Suchergebnisse

The purpose of the research was to consider the essence of the principles of criminal, administrative law and the peculiarities of their application in conditions of war, considering the case of Ukraine invaded by the Russian Federation. It has been substantiated that the main idea of the existence of the principles of administrative criminal law consists in their systematic, balanced and comprehensive implementation in relation to the subjects of criminal and administrative legal relations. The mentioned principles are used as a support for the elaboration and application of the law, both in peacetime and in wartime. The methodological basis of the research was presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, method of interpretation, hermeneutic method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. A conclusion has been reached on the necessity of observing human rights norms in the criminal prosecution of persons who have committed crimes against humanity and have been involved in such crimes. Consequently, the civilized world must comply with international standards and ensure security through legal and legitimate means.

Immigration Criminal Law should be more appropriately called "Criminal Law of the Irregular Immigrant", since it shows to essentially be based on the criminalization of mere subjective "status", rather than offensive managements of legal goods. Indeed, behind the protective shelter of an apparent balance between the need to legally protect human rights and the interest in controlling the migratory flow, the system of incriminations in this sector seems to be deeply imbalanced towards the punishment of types of perpetrators who are socially dangerous. It is namely a matter of model of criminal law very similar to the well known standard of " Criminal Law of the Enemy". The inspiring "ratio" of the discipline hasn't even changed following its adjustment due to the obligation forced by the 2008/115/CE European legislation, decided with Law n.129 of August 2nd 2011. As a matter of fact this didn't determine a total improvement of the system in a form of compliance to the fundamental principles of legal law, but on the contrary it expanded the ancillary function of criminal law towards the legal action of repatriation, without, on the other hand, removing the irrational aspects of the repressive decisions made by the Italian legislator.

The article deals with the basic problems and measures for combating recidivism in Russia and in the Samara Region. The conclusion about the imperfection of modern legislation and the ineffectiveness of criminal punishment as important means of prevention of recidivism is made. ; В статье рассматриваются основные закономерности и меры противодействия рецидивной преступности в России и Самарской области. Делается вывод о несовершенстве современного законодательства и недостаточной эффективности уголовного наказания как основных средств предупреждения рецидивной преступности.

УДК 343The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of the legal nature and the system of other measures of criminallegal nature, specified in the Criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and the problems of application of these measures in the judicial practice. The author pays attention to the fact that these measures are quite common in the judicial practice, especially conditional sentence. The legislator establishes three of other measures of criminal-legal nature in section VI of the RF Criminal Code: compulsory measures of a medical nature, confiscation of property and judicial penalty. But the author of the article aims to prove that the system of other measures of criminal-legal nature is not exhausted by these three measures. The article substantiates the statement that the measures in question constitute independent institute of criminal law. The author analyzes in details the concept and the legal nature of other measures of criminal-legal nature, their difference from punishment. Since the other measures of criminal-legal character are varied and specific, the author considers that it is difficult to formulate a general definition of such measures. The author distinguishes three approaches in the theory of criminal law on the question about the system of measures under consideration: "wide", "narrow" and "balanced approach." The author adheres to the "balanced approach" and justifies the statement that the organization of other measures of criminal-legal nature can only be based on their legal nature. This leads to the conclusion that conditional sentence, postponement of punishment, postponement of punishment for drug addicts, compulsory measures of educational influence, compulsory measures of medical nature connected with the execution of the sentence should be referred to other measures ofcriminal law. The author substantiates the view that the legislator's decision about systematization of measures considered in Section VI of the RF Criminal Code is inconsistent and illogical. According to the author, the confiscation of property should be provided in the criminal legislation not as other measure of criminal law, but as an additional kind of punishment. Judicial fine should be excluded from the Criminal Code. Because of their specificity and diversity it is hardly expedient to allocate all the other measures of criminal-legal nature in one section of the RF Criminal Code. ; УДК 343Статья посвящена анализу понятия, юридической природы и системы иных мер уголовно-правового характера. Законодатель закрепляет три иные меры уголовно-правового характера в разделе VI УК РФ: принудительные меры медицинского характера, конфискация имущества и судебный штраф. Но автор в статье ставит цель доказать, что система иных мер уголовно-правового характера не исчерпывается этими тремя мерами. Автор обосновывает утверждение, что систематизировать рассматриваемые меры можно только опираясь на их юридическую природу. Это позволяет сделать вывод, что к иным мерам уголовно-правового характера следует относить условное осуждение, отсрочку отбывания наказания, отсрочку отбывания наказания больным наркоманией, принудительные меры воспитательного воздействия, принудительные меры медицинского характера, соединенные с исполнением наказания.

The growth of the so-called punitive populism and symbolic criminal law in Colombian legislation, the lack of effectiveness in drawing up the State's criminal policy and the sterility of the results in the reduction of crime are analyzed, with the correlative hardening of penalties and their instrumentalization. The aim is to determine whether there is legal certainty with symbolic criminal law and punitive populism, and whether they respond to the functions of punishment. The method used is descriptive, bibliographic in scope and uses secondary sources of information, selected from reliable databases. After compiling all the information, it is concluded that the implementation of these two concepts does not guarantee a reduction in the crime rate, due to the fact that they are based on legislative irresponsibility, which do not serve to prevent and control crime, but do generate a feeling of tranquility and illusion in the community, and do not respond to the functions of the penalty outlined in the Colombian legal system. ; Se analiza el crecimiento del llamado populismo punitivo y derecho penal simbólico en la legislación colombiana, la falta de eficacia a la hora de trazar la política criminal por parte del Estado y la esterilidad de los resultados en la disminución de la criminalidad, con el correlativo endurecimiento de las penas e instrumentalización de las mismas. Se busca determinar si existe seguridad jurídica con el derecho penal simbólico y el populismo punitivo; así como si los mismos responden a las funciones de la pena. El método utilizado es de alcance descriptivo, bibliográfico y se utilizan fuentes de información secundarias, seleccionadas de bases de datos confiables. Una vez recopilada toda la información se concluye que, con la implementación de estos dos conceptos no se garantiza la baja en el índice de criminalidad, debido a que se parte de una irresponsabilidad legislativa, las cuales no sirven para prevenir y controlar la criminalidad, pero si generan un sentimiento de tranquilidad e ilusión en la colectividad, no respondiendo los mismos a las funciones de la pena trazadas en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano.

The paper reviews the development of the international legal framework for counter-trafficking in children as a form of human trafficking. It is stressed that the most important international acts to combat trafficking in children have been created under the auspices of the UN and regional international organizations. The authors note the need for an integrated approach to solving problems, in particular, through adopting national programs. The authors examine the influence of international legal acts on Russian criminal legislation and the need for its improvement.

УДК 347.965The subject of the article is the criminal legal aid in China.The main goal of this work is to introduce the current state of legal aid in criminal cases in China to Russian scholars and legal professionals.Results. Criminal Legal Aid in China appeared relatively recently, and in the last years of its operation was marked by a number of achievements and some problems. Legal assistance in criminal cases is an integral part of the institute of legal aid in China and plays an invalu-able role in ensuring due process, maintaining the balance between prosecution and de-fense, as well as in guaranteeing human rights. This study contains a general description of the current state of criminal legal aid in China, highlights inherent problems of this institu-tion and describes prospects of its development. This work is based on the Criminal Proce-dure Code of the PRC in version of 2013 year, and provides analysis of the Russian and Chi-nese special literature, Chinese law and practice, as well as the official Chinese statistics. The scope of legal assistance in criminal cases is extremely narrow, the funding is not enough, and the quality leaves much to be desired. These and other shortcomings already have become obstacles to the development of the Chinese criminal procedure law. Despite of a number of changes to the legal regulation of the institute in the 2013 edition of the PRC Criminal Procedure Code, a number of issues remained unresolved.Conclusions. The existing difficulties can be overcame by expanding the scope of legal aid, increase in funding and introduction of public defenders. To increase funding in the budgets proposed to establish minimum public funding of legal aid, to attract non-governmental and international funding, to strengthen control and to ensure openness and transparency of spending. To improve the quality of legal aid PRC government should rise up compensations for lawyers, introduce the institution of public defender and create a mechanism for evaluating the quality of legal assistance. ; УДК 347.965Институт юридической помощи по уголовным делам в КНР появился относительно недавно. В последние годы его функционирование ознаменовалось как рядом достижений, так и некоторыми проблемами. Сфера применения юридической помощи по уголовным делам чрезвычайно узка, финансирование недостаточно, а качество оставляет желать лучшего – эти и другие недостатки уже превратились в препятствия на пути развития китайского уголовного судопроизводства. Несмотря на ряд изменений, внесенных в правовое регулирование данного института новой редакцией УПК КНР 2013 г., целый ряд проблем остался нерешенным. Представляется, что путем расширения сферы применения юридической помощи, увеличения финансирования и введения должностей государственных адвокатов существующие затруднения могут быть преодолены.

Due to the development of the information society, countries face the task of effectively regulating the relevant social relations. The mechanisms of such regulation should correspond to the specifics of such relations. Digitization is one of the modern methods of legal regulation, which is the use of information technology at the state level. The existing scientific achievements on digitalization processes need constant improvement, which corresponds to the specifics of this field. The object of research is digitalization in law in the light of international experience. The article aims to study and analyze digitalization in law in the international legal aspect. The following methods were used during the study: systemic, systemic-functional, comparative, sociological, analysis, synthesis, analogy, observation, classification, and statistical analysis. The article analyzes the phenomenon of digitalization, identifies the main approaches to understanding it. On the example of international experience (such countries as France, Germany, Italy, Georgia, Greece, and Great Britain), the mechanisms of using digitalization in public administration are determined, the legal regulation of informatization is analyzed. Also, based on the study and analysis of doctrinal teachings of international information experience, it is proposed to improve the domestic legal mechanism to ensure the effective functioning of public relations.

This article discusses the principle of incapacity as the political criminal basis for the criminal liability in the juvenile criminal law, and explores the reasons that bestow it a character of fiction. The models of juvenile law, as well as the function of the (in) "capacity" concept within these regulations, are reviewed. It also examines the observed contradiction between the conceptions of capacity and discernment; on these grounds it is proposed an interpretation of the legal concept of incapacity using a (Bentham) fictional key. Finally, the document provides a contribution to the debate about the restructuring of the juvenile law, which has been taking place in Argentina since 1989. ; Este artículo aborda la premisa de la incapacidad como fundamento político criminal de la inimputabilidad en el derecho penal de menores, al tiempo que explora los motivos que le confieren a ésta un carácter de ficción. Para lograr tal objetivo, se revisan los modelos de legislación de menores, así como el papel que juega el concepto de (in)capacidad dentro de estas regulaciones, y se indaga la contradicción existente entre la capacidad y el discernimiento. Sobre la base de lo anterior, se propone una interpretación del dispositivo jurídico de incapacidad en clave ficcional (Bentham) para, finalmente, presentar un aporte al debate que viene dándose en la República Argentina desde 1989 en relación con la reforma de la legislación de menores

This article deals with the figure of forfeiture of assets related to crime. The point of reference is Peruvian criminal legislation. Although the analysis focuses on the substantive norms, some procedural considerations are also made.

The article analyses legislation and scientific work on combating cybercrime based on the use of a set of general and special methods, methodological principles and approaches of legal science. It is concluded that with the introduction of the term "cybercrime" in the criminal law of Ukraine, the use of the term "cybercrime" becomes relevant, which should be understood as a socially dangerous crime in cyberspace, a responsibility that is provided for by the Ukrainian law on criminal responsibility and that is also recognized as a criminal offense by international treaties that regulate the matter. Emphasis is placed on the desirability of making appropriate terminological changes in the Law of Ukraine "On the Basic Principles of Cyber Security" and other regulations, as well as taking other systemic measures at the conceptual and organizational level, to identify the main cybersecurity threats and formulate measures to prevent and investigate them, determine a single body for the operational management of all entities whose task is to ensure the cybersecurity, create a system of technological means of the national cybersecurity system and establish closer international cooperation.

La referencia que el encabezamiento del trabajo hace a la doctrina nos conduce primeramente a examinar qué significa ésta y cómo deben entenderse sus fundamentos para una categoría jurídica nueva en el medio como el Derecho Social. El significado del término doctrina en el Derecho como en el resto de las ciencias sociales es, sucintamente, el de formulación y desarrollo de enunciados teóricos en relación a una determinada realidad y en orden a su explicación, mantenimiento o modificación. La actividad doctrinaria supone, por tanto, 1) partir de unos ciertos supuestos epistemológicos; 2) poner en juego un determinado sistema de valoraciones (correspondientes a una base explícita o implícita de principios); 3) observar rigor y coherencia en el método y en el discurso; y 4) tener vocación de arribar a conclusiones formulativas. Específicamente en referencia a la doctrina en el Derecho, se dice que "la actividad teórica es necesaria para la confección de leyes; prepara la labor legislativa, ofreciendo el esquema de la organización jurídica, de modo que el legislador pueda conocer la situación presente y prever, en lo posible, la eficacia futura de una norma; señala los límites y la orientación aconsejable a las leyes, conforme a las exigencias de la justicia y de la realidad política y social; muestra, por último, el modo para que las disposiciones legales consigan exactamente sus fines".

On the basis of the conducted research on the directions of the criminal and penal–executive policy with regard to minors, the author of the article draws the following conclusions. The processes of humanization of criminal and penal enforcement laws affect under–age criminals, adjusting the procedure for appointing and executing criminal punishment, including deprivation of liberty. Despite these trends in recent years, the problem of juvenile delinquency is a fairly massive social and legal phenomenon. Thus, the analysis of statistical data has shown that juvenile delinquency grows 7 times faster than the total number of the population of this age group changes, and in some regions, minors determine the crime situation as a whole. The reason for repeated crimes committed by former juvenile convicts is that returning part of this category of people to the society is predisposed to spreading and propagating criminal "prison" traditions and customs among their peers, as well as among younger people, which contributes to the support and growth of criminogenic the potential of society. One of the directions of the criminal and penitentiary policy of Russia is the penitentiary and post-penitentiary resocialization of persons serving sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty, in particular minors. Thus, the process of training juveniles sentenced to release and creating conditions for their full integration into society is the most important task not only of educational colonies, but also of government bodies and civil society institutions. The absence of a federal law on the social adaptation of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty creates difficulties for minors in the process of resocialization. Adoption of this law is an important component and the main content of the law should be the establishment of strict control over the behavior of these individuals, and mainly the guarantee of state aid to them in the process of returning to normal life in society.

Рассматриваются теоретические вопросы формирования концепции реформирования уголовного закона на современном этапе развития Российской Федерации. В основу разработки концептуальной модели изменения уголовного законодательства положена идея формирования общей системы принципов уголовно-правовой охраны экономической деятельности. Цель работы заключается в обосновании необходимости реформирования уголовного закона на основе достоверной и обоснованной теоретической конструкции, основанной специальным отраслевым законодательством, в том числе на особенностях регулирования охраняемых уголовным правом отношений. Принципы права, являясь базовым понятием в правовой науке, могут быть восприняты законодателем в качестве фундаментальной основы модернизации отдельной правовой отрасли. В работе использованы общенаучные и частные методы исследования, проведен анализ нормативного закрепления термина «правовые принципы» в действующем российском законодательстве. Изучены также основные теоретические подходы к определению термина «принципы права», проведено разграничение со смежным правовыми понятием «правовые принципы», выделены основные признаки системы принципов уголовно-правовой охраны экономической деятельности, предложено авторское определение термина.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)3-11 ; The article considers theoretical problems of formation of the concept of criminal law reforming at the present stage of development of the Russian Federation. The conceptual model of changing criminal legislation is based on the idea of forming of a general system of principles of criminal legal protection of economic activity. The aim of the work is to justify the need to reform the criminal law on the basis of a reliable and well-grounded theoretical structure founded by the specific branch legislation on the features of the regulation of the relations protected by criminal law. The principles of law, being a basic concept in legal science, can be perceived by the legislator as the fundamental basis for the modernization of a separate legal branch. The general scientific and private methods have been used in the work, an analysis has been made of the normative fixing of the term "legal principles" in the current Russian legislation. Also, the main theoretical approaches to the definition of the term "principles of law" were studied, the distinction was made with the adjacent legal concept "legal principles", the main features of the system of principles of criminal legal protection of economic activity, the proposed author's definition of the term were singled out.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)3-11

La referencia que el encabezamiento del trabajo hace a la doctrina nos conduce primeramente a examinar qué significa ésta y cómo deben entenderse sus fundamentos para una categoría jurídica nueva en el medio como el Derecho Social. El significado del término doctrina en el Derecho como en el resto de las ciencias sociales es, sucintamente, el de formulación y desarrollo de enunciados teóricos en relación a una determinada realidad y en orden a su explicación, mantenimiento o modificación. La actividad doctrinaria supone, por tanto, 1) partir de unos ciertos supuestos epistemológicos; 2) poner en juego un determinado sistema de valoraciones (correspondientes a una base explícita o implícita de principios); 3) observar rigor y coherencia en el método y en el discurso; y 4) tener vocación de arribar a conclusiones formulativas. Específicamente en referencia a la doctrina en el Derecho, se dice que "la actividad teórica es necesaria para la confección de leyes; prepara la labor legislativa, ofreciendo el esquema de la organización jurídica, de modo que el legislador pueda conocer la situación presente y prever, en lo posible, la eficacia futura de una norma; señala los límites y la orientación aconsejable a las leyes, conforme a las exigencias de la justicia y de la realidad política y social; muestra, por último, el modo para que las disposiciones legales consigan exactamente sus fines".