Suchergebnisse

La referencia que el encabezamiento del trabajo hace a la doctrina nos conduce primeramente a examinar qué significa ésta y cómo deben entenderse sus fundamentos para una categoría jurídica nueva en el medio como el Derecho Social. El significado del término doctrina en el Derecho como en el resto de las ciencias sociales es, sucintamente, el de formulación y desarrollo de enunciados teóricos en relación a una determinada realidad y en orden a su explicación, mantenimiento o modificación. La actividad doctrinaria supone, por tanto, 1) partir de unos ciertos supuestos epistemológicos; 2) poner en juego un determinado sistema de valoraciones (correspondientes a una base explícita o implícita de principios); 3) observar rigor y coherencia en el método y en el discurso; y 4) tener vocación de arribar a conclusiones formulativas. Específicamente en referencia a la doctrina en el Derecho, se dice que "la actividad teórica es necesaria para la confección de leyes; prepara la labor legislativa, ofreciendo el esquema de la organización jurídica, de modo que el legislador pueda conocer la situación presente y prever, en lo posible, la eficacia futura de una norma; señala los límites y la orientación aconsejable a las leyes, conforme a las exigencias de la justicia y de la realidad política y social; muestra, por último, el modo para que las disposiciones legales consigan exactamente sus fines".

La referencia que el encabezamiento del trabajo hace a la doctrina nos conduce primeramente a examinar qué significa ésta y cómo deben entenderse sus fundamentos para una categoría jurídica nueva en el medio como el Derecho Social. El significado del término doctrina en el Derecho como en el resto de las ciencias sociales es, sucintamente, el de formulación y desarrollo de enunciados teóricos en relación a una determinada realidad y en orden a su explicación, mantenimiento o modificación. La actividad doctrinaria supone, por tanto, 1) partir de unos ciertos supuestos epistemológicos; 2) poner en juego un determinado sistema de valoraciones (correspondientes a una base explícita o implícita de principios); 3) observar rigor y coherencia en el método y en el discurso; y 4) tener vocación de arribar a conclusiones formulativas. Específicamente en referencia a la doctrina en el Derecho, se dice que "la actividad teórica es necesaria para la confección de leyes; prepara la labor legislativa, ofreciendo el esquema de la organización jurídica, de modo que el legislador pueda conocer la situación presente y prever, en lo posible, la eficacia futura de una norma; señala los límites y la orientación aconsejable a las leyes, conforme a las exigencias de la justicia y de la realidad política y social; muestra, por último, el modo para que las disposiciones legales consigan exactamente sus fines".

The objective of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the formation of the legal competence of future specialists of non-legal specialties by reviewing the educational programs of the main specialties in the participation of legal disciplines, describing the difficulties faced by students of non-legal specialties in the study of legal disciplines, all of which, allows to identify the methodological characteristics of the teaching of the legal disciplines for the direction of the students. Varied methodological tools were used, including philosophical methods of knowledge (dialectical, metaphysical, synergistic), general scientific and specifically scientific (compilers, comparative). The main results of the work are the definition of the problems of higher education in the formation of educational programs for students of non-legal specialties and the identification of the typical problems faced by students of non-legal specialties in the study of legal disciplines. A set of methodological techniques is proposed in the teaching of legal disciplines for students of non-legal specialties.

The following investigation aims to analyze the origin of the relationship between rhetoric and Criminal Law; in fact, the rhetoric or also called "the art of persuasion" where writing is not necessary, was introduced by Socrates, an important Greek philosopher and teacher who lived in Athens in the 300 BC. It is intrinsic to Criminal Law since its normative material is not perfectly codified; in fact, rhetoric constitutes a sort of instrument by which a citizen can support his own opinion both in the political and judicial sphere before, in this case, a criminal trial presenting findings of the fact and an excellent narration in order to obtain the jury's consent. It is also of great interest to mention the importance of identifying the differences and equations between rhetoric and legal considerations; identify the main reasons why the Criminal Law requires rhetoric and then compare it with the Ecuadorian Criminal Law; examine the strategies used by "the art of persuasion" to prove the benefits and disadvantages it brings in Criminal Law; finally, to present some observations to reduce this problem finding a balance in the practice of rhetoric. KEYWORDS: rhetoric, logic, right, criminal process, rationality. JEL CODE: K14, L10 ; RESUMEN La siguiente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el origen de la relación entre retórica y Derecho Penal; de hecho, la retórica o también llamada "el arte de la persuasión" donde la escritura no es necesaria, fue introducida por Sócrates, un importante filósofo y maestro griego que vivió en Atenas en el 300 a. C. Es intrínseco al Derecho Penal ya que su material normativo no está perfectamente codificado; De hecho, la retórica constituye una especie de instrumento mediante el cual un ciudadano puede sustentar su propia opinión tanto en el ámbito político como judicial antes, en este caso, de un juicio penal que presenta conclusiones del hecho y una excelente narración para obtener el consentimiento del jurado. . También es de gran interés mencionar la importancia de identificar las diferencias y ecuaciones entre la retórica y las consideraciones legales; identificar las principales razones por las que el Derecho Penal requiere retórica y luego compararlo con el Derecho Penal ecuatoriano; examinar las estrategias empleadas por "el arte de la persuasión" para demostrar los beneficios y desventajas que aporta al Derecho Penal; finalmente, presentar algunas observaciones para reducir este problema encontrando un equilibrio en la práctica de la retórica. ABSTRACT The following investigation aims to analyze the origin of the relationship between rhetoric and Criminal Law; in fact, the rhetoric or also called "the art of persuasion" where writing is not necessary, was introduced by Socrates, an important Greek philosopher and teacher who lived in Athens in the 300 BC. It is intrinsic to Criminal Law since its normative material is not perfectly codified; in fact, rhetoric constitutes a sort of instrument by which a citizen can support his own opinion both in the political and judicial sphere before, in this case, a criminal trial presenting findings of the fact and an excellent narration in order to obtain the jury's consent. It is also of great interest to mention the importance of identifying the differences and equations between rhetoric and legal considerations; identify the main reasons why the Criminal Law requires rhetoric and then compare it with the Ecuadorian Criminal Law; examine the strategies used by "the art of persuasion" to prove the benefits and disadvantages it brings in Criminal Law; finally, to present some observations to reduce this problem finding a balance in the practice of rhetoric. KEYWORDS: rhetoric, logic, right, criminal process, rationality. JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: K14, L10

Through a documentary methodology the article is devoted to the study of special confiscation as a measure of criminal law, which was introduced in Ukrainian legislation on the path of transformation and reform in the institution of confiscation of property. The study found that the emergence of a special forfeiture was mainly dictated by Ukraine's choice of European integration and the need to fulfil its obligations to bring domestic criminal law into line with European standards and international legal practice in the fight against crime. The article discusses the provisions of criminal law on the regulation of special confiscation as another measure of criminal law and considers the main problematic aspects of this institution in the doctrine of Ukrainian criminal law. The correlation between general confiscation and special confiscation was revealed in the article. It was concluded that these two types of seizures are different in a legal nature. The confiscation of property is a type of additional punishment and, the special confiscation of property is an independent type of other measures of the nature of criminal law.

This research article shows Antioquian cases, but also Bogotá and Cundinamarca ones, which allow understanding that transformation horizon resulting from the regulation of legal medicine in Colombia, as well as the influence of Italian positive school and the degeneration theory in medical legal expert opinions on the defendant's mental state. Likewise, it takes into consideration that criminal law is a way of social control exercised from the juridical order and from the development of knowledge such as legal medicine, which affects behaviors considered as punishable acts, as the acts of a man deemed abnormal. Discussions between medical doctors and lawyers of that historical moment favored the acceptance of this knowledge. The Criminal Code of 1936, in effect from 1938, replaced 1890 Criminal Code; however, this was not an easy change, still today the classical thinking is noticed, and despite that Italian positive school postulates were known in the country, they could only be partially imposed in 1936 with the new Criminal Code. ; Este artículo de investigación presenta casos antioqueños, sin dejar de estudiar casos de Bogotá y Cundinamarca, que permiten entender ese horizonte de transformación que significó la regulación de la medicina legal en Colombia lo mismo que la influencia de la escuela positiva italiana y la teoría de la degeneración en los dictámenes médico-legales sobre el estado mental del acusado. Igualmente, se parte del postulado de que el derecho penal es una forma de control social, ejercido desde el orden jurídico y desde el desarrollo de saberes como la medicina legal, con implicación en los comportamientos que entraron al terreno de lo punible, como los del hombre considerado anormal. De manera que se indagará por este proceso de cambio en el orden jurídico penal colombiano entre 1914 y 1938. ; Este artigo de pesquisa apresenta casos do estado de Antioquia (Colômbia), sem deixar de estudar casos de Bogotá e Cundinamarca, que permitem entender o horizonte de transformação que significou a regulamentação da medicina legal na Colômbia bem como a influência da escola positiva italiana e a teoria da degeneração nas decisões médico-legais sobre o estado mental do réu. Além disso, parte-se do princípio de que o direito penal é uma forma de controle social, exercido sob a ordem jurídica e o desenvolvimento de saberes como a medicina legal, que afetaram comportamentos que entraram no terreno do punível, como os do homem considerado anormal. As discussões entre médicos e advogados desse momento histórico favoreceram a apropriação desse conhecimento. O Código Penal de 1936, que entrou em vigor em 1938, substituiu o Código Penal de 1890, mas essa mudança não foi fácil, ainda se observa o pensamento clássico e, embora fossem conhecidos no país os princípios da escola positiva italiana, somente puderam impor-se, em parte, em 1936, com o novo Código Penal.

Este artículo de investigación presenta casos antioqueños, sin dejar de estudiar casos de Bogotá y Cundinamarca, que permiten entender ese horizonte de transformación que significó la regulación de la medicina legal en Colombia lo mismo que la influencia de la escuela positiva italiana y la teoría de la degeneración en los dictámenes médico-legales sobre el estado mental del acusado. Igualmente, se parte del postulado de que el derecho penal es una forma de control social, ejercido desde el orden jurídico y desde el desarrollo de saberes como la medicina legal, con implicación en los comportamientos que entraron al terreno de lo punible, como los del hombre considerado anormal. De manera que se indagará por este proceso de cambio en el orden jurídico penal colombiano entre 1914 y 1938. ; This research article shows Antioquian cases, but also Bogotá and Cundinamarca ones, which allow understanding that transformation horizon resulting from the regulation of legal medicine in Colombia, as well as the influence of Italian positive school and the degeneration theory in medical legal expert opinions on the defendant's mental state. Likewise, it takes into consideration that criminal law is a way of social control exercised from the juridical order and from the development of knowledge such as legal medicine, which affects behaviors considered as punishable acts, as the acts of a man deemed abnormal. Discussions between medical doctors and lawyers of that historical moment favored the acceptance of this knowledge. The Criminal Code of 1936, in effect from 1938, replaced 1890 Criminal Code; however, this was not an easy change, still today the classical thinking is noticed, and despite that Italian positive school postulates were known in the country, they could only be partially imposed in 1936 with the new Criminal Code. ; Este artigo de pesquisa apresenta casos do estado de Antioquia (Colômbia), sem deixar de estudar casos de Bogotá e Cundinamarca, que permitem entender o horizonte de transformação que significou a regulamentação da medicina legal na Colômbia bem como a influência da escola positiva italiana e a teoria da degeneração nas decisões médico-legais sobre o estado mental do réu. Além disso, parte-se do princípio de que o direito penal é uma forma de controle social, exercido sob a ordem jurídica e o desenvolvimento de saberes como a medicina legal, que afetaram comportamentos que entraram no terreno do punível, como os do homem considerado anormal. As discussões entre médicos e advogados desse momento histórico favoreceram a apropriação desse conhecimento. O Código Penal de 1936, que entrou em vigor em 1938, substituiu o Código Penal de 1890, mas essa mudança não foi fácil, ainda se observa o pensamento clássico e, embora fossem conhecidos no país os princípios da escola positiva italiana, somente puderam impor-se, em parte, em 1936, com o novo Código Penal.

In today's world the relationship between criminal law and human rights remains complex, both in doctrine and in practice, as evidenced by the various realities and theories around this matter, so it is convenient to reflect on the most viable ways and methods to humanize criminal law and criminal procedure to preserve human dignity. The purpose of the text lies in presenting the editorial of the special edition of Vol. 39, No, 70 of Political Issues. The arguments outlined allow us to conclude that, it would be illusory to suppose, as some jurists think, that the law by itself is sufficient to build a wall of contention in the face of the actions of the arbitrary powers that constitute an obstacle to fundamental rights, it is also necessary the political will of the actors of power to comply with and enforce the law in a human and rational way and, especially, the organized action of a citizenry willing to fight for the exercise of their human rights within the framework of any punitive action.

The investigation reveals shortcomings in the arguments of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on the recognition of article 366-1 of the Criminal Code as not being in conformity with the Constitution, in terms of:(a) the court's lack of authority to criminalize socially dangerous acts; (b) lack of argumentation on the absence of social harm in the non-submission of a declaration and in the presentation of inaccurate information; (c) positive foreign experience; (d) conformity of article 366-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine with the principle of the rule of law. The article employs a set of legal research methods, including terminological, systemic-structural, formal-logical, and comparative-legal. It is stressed that:(a) the criminalization of a socially harmful act is a matter for the legislator, not the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, to decide; (b) the decision does not present or refute any argument on the element of social harmfulness relating to the non-submission of a declaration and the declaration of inaccurate information. On the basis of the investigation, it has been concluded that the decision of the Constitutional Court on the recognition of article 366-1 of the Criminal Code does not comply with the Constitution and has not been sufficiently substantiated.

CUADERNOS DE POLÍTICA CRIMINAL: SEGUNDA ÉPOCA. N.º 118 -- PÁGINA LEGAL -- CONTENIDO -- SECCIÓN DE ESTUDIOS PENALES -- EL HÁBITO DE LEGISLAR SIN TON NI SON.UNA LECTURA FEMINISTADE LA REFORMA PENAL DE 2015* -- REFLEXIONES SOBRE EL BIEN JURÍDICOA PROTEGER EN EL DELITO DE ACCESOINFORMÁTICO ILÍCITO -- ¿DELITOS DE POSICIÓNCON INFRACCIÓN DE DEBER?REFLEXIONES SOBRE EL EJEMPLODE LA CORRUPCIÓN MÉDICA PRIVADA -- PROBLEMAS INTERPRETATIVOS Y DE"NON BIS IN IDEM" SUSCITADOS -- NOTAS SOBRE LA DISTINCIÓN DEL DELITO DEUSO NO AUTORIZADO DE BIENES EMBARGADOSDE OTRAS FIGURAS AFINES

The article examined fundamental issues of parole in the criminal law of the Russian Federation and, at the same time, aspects of the negative deloscope impact on the identity of the inso, from various points of view on the "social elevators" programme. All these social problems cause a low level of voluntary softening of the damage caused to the victim. During the analysis, we found that the legislature did not formulate well the model that it behaves encouraging to compensate for the damage caused, as set out in the standard text. An indication of the possibility of using incentives in the event of damages the possibility of an ambiguous interpretation of the standard text, leading to difficulties in law enforcement. In the conclusions, we express our position on the need for legal regulation other than this issue. Particular attention was paid to the victim's role in determining the amount of damage. The input of the article focused on discussing various approaches to this issue and establishing the need to clarify the criminal legal status of the victim at the level of the plenary session of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.

This article contains a historical, legal and doctrinal study about the diminished criminal liabilityas an element of criminal culpability. It is exposed in the first section, the appearance of this figure until it was formally incorporated in legislation and in judicial proceedings. Then, the different approaches are examined in relation to the response to be provided by criminal law to cases in which it is shown that a person committed a crime, acting under a state of diminished criminal liability.Finally, it is proposed to eliminate this controversial concept of the theory of crime based on a redefinition of the terms criminal liability and non-imputability. ; El presente artículo contiene un estudio histórico, normativo y doctrinario sobre la imputabilidad disminuida como elemento de la culpabilidad penal. Se expone, en un primer apartado, el surgimiento de esta figura hasta su incorporación formal en las legislaciones y en los procesos judiciales. Luego se examinan los diversos planteamientos en relación con la respuesta que debe ofrecer el derecho penal para los supuestos en que se demuestra que una persona cometió un hecho sancionado como delito, actuando bajo un estado de imputabilidad disminuida. Finalmente, se propone la eliminación de este polémico concepto de la teoría del delito a partir de una redefinición de los términos imputabilidad e inimputabilidad.

The objective of the study was to analyze, in a comparative legal framework, violations of environmental law in the context of armed aggression against Ukraine. The research method was a dialectical combination of the proven general and private scientific methods of legal knowledge. They emphasize in the Research Results that scientific advances can be used to solve the serious problems that arise in the legal regulation of criminal liability for environmental crimes in the context of armed aggression against Ukraine, as well as in general processes aimed at improving the environmental situation as a whole. It is concluded that the problems of criminal liability for environmental crimes in the context of armed aggression against Ukraine are managed, as far as doctrine is concerned, in the need to study the problems that currently exist in this area, in order to develop effective means of combating environmental crimes. In this regard, the optimization of the solution of environmental protection problems as a result of aggression against our State is possible on the basis of inter-State cooperation.