Procedure Code, a number of issues remained unresolved.Conclusions. The existing difficulties can be overcame by expanding the scope of legal aid, increase in funding and introduction of public defenders. To increase funding in the budgets proposed to establish minimum public funding of legal aid, to attract non-governmental and international funding, to strengthen control and to ensure openness and transparency of spending. To improve the quality of legal aid PRC government should rise up compensations for lawyers, introduce the institution of public defender and create a mechanism for evaluating the quality of legal assistance. ; УДК 347.965Институт юридической помощи по уголовным делам в КНР появился относительно недавно. В последние годы его функционирование ознаменовалось как рядом достижений, так и некоторыми проблемами. Сфера применения юридической помощи по уголовным делам чрезвычайно узка, финансирование недостаточно, а качество оставляет желать лучшего – эти и другие недостатки уже превратились в препятствия на пути развития китайского уголовного судопроизводства. Несмотря на ряд изменений, внесенных в правовое регулирование данного института новой редакцией УПК КНР 2013 г., целый ряд проблем остался нерешенным. Представляется, что путем расширения сферы применения юридической помощи, увеличения финансирования и введения должностей государственных адвокатов существующие затруднения могут быть преодолены.
On the basis of the conducted research on the directions of the criminal and penal–executive policy with regard to minors, the author of the article draws the following conclusions. The processes of humanization of criminal and penal enforcement laws affect under–age criminals, adjusting the procedure for appointing and executing criminal punishment, including deprivation of liberty. Despite these trends in recent years, the problem of juvenile delinquency is a fairly massive social and legal phenomenon. Thus, the analysis of statistical data has shown that juvenile delinquency grows 7 times faster than the total number of the population of this age group changes, and in some regions, minors determine the crime situation as a whole. The reason for repeated crimes committed by former juvenile convicts is that returning part of this category of people to the society is predisposed to spreading and propagating criminal "prison" traditions and customs among their peers, as well as among younger people, which contributes to the support and growth of criminogenic the potential of society. One of the directions of the criminal and penitentiary policy of Russia is the penitentiary and post-penitentiary resocialization of persons serving sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty, in particular minors. Thus, the process of training juveniles sentenced to release and creating conditions for their full integration into society is the most important task not only of educational colonies, but also of government bodies and civil society institutions. The absence of a federal law on the social adaptation of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty creates difficulties for minors in the process of resocialization. Adoption of this law is an important component and the main content of the law should be the establishment of strict control over the behavior of these individuals, and mainly the guarantee of state aid to them in the process of returning to normal life in society.
Рассматриваются теоретические вопросы формирования концепции реформирования уголовного закона на современном этапе развития Российской Федерации. В основу разработки концептуальной модели изменения уголовного законодательства положена идея формирования общей системы принципов уголовно-правовой охраны экономической деятельности. Цель работы заключается в обосновании необходимости реформирования уголовного закона на основе достоверной и обоснованной теоретической конструкции, основанной специальным отраслевым законодательством, в том числе на особенностях регулирования охраняемых уголовным правом отношений. Принципы права, являясь базовым понятием в правовой науке, могут быть восприняты законодателем в качестве фундаментальной основы модернизации отдельной правовой отрасли. В работе использованы общенаучные и частные методы исследования, проведен анализ нормативного закрепления термина «правовые принципы» в действующем российском законодательстве. Изучены также основные теоретические подходы к определению термина «принципы права», проведено разграничение со смежным правовыми понятием «правовые принципы», выделены основные признаки системы принципов уголовно-правовой охраны экономической деятельности, предложено авторское определение термина.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)3-11 ; The article considers theoretical problems of formation of the concept of criminal law reforming at the present stage of development of the Russian Federation. The conceptual model of changing criminal legislation is based on the idea of forming of a general system of principles of criminal legal protection of economic activity. The aim of the work is to justify the need to reform the criminal law on the basis of a reliable and well-grounded theoretical structure founded by the specific branch legislation on the features of the regulation of the relations protected by criminal law. The principles of law, being a basic concept in legal science, can be perceived by the legislator as the fundamental basis for the modernization of a separate legal branch. The general scientific and private methods have been used in the work, an analysis has been made of the normative fixing of the term "legal principles" in the current Russian legislation. Also, the main theoretical approaches to the definition of the term "principles of law" were studied, the distinction was made with the adjacent legal concept "legal principles", the main features of the system of principles of criminal legal protection of economic activity, the proposed author's definition of the term were singled out.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)3-11
The present study legal analysis of the legal aspects of violations of labor rights of men and citizen in mod-ern Russian criminal law, which is currently, despite the urgency of the problem, little studied area, both from the point of view of the theory and from the practical point of view.
The present study legal analysis of the legal aspects of violations of political rights and freedoms of men and citizen in the modern Russian criminal law, which is currently, despite the urgency of the problem, little studied in the direction from the point of view of the theory and from the practical point of view.
Civil law States that the legal capacity of individuals is defined as the ability of the individual to have rights and obligations. This legal category arises from birth and ceases with death, it characterizes a person as a living being and does not depend on age and health. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that it can be limited by a court decision, in particular in criminal proceedings it can be expressed in deprivation of the right to engage in certain activities, to occupy certain positions. The article reveals the content of legal capacity in private international law, the basic powers included in the legal capacity, in particular, the right to a name, its use and protection, analyzes the foreign legislation concerning the procedure of recognition as missing and the Declaration of a person as dead. The article deals with the conflict issues arising in the foreign and Russian legislation in the regulation of relations included in the content of legal capacity, the study of international legislation characterizing the legal status of the person.
The essence of concepts of the legal law and the rule of law is analyzed in the article. An increased attention is given to the legal regulation of law enforcement, law application activities, the qualitative transformation of the political and state-legal system, the formation of civil society and the supremacy of law, the growth of the value of law and the strengthening of law.One of the objective trends in the development of the legislation of modern Russia is to increase the social significance and authority of the legal law as an act at the top of the legal system on which the level of the rule of law of any civilized society depends. ; В статье проанализирована сущность понятий правового закона и правовой законности. Усиленное внимание отводится правовому регулированию правоохранительной, правоприменительной деятельности, качественному преобразованию политической и государственно-правовой системы, становлению гражданского общества и правового государства, роста ценности права и укрепления законности.Одной из объективных тенденций развития законодательства современной России является повышение социальной значимости и авторитета правового закона как акта, стоящего на вершине правовой системы, от которого зависит и уровень правовой законности любого цивилизованного общества.
Современная уголовная политика характеризуется отсутствием внятной оперативно-разыскной концепции «контролируемого преступления», причем в научном осмыслении нуждается не только оперативно-разыскная процедура, но и корреспондирующие оперативно-разыскному закону уголовно-правовые нормы. Авторы анализируют ситуации, когда, с одной стороны, под контролем правоохранительных органов совершаются тяжкие и особо тяжкие преступления, что может быть признано существенным нарушением интересов общества, с другой — оперативно-разыскное наблюдение за совершаемыми преступлениями осуществляется в целях их документирования и последующего процессуального обеспечения привлечения виновных к уголовной ответственности. Исследуется проблема обеспечения баланса между интересами оперативно-разыскного документирования, осуществляемого в целях процессуального доказывания, и подконтрольным, но все-таки допущенным государством преступлением. Анализируется опыт других стран по уголовно-правовому обеспечению оперативно-разыскной деятельности. Делается вывод, что контролируемое преступление — это объективное правовое явление, присутствующее в практике борьбы с преступностью. Поэтому в целях обеспечения законности деятельности российских правоохранительных органов необходимо вносить соответствующие изменения в уголовное, уголовно-процессуальное и оперативно-разыскное законодательство.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)3-30 ; Modern criminal policy is characterized by the absence of distinct operational-search concept of "controlled crime", and in scientific understanding needs not only operational-search procedure, but also criminal law standards corresponding to the operational-search law. The authors of the article analyze the situations when, on the one hand, serious and especially serious crimes are committed under the control of law enforcement agencies, which can be recognized as a significant violation of the interests of society, on the other — operational and investigative monitoring of the committed crimes is carried out in order to document them and ensure subsequent procedural prosecution of the perpetrators. The problem of ensuring a balance between the interests of operational search documentation carried out for the purpose of procedural proof and the crime controlled by the state is investigated. The article analyzes the experience of other countries in criminal law support of operational and investigative activities. It is concluded that the controlled crime is an objective legal phenomenon presented in the practice of combating crime. Therefore, in order to ensure the legality of the activities of Russian law enforcement agencies, it is necessary to make appropriate changes to the criminal, criminal procedure and operational investigative legislation.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)3-30
In this article, the author analyzes the issues of bringing criminal norms in accordance with the international treaties of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
