Suchergebnisse

This paper is the result of the study Apreensões de drogas no estado de São Paulo: Um raio-x das apreensões de drogas segundo ocorrências e massa [Drug Seizures in the State of São Paulo: An In-Depth View of Drug Seizures Broken Down by Number of Incidents and Drug Amounts], conducted by Instituto Sou da Paz to encourage a discussion about Brazil's drug policy. The study focuses on drug incidents in the state of São Paulo, the richest and most populous in Brazil, which accounts for 28% of all drug incidents in the country. São Paulo is also the state with the largest police force—about 100,000 policiais militares [ostensible police officers] and 30,000 policiais civis [investigative police officers]. São Paulo law enforcement seized over 100 MT [metric tons] of drugs in the state in 2015. In 2016, drug seizures totaled over 160 MT.1 Data on drug seizures in Brazil are still scarce. It is crucial to have those data to assess the performance of the institutions comprising the criminal justice system as far as drugs are concerned. Based on statistical resources, we found that a large number of drug incidents involve small amounts of drugs, whereas large seizures account for a significant share of the total amount of drugs seized. By comparing those data, we show police resources are largely used in incidents that have no impact on the drug trafficking chain and in which only drug users and small drug dealers are charged. Este artigo deriva da pesquisa "Apreensões de drogas no estado de São Paulo: Um raio-x das apreensões de drogas segundo ocorrências e massa", realizada pelo Instituto Sou da Paz para fomentar a discussão sobre a política de drogas no Brasil. O trabalho se debruça sobre as ocorrências de drogas do Estado de São Paulo, o mais rico e populoso da federação, que responde por 28% de todas as ocorrências do país. São Paulo é também a unidade federativa com o maior efetivo policial, com aproximadamente 100 mil policiais militares e 30 mil policiais civis. Em 2015, as forças de segurança de São Paulo ultrapassaram a marca de 100 toneladas de drogas apreendidas em seu território. No ano seguinte foram mais de 160 toneladas .Os dados sobre as apreensões de drogas no Brasil ainda são escassos. Esses dados são fundamentais para analisarmos a atuação das instituições do Sistema de Justiça Criminal no que concerne à questão das drogas. Utilizando recursos estatísticos, observamos que grande parte das ocorrências envolve quantidades pequenas de droga, ao passo que as grandes apreensões têm significativa participação no total de quantidade de drogas apreendidas. Com esses cruzamentos, demonstramos que boa parte dos recursos policiais são empregados em ocorrências que não impactam na cadeia de tráfico de drogas, autuando usuários e pequenos traficantes. Publisher's Note:This article has been published in both Portuguese and English. To download the Portuguese version, click the "Download" link and select "PDF (PT)". Este artigo foi publicado tanto em Inglês, como em Português. Para baixar a versão em Português, clique "Download" e depois selecione "PDF (PT)".

The externalization of internal security is an important asset for the national foreign policy. Nowadays, police missions of the United Nations, operations in the framework of the EU Common Security and Defence Policy, the police and judicial cooperation of Justice and Home Affairs of the European Union, police cooperation between Portuguese speaking countries are decisive components for the prevention and suppression of organized crime and terrorism, as well as for the capacity building of judicial and internal security systems in post-conflict countries. Adapted from the source document.

Presente Special Issue aims to analyze the narratives and practices of internal security in your internal / external connections. The complexity of risks and threats have questioned the conceptualizations, policies and organic, based on a rigid separation between internal and external security. In response to transnational challenges, the state actor has diversified palette of cooperatives mechanisms: institutionalized interstate cooperation; of security regimes; co-operation between state actors and private actors; networks transgovernmental relations. In summary, we can identify three aspects of the nexus in / out: 'internalization of external phenomena incidence; externalization of internal phenomena initially incidence; phenomena of cross-border nature.' Regarding the externalization of internal security, it is therefore associated with the missions of international transnational criminal activities, the explicit goals of internal security in foreign policies, the interstate cooperatives and transgovernmental mechanisms in the field of internal security and police in situations of post-conflict. Adapted from the source document.

This article aims to analyze relations between the human rights policy, as conceived and deployed by contemporary States, and its current representations. To do this, the corpus of analysis consists in representations of such rights produced in Brazil through the performance of the then Congressman Jair Bolsonaro, which built the so-called 'Bolsonarism' and were present in his presidential campaign, (re)producing considerable ideological opposition to this policy, expressed above all by the idea that 'a good criminal is a dead criminal.' Thus, we will see how anti-human rights propaganda constitutes an indispensable element to grasp Brazilian politics nowadays, either in electoral terms or in terms of (lack of) public policies. ; Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las relaciones entre la política de derechos humanos, tal como fue concebida y desplegada por los Estados contemporáneos, y sus representaciones vigentes. Para hacer esto, el corpus de análisis consiste en representaciones de tales derechos producidas en Brasil a partir de la actuación del entonces diputado Jair Bolsonaro, que construyeron el llamado "bolsonarismo" y estuvieron presentes en su campaña presidencial, (re)produciendo una considerable oposición ideológica a esta política, expresada sobre todo por la idea de que "un buen bandido es un bandido muerto". Así, veremos cómo la propaganda anti-derechos humanos constituye un elemento indispensable para la comprensión de la política brasileña hoy en día, ya sea en términos electorales o en términos de (falta de) políticas públicas. ; Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as relações entre a política de direitos humanos, tal como pensada e implementada pelos Estados contemporâneos, e suas representações vigentes. Para tanto, toma-se como corpus de análise as representações de tais direitos produzidas no Brasil a partir da atuação do então deputado Jair Bolsonaro, que construíram o denominado "bolsonarismo" e estiveram presentes em sua campanha presidencial, (re)produzindo considerável oposição ideológica a essa política, expressa sobretudo pela ideia de que "bandido bom é bandido morto". Assim, veremos como a propaganda antidireitos humanos constitui um elemento indispensável para a compreensão da política brasileira nos dias de hoje, seja em termos eleitorais ou em termos de (não) políticas públicas.

The article contrasts the richness of academic production on illegal markets in Brazil to the obscurantist context of contemporary Brazilian politics. The text takes up the main topics of the Special Issue and faces a challenging question: considering the knowledge produced by the articles as a whole and the situation opened by the victory of the far- right in Brazil, what can we expect in the near future? Certainly, continuity, if not increase, of mass incarceration with class, racial and territorial bias, as well as strengthening of the most retrograde policies in criminal justice, with official legitimation of police lethality in peripheries and favelas, now consecrated as a State policy. On the one hand the modern edge of capitalism, the most insidiously averse to rights, exclusive and inseparable from crime; on the other, social barbarism. O artigo contrasta a riqueza da produção acadêmica sobre mercados ilegais, no Brasil, ao contexto obscurantista da política brasileira contemporânea. O texto retoma os principais temas do dossiê e enfrenta uma questão desafiadora: considerando-se o conhecimento produzido pelo conjunto dos artigos e a conjuntura aberta pela vitória da ultradireita no Brasil, o que podemos esperar para o futuro próximo? Certamente, continuidade, se não incremento, do encarceramento em massa com viés de classe, cor e território, bem como fortalecimento do que há de mais retrógrado na justiça criminal, com legitimação oficial da letalidade policial em periferias e favelas, consagradas agora como política de Estado. De um lado a ponta moderna do capitalismo, a mais insidiosamente avessa a direitos, excludente e indissociável do crime; de outro, a barbárie social. Publisher's Note:This article has been published in both Portuguese and English. To download the Portuguese version, click the "Download" link and select "PDF (PT)". Este artigo foi publicado tanto em Inglês, como em Português. Para baixar a versão em Português, clique "Download" e depois selecione "PDF (PT)".

This article analyzes the use of water as ballast to balance the vessels, as well as the existing legislation in the country that protects, monitors and punishes those who are responsible for illegal shedding in national jurisdiction waters. That is important, considering ballast water has become a national and international risk with serious consequences such as bioinvasion. It was discovered that ballast water has become one of the fastest forms of marine pollution because it acts quietly. In an attempt to avoid environmental and economic losses, several conventions and international treaties were agreed between countries such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, adopted in Montego Bay. At the national level, Brazil has important institutions for marine environmental protection such as ANVISA, the National Health Surveillance Agency; ANTAQ, National Agency of Waterborne Transport and broad legislation such as Law (6938/81), the National Environmental Policy; the Criminal Environmental Law (9.605/98) and, specifically, NORMAM 20, issued by the Brazilian Navy's Directorate of Ports and Coasts, which states that every ship to moor at national ports must prove the exchange of ballast water at sea. The research used the legal and theoretical methodology, deductive reasoning and literature from technical and government sites. The results show that Brazil has a concern over the issue and the national legislation proves the effort to prevent marine pollution. However, research in the field is necessary so that invading organisms are discovered prior to the pollution. In addition to that, legislation and supervision must be improved. ; This article analyzes the use of water as ballast to balance the vessels, as well as the existing legislation in the country that protects, monitors and punishes those who are responsible for illegal shedding in national jurisdiction waters. That is important, considering ballast water has become a national and international risk with serious consequences such as bioinvasion. It was discovered that ballast water has become one of the fastest forms of marine pollution because it acts quietly. In an attempt to avoid environmental and economic losses, several conventions and international treaties were agreed between countries such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, adopted in Montego Bay. At the national level, Brazil has important institutions for marine environmental protection such as ANVISA, the National Health Surveillance Agency; ANTAQ, National Agency of Waterborne Transport and broad legislation such as Law (6938/81), the National Environmental Policy; the Criminal Environmental Law (9.605/98) and, specifically, NORMAM 20, issued by the Brazilian Navy's Directorate of Ports and Coasts, which states that every ship to moor at national ports must prove the exchange of ballast water at sea. The research used the legal and theoretical methodology, deductive reasoning and literature from technical and government sites. The results show that Brazil has a concern over the issue and the national legislation proves the effort to prevent marine pollution. However, research in the field is necessary so that invading organisms are discovered prior to the pollution. In addition to that, legislation and supervision must be improved.