Suchergebnisse

"W maju 2020 roku Profesor Witold Kulesza obchodził 70. rocznicę urodzin. Z tej okazji postanowiliśmy skierować zaproszenie do wybitnych przedstawicieli najważniejszych ośrodków naukowych w Polsce i za granicą, by wspólnie uhonorować Jubilata. Efektem naszej współpracy jest prezentowana księga jubileuszowa, zawierająca pięćdziesiąt artykułów o szerokiej tematyce. Zostały one pogrupowane w obrębie czterech rozdziałów - O sprawiedliwości, O prawie karnym w ogólności, O prawie karnym w szczególności, O kryminologii i polityce kryminalnej - by nawiązać do najistotniejszych wątków dorobku naukowego Jubilata. Wśród nich znajdują się prace z pogranicza prawa karnego oraz filozofii państwa i prawa, a także dotyczące poszczególnych typów przestępstw. Autorzy artykułów zarówno sięgają wstecz, jak i odnoszą się do współcześnie wprowadzonych rozwiązań z zakresu prawa penalnego. Pro dignitate legis et maiestate iustitiae, żywiąc głęboki szacunek wysokie uznanie dla Profesora Witolda Kuleszy, składamy tę księgę Jubilatowi w hołdzie i darze."--

The issue analysed by the author is that of the institution of Presidential immunity pertaining to the President of the Republic of Poland, and operating in such a way that a sitting President cannot be held criminally liable before a common court for acts tantamount to offences. Inclining towards the essence of this solution and its consequences when it comes to respect for constitutional principles of legalism and equality before the law, the author at the same time seeks to assess the completeness of the provisions in effect in Poland, in so doing identifying a lack of clear directives as to how a former President (i.e. one who has left office) is to be held criminally liable. The conclusion reached by the author can be said to boil down to a recognition that the liability of a former President before Poland's Tribunal of State for offences or crimes committed is of an accessory nature where common courts are concerned, with the condition underpinning recognition of the Tribunal's primacy in matters of jurisdiction being the National Assembly's adoption of a Resolution holding a former President liable constitutionally, and potentially at the same time initiating action in respect of given offences. Any lack of such a National Assembly Resolution must give rise to a particular kind of reactivation – in respect of the former President – of jurisdiction in the dispensing of justice by common courts, given the fact that one of the negative procedural premises has ceased to be non-applicable. Thus, unlike in the case of a President still holding office, the cognition of the Tribunal of State in relation to a former President is neither exclusive nor automatic. Such observations have also stimulated work by the author to develop de lege ferenda postulates regarding the subject matter, as set against the wider background of Poland's political and constitutional system.

Međunarodni kazneni sud novo je međunarodno tijelo kojem je glavni cilj istraga i suđenje slučajeva genocida, ratnih zločina, te zločina protiv čovječnosti u zemljama članicama. Iako su Sjedinjene Američke Države u 2000. potpisale Rimski statut, međunarodnu povelju iz 1998. koja predstavlja osnovicu Međunarodnog kaznenog suda, Busheva vlada napravila je velik zaokret godinu dana kasnije, potpuno se ograđujući od svake ideje o suđenju Amerikancima izvan zemlje. Tekst analizira glavne argumente američke vanjske politike povezane s Međunarodnim kaznenim sudom, od navodne pristranosti Suda, te odnosa između Suda i Ujedinjenih naroda, pa sve do pitanja američkog suvereniteta. Također, ponuđena je i međunarodnopravna politička kritika nedavnih poteza američke vlade, koji štete i američkim nacionalnim interesima, i međunarodnoj sigurnosti. ; The International Criminal Court is a new international body constituted with the aim of prosecuting and trying cases of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Although in 2000 the United States signed the 1998 Rome Statute, which is the foundation of the International Criminal Court, the Bush Administration took a radically different position the following year, protecting itself from any idea of trying American citizens abroad. This text analyses the main U.S. foreign policy arguments pertaining to the ICC, from the alleged impartiality of the Court and the relationship between the Court and the United Nations, to the question of American sovereignty. In addition, the text offers an international legal and political critique of the recent U.S. policy actions, which harmed both American national interests, as well as international security.

The Norwegian Tax Office constitutes an institution with a long tradition and history, but as well opened to the citizens' needs and meeting their expectations. It is an institution which is in a constant movement through modernisation and improvement of its services. The history of the tax system goes back to the medieval times. The tax policy has been developed since Middle Ages, when the main role was played by the church, then by the king or the state. In the next periods the tax offices were managed by the municipalities and at last, in the 60. were fully taken over by the state. A milestone in the Norwegian Tax Office's history was a reform from 1911, where the obligatory tax return was introduced and from 1957 where the current each-monthincome tax payment was implemented. For those running own businesses the advance tax payment was developed. These solutions have been applicable with success since then until now. The next big progress was made in the late 70. when the leadership was taken over by the economist, not a lawyer which was a rule then, Erling Ree-Pedersen, who started managing the organization and seeing it as a whole unity. Thanks to this approach the Tax Office has been moved closer to the tax payers and started to meet their expectations. The technological solutions, which occurred in the next years and have been developed since, have just proved that the institution which is so little popular can be helpful, friendly and approachable through the newest technologies. The Norwegian Tax Office is an institution which evokes trust among citizens, especially that the main aim of the tax policy is supporting the state with sufficient income level. Simultaneously the main aim of Norway as a welfare state is supplying the citizens with the appropriate life standard through, among others, efficient tax policy, allowing to finance the main fields within public policy.

The aim of the paper is to measure the efficiency and productivity of public administration in higher education using the DEA method and the Malmquist index. The research was carried out in 58 higher education institutions of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in the years 2014-2017. The obtained efficiency results oscillate around 70%. The most effective were pedagogical universities and the least agricultural universities. However, the highest productivity growth was recorded in 2015/2016 in technical universities.

Certainly, it is essential, for the shaping of public order in a state, to establish the standards of good administration and axiological basis for the legal system of administrative law, both in the formal-legal and systemic aspect and the substantive-law domain. The basic role is played by legal designatations, such as: properly understood the principle of separation of powers, the principle of the rule of law, human dignity as an axiological basis and the categorical imperative in the sphere of understanding what good administration is, the meaning of the notion of the common good, proper distribution of prime factors of the relationship the common good – human dignity. Legal security and certainty of law, the elimination of inflation of law and the relativization of fundamental values of systemic significance form are also an important element underlying good administration. It is not possible to shape the system of good administration without a properly formed public service and without continuously building its ethos. The analysis of the foundations of good administration and its durability cannot boil down only to the procedural and legal aspects. Therefore, apart from pointing to the need to constantly address the issues of the principles and standards set out in Poland in the Code of Administrative Procedure and in the Code of Good Administrative Behaviour adopted on 6 September 2001 by the European Parliament, I have decided to present this issue in another paper, while focusing herein on the fundamental axiological values symbolizing good administration. An important place in this area is taken by the problem of the individual's right to good administration, which is a consequence of recognising that the State has an obligation and responsibility to shape the optimal model of good administration and governance within the country. ; Nie ulega wątpliwości, że dla kształtowania ładu publicznego w państwie kluczowe jest ukształtowanie standardów dobrej administracji i aksjologicznych podstaw porządku prawnego, tworzącego system prawa administracyjnego zarówno w płaszczyźnie formalnoprawnej i ustrojowej, jak i materialnoprawnej. Podstawową rolę odgrywa kilka desygnatów prawnych, takich jak: odpowiednio rozumiana zasada podziału władz, zasada praworządności, godność człowieka jako aksjologiczna podstawa i imperatyw kategoryczny w sferze pojmowania dobrej administracji, znaczenie pojęcia dobra wspólnego, właściwe rozpisanie na czynniki pierwsze relacji dobro wspólne – godność człowieka. Istotnymi elementami wzmacniającymi podstawy dobrej administracji są także bezpieczeństwo prawne i pewność prawa oraz eliminowanie zjawiska inflacji prawa i relatywizacji fundamentalnych wartości mających znaczenie systemowe. Kształtowanie systemu dobrej administracji nie jest możliwe bez odpowiednio ukształtowanej służby publicznej oraz stałego budowania jej etosu. Analiza podstaw dobrej administracji i jej trwałości nie może być sprowadzona tylko do aspektów proceduralnych i formalnoprawnych. Dlatego – poza zasygnalizowaniem potrzeby ciągłego zajmowania się problematyką zasad i standardów określonych w Polsce w Kodeksie postępowania administracyjnego oraz przyjętym w dniu 6 września 2001 r. przez Parlament Europejski Kodeksie Dobrej Administracji – problematykę tę postanowiłem przedstawić w innym artykule, kładąc nacisk w niniejszym opracowaniu na fundamentalne wartości aksjologiczne symbolizujące dobrą administrację. Ważne miejsce zajmuje w tym zakresie doniosły problem prawa jednostki do dobrej administracji, co jest swoistą konsekwencją uznania, że na państwie ciąży obowiązek i odpowiedzialność związana z ukształtowaniem optymalnego modelu dobrej administracji i ładu publicznego w państwie.