Suchergebnisse

Le conflit serbo-croate est à l'origine de la guerre en Yougoslavie. Cette guerre n'a pas éclaté ouvertement après la mort de Tito mais s'est déclarée après la montée au pouvoir du président de Serbie, Slobodan Milosevic. La guerre en Croatie ne prendra fin, même si les forces de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies sont déployées. Les combats ne cesseront pas davantage en Bosnie-Herzégovine tant que la Croatie et la Serbie n'auront pas créé de régions ethniquement « pures » dans cette république indépendante. En conclusion, si la communauté internationale ne prend pas de mesures politiques à rencontre de la Serbie, la guerre risque de s'étendre au Kosovo et à d'autres régions des Balkans.

La translocalité explique mieux que la transnationalité la morphologie sociale et les réalités vécues par les populations de migrants, y compris les formes d'interaction sociale, de modèles d'organisation, de pratiques culturelles et d'autres activités mises en œuvre par rapport à leur patrie respective et à leurs compatriotes translocaux dans les autres pays. L'étude de ces pratiques chez les migrants bosniaques et croates montre que les lieux de culture et les identités locales matérialisées transcendent l'espace géographique et le temps chronologique – que la mobilité et l'attachement à une localité ne sont pas intrinsèquement contradictoires, mais peuvent être des processus complémentaires.

The paper analyzes the ethno-demographic, identity and political development of the people of Bunjevci in Serbia. Numerous theories of ethnologists, historians, linguists and sociologists of religion about the origin, language and religion of the people of Bunjevci were presented, as well as the ethnopolitical development of the Bunjevci people, throughout history until today, by confronting different attitudes and answers to the question: are the Bunjevci more Serbs, Croats or a specific national community? The importance of national self-identification, i.e. the free declaration of the people of Bunjevci about their own national identity and the impact of changes during the census declaration on their population development, was highlighted. Viewed over time, the political development of the Bunjevci national minority in Serbia is characterized by turbulent changes, from denial to recognition of their national and cultural distinctiveness, the struggle not to assimilate into either the Croatian or the Serbian nation, which became a feature of their identity and preserved this ethnic community until today. Predictions are that the Bunjevac national minority in Serbia, without the formation of a modern socio-economic structure and cultural-political institutions, is in danger of disappearing by the end of the 21st century, like all other small linguistic communities, according to the opinion of many domestic and international expert. For the survival, demographic and cultural development of Bunjevci as a modern ethnic community, activities that contribute to the integration of the Bunjevci people and establish equal relations with all other ethnic communities, as well as with the wider socio-political environment, are necessary. For Bunjevci, as a long-disenfranchised and "erased" national community, the affirmation of one's own ethnic, linguistic and cultural identity is an important prerequisite for achieving equality and social integration as a special minority community. This primarily refers to the contestation and appropriation of everything that belongs to the Bunjevci by the Croatian national community in Vojvodina, as well as efforts to assimilate into the borders of Serbian culture and history. However, the accepted principles of multiculturalism in Serbia form the basis and guarantee for the affirmation of the Bunjevci people as a small nation and a chance for their overall faster development, for the preservation and improvement of all components of their ethnic identity, as well as full equality, both with the majority people and with all other nationalities in Serbia.