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Intro -- WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS: THEORETICAL AND MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVES OF FINANCIAL CRIME -- WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS: THEORETICAL AND MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVES OF FINANCIAL CRIME -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- WHITE-COLLAR CRIME AND CRIMINALS -- ECONOMICS OF BUSINESS CRIME -- VARIETY OF WHITE-COLLAR CRIME -- MICRO AND MACRO VIEWS OF CORRUPTION -- WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS DEFINED -- WHITE-COLLAR PERSONALITY TRAITS -- Chapter 1 WHITE-COLLAR CRIME THEORIES -- BEHAVIORAL THEORIES -- ORGANIZATIONAL THEORIES -- MANAGERIAL THEORIES -- DOUBLE BIND LEADERSHIP -- Chapter 2 WHITE-COLLAR CRIME ANALYSIS -- CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE -- KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT -- KNOWLEDGE CATEGORIES -- CRIME REDUCTION -- FROM DATA TO WISDOM -- CRIME ANALYSIS -- CRIME PREVENTION -- Chapter 3 STAGES OF CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY -- THEORY BUILDING IN MANAGEMENT RESEARCH -- STAGE MODELING IN MANAGEMENT RESEARCH -- THEORY BUILDING FOR STAGE MODELS -- MODELING PROCESS FOR STAGE MODELS -- CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY -- FRONTIERS OF CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY -- INTERNAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT -- STAGES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY -- ETHICS IN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY -- Chapter 4 EMPIRICAL STUDY OF FINANCIAL CRIME -- DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION -- COMPETENCE OF EXECUTIVE LEADERS -- CATEGORIES OF FINANCIAL CRIME -- USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY -- USE OF INFORMATION SOURCES -- CORRELATION ANALYSIS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

"The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice offers a state-of-the-art survey informed by the very latest theory and research. It spans 15 substantive areas, including criminal law, courts and adjudication, juvenile justice, history of criminology and criminal justice, law enforcement and policing, victimization, and theories of crime; and draws on developments in fields ranging from homeland security and forensic science, though to transnational crime. Written in an accessible style, it provides its readers with a unique organizational system to allow sophisticated searching and cross-referencing by keyword, topic or alphabetical order. Edited by the leading authority in this field, and peer reviewed by a team of 14 associate editors, the encyclopedia brings together a global team of contributers from 10 countries to offer a uniquely international perspective." -- BACK COVER

Democracy is often equated with majority rule. But closer analysis reveals that, in theory and by constitutional design, our criminal justice system should be supermajoritarian, not majoritarian. The Constitution guarantees that criminal punishment may be imposed only when backed by the supermajoritarian-historically, unanimous-approval of a jury drawn from the community. And criminal law theorists' expressive and retributive justifications for criminal punishment implicitly rely on the existence of broad community consensus in favor of imposing it. Despite these constitutional and theoretical ideals, the criminal justice system today is majoritarian at best. Both harsh and contested, it has lost the structural mechanisms that could ensure supermajoritarian support. By incorporating new supermajoritarian checks and reinvigorating old ones, we could make criminal punishment consonant with first principles and more responsive to community intuitions of justice.

AbstractWriting 62 years ago, Georg Schwarzenberger posited that international criminal law did not exist. As long as some States, those larger or more powerful, were held to a different standard, or, in fact, not held to account at all, it was premature to speak of such a thing. For Schwarzenberger, international criminal law was a misnomer withoutuniversalcriminal justice. This article considers whether that same criticism can be made of international criminal law today. Indeed, it asks whether this is a realistic expectation in the first place. The recently concluded Review Conference of the International Criminal Court in Kampala, Uganda is seen as an ideal juncture at which to do so. This article analyses what is meant by the term international criminal law and then selects two models; the International Criminal Court and the exercise of universal jurisdiction, to gauge the success, or failure, of international criminal law in satisfying Schwarzenberger's criterion.

Intro -- Policing the Police: Knowledge Management in Law Enforcement -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Complaints and Crime -- Police Complaints -- Police Crime -- Crime Attractiveness -- Rethinking Police Complaints -- The Case of Unauthorized Disclosure -- Police Crime Classification -- Police Crime Continuum -- Theories of Police Crime -- Criminology Theories -- Management Theories -- Organizational Culture -- Organizational Structure -- The Case of Police Corruption -- Corruption and Crime Reporting -- Corruption and Poverty -- Economic Models of Corruption -- Patterns of Police Corruption -- EPAC - European Partners Against Corruption -- Organized Crime Corruption -- Corruption as Business Practice -- Knowledge Management -- Knowledge Categories -- Knowledge Management Systems -- Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom -- Classification of Information Sources -- Crime Analysis -- Law Enforcement -- Laws and Regulations -- Police Accountability -- The Belgian Registration System -- Police Management -- Police Leadership -- Police Integrity -- Ten Police Principles -- Entrepreneurial Management -- Role-Based Policing -- New Public Management -- Global Knowledge Exchange -- The Need for Research -- Police Investigations -- How Investigations Work -- The Case of IPCC Investigations -- Knowledge Works in Investigations -- How Detectives Work -- Detective Thinking Styles -- Characteristics of Effective Detectives -- Profiling Police Complaints Detectives -- Knowledge Management Technology -- Stages of Growth Model -- The KMT Stage Model -- Unified Communication in Knowledge Management -- The Case of Geographic Information Systems -- Police Performance Management -- An Empirical Study of Police Investigations -- An Empirical Study of Intelligence Work -- Other Performance Indicators -- Performance Leadership -- The Case of Norwegian Bureau.

CLIFFSQUICKREVIEW Criminal Justice -- About the Author -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER 1 THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM -- The Structure of Criminal Justice -- The Process of Criminal Justice -- The Politics of Criminal Justice -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should the Crime Control Model or the Due Process Model Prevail? -- CHAPTER 2 CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN THE U. S. -- Citizen Participation -- Rights Consciousness and Civil Liberties -- Racial Disparities in American Criminal Justice -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Is the Criminal Justice System Racist? -- CHAPTER 3 CRIME -- Definitions of Crime -- Types of Crime -- Part I Offenses -- Drugs and Crime -- Guns and Crime -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Does Gun Control Reduce Crime? -- CHAPTER 4 CRIMINAL LAW -- Sources of Criminal Law -- The Nature of Criminal Law -- Functions of Criminal Law -- Legal Elements of a Crime -- Legal Defenses and Justifications for Crimes -- The Limits of Criminal Law -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should Drugs Be Legalized? -- CHAPTER 5 DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN POLICE -- Policing Colonial America -- Developing the New Police -- Frontier Justice -- Progressive Police Reform -- Crime Control Decades (1919-1959) -- Policing the Social Crises of the 1960s -- Crime Control Revisited (1970s-1990s) -- Law Enforcement Goes High-Tech -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should Police Take DNA Samples from All Arrestees? -- CHAPTER 6 POLICE FUNCTION -- The Nature of Police Work -- Police Systems -- Police Organization -- Police Strategies -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Does Community Policing Prevent Crime? -- CHAPTER 7 POLICE POWERS AND CITIZENS' RIGHTS -- Criminal Procedure and the Constitution -- The Right to Privacy -- The Exclusionary Rule -- The Fifth Amendment's Right Against Self-Incrimination