Suchergebnisse

The lands of the country are at the disposal of the government and the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Studies show that the people in the country, regardless of laws and regulations, use fraudulent methods to seize state-owned land with illegal possession and land use change cause harm and damage to their collective rights of individuals. There are conditions requires that the relevant agencies in order to prevent crimes against national resources and people's rights as well as justice and legal mechanisms to take advantage of this barrier to prevent crimes against them. The crimes against the country's natural resources and national judicial authorities must by resolution of criminal and non-criminal record in economic conditions that cause conflict or corruption in their national resources for their prevention. However, due to the lack of laws codified in the long line of process maturity and the failure to enforce strong sanctions on these crimes is always the problem of the economy is growing. This thesis examines the prevention of criminal and non criminal policy legislation in this regard, that the process of the process of the investigation of the factors Rgzar impact of the rate of rejection.

Resumen: Una de las aspiraciones que la política criminal se encuentra llamada a concretar en pos de alcanzar el culmen de su misión es dotar de sustento a un Derecho Humano a la Seguridad más amplio. En clave con ello, ante un escenario delictivo multicausal y pluridimensional, debe abrirse a una lectura global de la conflictividad que posibilite medidas superadoras a problemáticas complejas. Es decir, respuestas integrales e integradoras de todas las franjas sociales expuestas a una inseguridad objetiva sin fronteras. Este iter investigativo partirá de un diagnóstico general sobre los prismas de la inseguridad; que comprenderá las manifestaciones de un proceso de deshumanización y una crisis de sentido abisal. Luego el estudio se ceñirá a dos realidades interpelantes, que son puntualmente la situación de los migrantes y la silente problemática de los adultos mayores. Como corolario, se destacará la significancia de procurar un desarrollo integral e integrador, a través del diálogo, la organicidad vital de todos los actores y un fortalecimiento del entretejido comunitario, todos presupuestos para alcanzar una auténtica concordia. ; Abstract: One of the aspirations that criminal policies are called to realize in order to achieve the highest level of its mission, is to provide a basis for a broader Human Right to Security. In tune with this, presented with a criminal scene that is multiple in its causes and dimensions, there must be a global approach to the conflict that allows for measures that address complex problems. This is, responses that are integral and integrate all people exposed to an objective, borderless state of insecurity. This article will start with a general diagnose about the prisms of insecurity; which will encompass the manifestations of a process of dehumanization and an abysmal crisis of meaning/purpose. Secondly, the analysis will be circumscribed to two urgent realities; the situation of migrants and the silent problematic of the elder population. As a corollary, there will be a highlight on the significance of striving for an integral and integrating development; through dialogue, an organic work carried out by all parties involved and a strengthening of the social tissue, all of which are requirements to achieve a real concord.

RESUMEN: Grupos de expertos son convocados a menudo por los gobiernos colombianos para que presenten diagnósticos y propuestas referidas a los problemas de violencia y criminalidad. Este artículo analiza el trabajo de algunos de esos grupos o comisiones y el impacto de sus recomendaciones en el diseño de la política criminal o, más concretamente, de la legislación penal producida en la segunda mitad del siglo veinte. El texto contiene algunas reflexiones sobre las condiciones de integración de ese tipo de comisiones, y los efectos que ellas producen en el reconocimiento de "los expertos". Es importante anticipar que la guerra es un elemento de contexto común en los grupos de expertos, en las recomendaciones que formularon y las normas penales que se analizaron en este artículo. De ahí las alusiones a las relaciones entre guerra y derecho penal a lo largo del escrito. ; ABSTRACT: Expert commissions are often convened by Colombian governments to diagnose and submit proposals concerning the problems of violence and crime. This article analyzes the work of some of those groups or commissions and the impact of their recommendations in the design of criminal policy or more specifically of legislation produced in the second half of the twentieth century. The text contains some reflections on the conditions of integration of such commissions, and the effects they produce in the recognition of "experts". It is important to anticipate that war is a common element of context in these expert groups, on their recommendations and on criminal laws analyzed in this article. This explains the references to the relations between war and criminal law in the paper.

The different criminal schools considered Criminal Dogmatics as the hard core of Criminal Sciences and the other disciplines mentioned here, as "auxiliaries" to Criminal Law. In truth it should be so, because they are "different sciences or disciplines in their nature and methodology to address criminal studies or knowledge and therefore autonomous. But in what is called the "Encyclopedia of Criminal Sciences", they can never be independent, nor do they have a character that is not effectively complementary. Time and new horizons of study, such as emerging specializations, were inevitably interrelating or intertwining concepts and terminology of all of them, to the point that in some issues this link cannot be dispensed with to interpret the Penal Law, the Penal Systems and its application. ; Las diferentes escuelas penales consideraban a la Dogmática Penal como el núcleo duro de las Ciencias Penales y a las otras disciplinas aquí mencionadas, como "auxiliares" del Derecho Penal. En verdad debiera ser así, porque son "ciencias o disciplinas diferentes en su naturaleza y metodología para abordar los estudios o conocimientos penales y por ende autónomas. Pero en lo que se da en llamar la "Enciclopedia de las Ciencias Penales", no pueden nunca ser independientes, ni tienen un carácter que no sea efectivamente complementario. El tiempo y los nuevos horizontes de estudio, como las especializaciones emergentes, fueron interrelacionando o entrelazando conceptos y terminología de todas ellas en forma inevitable, al punto que en algunas cuestiones no se puede prescindir de dicha vinculación para interpretar la Ley Penal, los Sistemas Penales y su aplicación. ; As diferentes escolas criminais consideraram a Dogmática Criminal como o núcleo duro das Ciências Criminais e as demais disciplinas aqui citadas, como "auxiliares" do Direito Penal. Realmente deveria ser assim, porque são "ciências ou disciplinas diferentes em sua natureza e metodologia para abordar os estudos ou conhecimentos criminais e, portanto, autônomas. Mas ...

This document addresses problems and questions that arise about realism or idealism in the context of the criminal policy of the double legislature in Iran, with the aim of revealing the available skills and capacities of the laws that govern the matter. Has the Iranian lawmaker followed an idealistic criminal policy? Is realism what is necessary for a dimensional criminal policy in Iran's criminal laws? What is the solution to the transition from religious idealism to a realist perspective preserving the status quo? What is certain is that, when examining existing criminal law, criminal policy based on religious idealism and dimensional realism can be seen in terms of criminological data; from the oldest data in criminal law to the latest criminal paradigms. Methodologically, documentary research technique and legal hermeneutics were used. It is concluded that traditional theologically based laws and sharia-based oversight bodies need a new dynamism and a new ijtihad. In this study, the dimensions of the subject and the form of transcendence from idealism to realism are given while preserving religious values.

In this paper I intend to reflect on the inability of functionalist dogmatic currents to contain the ius puniendi of the State. I will also point out what are the reasons of the penal system itself that have led to give the legislator a carte blanche, which has led to an unbridled punitiveness, and what fundamentals are proposed to build a more rational criminal response. By reviewing the current situation of criminal dogmatics, the questions of the method and the object of study of this branch of knowledge, we come to the conclusion of an improper relativism of a knowledge that is intended to be scientific. The rational proposal against this relativism is a criminal policy based on human rights.

The chilean public debate frequently employs the concept of "citizen security" in order to define the current criminal policy model. Likewise, experts state that this model faces new criminal realities and, therefore, new characteristics. Nevertheless, a comparison with former penal policies hasn't been drawn and the period of comparison hasn't been identified. The present article aims to show the common features of the political criminal discourse of the legislature during 1932-1973 and between 2000-2012, in order to reveal new elements which could contribute to the construction of a criminal policy with memory. ; En el debate público chileno muchas veces se utiliza el concepto "seguridad ciudadana" para caracterizar el modelo de política criminal vigente. Asimismo, se señala que este modelo enfrenta nuevas realidades criminales y, por tanto, tiene características novedosas, pero no se realiza una comparación concreta con las políticas públicas en materia penal anteriores; ni siquiera se especifica cuándo fue ese pasado distinto. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar características comunes del discurso político criminal legislativo entre 1932-1973 y 2000-2012, que permitan dar algunos elementos para construir una política criminal con memoria.

Using the documentary research methodology, the aim of the article was to study Iran's criminal policy towards money laundering in its banking system. A number of measures have been taken in the Iranian legal system to combat money-laundering, the most important of which is the adoption of the anti-money-laundering law in 2007 and its executive regulations in 2009. With the enactment of this law, the crime of money laundering officially entered the Iranian legal system with its own special and independent title. By way of conclusion, it is evident that various governmental and judicial institutions have made the fight against money-laundering one of their main objectives and tasks. Meanwhile, the role of the National Audit Office has also been prominent, and it has made numerous efforts, both nationally and internationally, to identify cases of money laundering, eliminate money laundering and ultimately combat it effectively and efficiently.

The text seeks to lead a research into the relationship among the formation of intersubjectivity in an unequal society and the development of a populist criminal policy. To address the issue, it is proposing to establish a verification of the concept of intersubjectivity, to conduct a model analysis of the factual context, to do a discussion about the classical concept of criminal populism and its relationship with the reality and to try to propose some indications on the role of the criminal theory in this context. ; El texto busca conducir una investigación sobre la relación entre la formación de intersubjetividad en una sociedad desigual y el desarrollo de una política criminal populista. Para enfrentar el tema, se propone establecer una verificación del concepto de intersubjetividad, un análisis modelar del contexto fáctico, discutir los conceptos clásicos del populismo penal y su relación con la realidad e intentar proponer algunas indicaciones sobre la función de la dogmática penal.

For a criminal policy, in the broadest sense, to be successful and compatible with a realistic view of the criminal phenomenon in the field of pragmatism judgment and to achieve its objectives, it needs a background which, in its absence, not only laws based on realistic criminal policy fail, but their application in such a situation will cause a double damage to society: legal and moral. Apply methods of social prevention in the economic and cultural dimension, observing the principle of minimum criminal law, the mandatory anticipation of the presentation of a personality profile in all crimes committed and finally, the establishment of a care administration to comply with the implementation of realistic laws in the best possible way. It is concluded that this path that combines criminal policy and pragmatic legal realism is one of the desired areas in question in the field of criminal investigation in Iran. This research, which is conducted using the content analysis method, identifies the background for the implementation and enforcement of a realistic legislative criminal policy in Iran to remove obstacles to this advanced scientific knowledge.

This article uses a descriptive-analytical research method to investigate prison privatization models and their shortcomings, to explore the positions of the United States and Iran on the matter and thus find answers to the following questions: Is the participation of the private sector in prison advisable? Is management possible under the laws of Iran and the United States? Is this participation consistent with the fundamental objectives of criminal law? In which of these two countries, can the participation of the private sector in prison management be optimally enforced? Despite the absence of legal regulations in Iran on the participation of the private sector in prison administration, the private sector entered the prison administration system since 1994. It is concluded that the studies carried out show that the participation of the private sector in prison management occurs qualitatively and quantitatively at a higher level in the United States than in Iran, due to the promulgation of legal provisions that create the conditions for this purpose in that country, among other political factors, cultural and legal.

The crime of theft is among the criminal behaviors that most affect private assets and that has the greatest impact on the perception of citizen insecurity. The state criminal policy has been ineffective in its work to reduce this crime and guarantee the protection of the property of its inhabitants, in accordance with the constitutional mandate and, on the contrary, there is an upward trend. This situation reveals the need to establish the different causes that generate it and the public policies that are being implemented to guarantee the economic heritage, a legal asset affected by this criminal behavior. For this, this study analyzes from a criminological perspective the approach given to the subject in the country and its conformity with the fundamental rights and guarantees of the offenders. It is concluded that criminal theft policy has been mainly repressive, although in recent years there has been an increase in preventive and comprehensive legal and social measures. ; El hurto figura entre los comportamientos delictivos que más afectan los bienes particulares y que mayor incidencia tiene en la precepción de inseguridad ciudadana. La política criminal estatal ha resultado ineficaz en su labor de reducir este delito y garantizar la protección de los bienes de sus habitantes, conforme al mandato constitucional y, por el contrario, se observa una tendencia al alza. Esta situación revela la necesidad de establecer las diferentes causas que lo generan y las políticas públicas que se vienen implementando para la garantía del patrimonio económico. Para ello, este estudio analiza desde una perspectiva criminológica el abordaje del tema en el país y su conformidad con las garantías y derechos fundamentales de los infractores. Se concluye que la política criminal en esta materia ha sido principalmente represiva, aunque en los últimos años se observa un incremento en las medidas jurídicas y sociales de carácter preventivo e integral.

A criminal policy exam of the laws that regulate intrafamily violence in Colombia allows one to distinguish between the special protection of women against violence, on one hand, and family protection as a legally protected collective good, on the other; ; Un examen político criminal de las normas que han regulado el delito de violencia intrafamiliar en Colombia permite distinguir entre la protección especial de la mujer, por un lado, y la protección de la familia como bien jurídico colectivo, por otro; dis