Suchergebnisse

This study aims to trace the roots of the notion of "urban landscape" within the debate on the protection of historic citiesduring the second half of the 20th century. The analysis is carried out through a comparison between Italy and France, whose legal systems are characterized by the public protection of cultural heritage.The analysis covers three main areas: the genealogy of the concept of urban landscape, its variations, and its relation with the theory of the historic centre; the development of legislation and its connection with the cultural debate; the outcomes in urban planning practice. To analyse the theoretical debate on urban landscape the main sources include the most important Italian and French professional periodicals. Urban planning outcomes are analyzed through two case studies on Turin and Lyon, developed by archive research. Although the French and Italian discourses of the post world war II decades have been particularly interesting for the cultural elaboration about preservation and promotion of urban heritage, both Italian and Frenchnotions of urban landscape didn't succeed in reaching substantial outcomes in term of legislation.The preservation and promotion of urban landscape are still open questions, and the concept of urban landscape as part of cultural heritage is still to be theorized, at least on a legislative level.This study attempts to contribute to this conceptualization. ; La recherche vise à retracer les origines de la notion de «paysage urbain» dans le débat sur la protection des villes historiques dans la deuxième partie du XXe siècle. Elle procède à une analyse comparée entre l'Italie et la France, dont le système juridique est caractérisé par la protection publique du patrimoine. L'analyse couvre les axes suivantes: la généalogie du terme, les variation de la notion et ses relations avec les théories relatives à la protection de la ville historique; le développement du système législatif et ses connexions possibles au débat culturel; la relation entre le débat théorique ...

This dissertation examines the responses that liberal culturalism and neo-Roman republicanism provide to the question of what position the democratic state should adopt in contexts characterized by the presence of individuals and groups who have different cultural and religious commitments to those of the majority culture and religion. Our study consists of an original and comparative theoretical reconstruction of the answers given to this question by eight dominant political theories within these two currents. Concerning liberal culturalism, this dissertation examines the answers given by the liberal theory of minority rights (Kymlicka), the perfectionist theory (Raz), the nationalist theory (Tamir) and the neutralist theory (Patten). Regarding the neo-Roman republicanism, this dissertation examines the theory of freedom and government (Pettit), the deliberative theory (Maynor), the critical theory (Laborde) and the republican patriotism (Viroli, Habermas and Laborde). This research is intended to contribute to the clarification and systematization of these theories and defend the idea that liberalism and republicanism are both philosophically compatible with the government consideration of cultural and religious diversity, in particular because of the adaptation of their fundamental principles to the contemporary pluricultural reality. ; Cette thèse examine les réponses que le culturalisme libéral et le républicanisme néo-romain donnent à la question de savoir quelle position l'État démocratique doit adopter dans des contextes caractérisés par la présence d'individus et de groupes ayant des engagements culturels et religieux différents de ceux de la culture et de la religion majoritaires. Notre étude constitue un exercice de reconstruction théorique original et comparatif de la réponse apportée à cette question par huit théories politiques dominantes se situant au sein de ces deux courants. En ce qui concerne le culturalisme libéral, la thèse examine les réponses apportées par la théorie du droit des minorités (Kymlicka), la théorie perfectionniste (Raz), la théorie nationaliste (Tamir) et la théorie neutraliste (Patten). Pour ce qui est du républicanisme néo-romain, la thèse examine la théorie de la liberté et du gouvernement (Pettit), la théorie délibérative (Maynor), la théorie critique (Laborde) et le patriotisme républicain (Viroli, Habermas et Laborde). Cette recherche se veut une contribution à la clarification et systématisation de ces théories, et une défense de l'idée selon laquelle le libéralisme et le républicanisme sont tous deux philosophiquement compatibles avec la prise en compte gouvernementale de la diversité culturelle et religieuse, notamment en raison de l'adaptation de leurs principes fondamentaux à la réalité pluriculturelle contemporaine.

The main goal of this dissertation is to propose a new reading and approach of Marco Polo's Travels, also known as the Devisement du monde, the Description of the World or Il Milione. This study is based both on Marco Polo's description of people living on the other side of the world and on the critical reception of his book. When Marco Polo left Venice, the prevailing opposition between West and East was mainly grounded in the duality opposing Christians and Saracens. However, through his travels and during his stay at Kubilai Khan's Mongol court, the young man embraced more complex issues relating to religious beliefs and practices related to philosophical movements barely known in the Western world."The observer of religions", as historian P. Ménard calls him, seems to be fascinated by the cultural and religious diversity he encounters during his stay in the Mongol empire. So, many differences with his own culture were difficult to absorb and to report. In this study, we particularly focus on the many versions and translations of these descriptions, written in a context of political and religious turmoil. Following the works of C. Dutschke and C. Gadrat on the reception theory applied to the Travels, this diachronic research is founded on ten manuscripts and six editions dating from the early 14th century until the late 19th century. The impact of Marco Polo's account is not studied here through the circulation of his Travels or according to the number of authors mentioning it in their own writings, but is rather established in relation to the text itself, along with the paratext, miniatures and illustrations. All these elements provide valuable information concerning its reception through ages, and about the expectations of the potential audience, which also evolved over time. All the versions and translations of our corpus have been digitized, and thanks to text analysis tools, we were able to reconcile close reading and data processing while analyzing the text. ; L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer ...

The main goal of this dissertation is to propose a new reading and approach of Marco Polo's Travels, also known as the Devisement du monde, the Description of the World or Il Milione. This study is based both on Marco Polo's description of people living on the other side of the world and on the critical reception of his book. When Marco Polo left Venice, the prevailing opposition between West and East was mainly grounded in the duality opposing Christians and Saracens. However, through his travels and during his stay at Kubilai Khan's Mongol court, the young man embraced more complex issues relating to religious beliefs and practices related to philosophical movements barely known in the Western world."The observer of religions", as historian P. Ménard calls him, seems to be fascinated by the cultural and religious diversity he encounters during his stay in the Mongol empire. So, many differences with his own culture were difficult to absorb and to report. In this study, we particularly focus on the many versions and translations of these descriptions, written in a context of political and religious turmoil. Following the works of C. Dutschke and C. Gadrat on the reception theory applied to the Travels, this diachronic research is founded on ten manuscripts and six editions dating from the early 14th century until the late 19th century. The impact of Marco Polo's account is not studied here through the circulation of his Travels or according to the number of authors mentioning it in their own writings, but is rather established in relation to the text itself, along with the paratext, miniatures and illustrations. All these elements provide valuable information concerning its reception through ages, and about the expectations of the potential audience, which also evolved over time. All the versions and translations of our corpus have been digitized, and thanks to text analysis tools, we were able to reconcile close reading and data processing while analyzing the text. ; L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer ...

The main goal of this dissertation is to propose a new reading and approach of Marco Polo's Travels, also known as the Devisement du monde, the Description of the World or Il Milione. This study is based both on Marco Polo's description of people living on the other side of the world and on the critical reception of his book. When Marco Polo left Venice, the prevailing opposition between West and East was mainly grounded in the duality opposing Christians and Saracens. However, through his travels and during his stay at Kubilai Khan's Mongol court, the young man embraced more complex issues relating to religious beliefs and practices related to philosophical movements barely known in the Western world."The observer of religions", as historian P. Ménard calls him, seems to be fascinated by the cultural and religious diversity he encounters during his stay in the Mongol empire. So, many differences with his own culture were difficult to absorb and to report. In this study, we particularly focus on the many versions and translations of these descriptions, written in a context of political and religious turmoil. Following the works of C. Dutschke and C. Gadrat on the reception theory applied to the Travels, this diachronic research is founded on ten manuscripts and six editions dating from the early 14th century until the late 19th century. The impact of Marco Polo's account is not studied here through the circulation of his Travels or according to the number of authors mentioning it in their own writings, but is rather established in relation to the text itself, along with the paratext, miniatures and illustrations. All these elements provide valuable information concerning its reception through ages, and about the expectations of the potential audience, which also evolved over time. All the versions and translations of our corpus have been digitized, and thanks to text analysis tools, we were able to reconcile close reading and data processing while analyzing the text. ; L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer ...

This study aims to trace the roots of the notion of "urban landscape" within the debate on the protection of historic citiesduring the second half of the 20th century. The analysis is carried out through a comparison between Italy and France, whose legal systems are characterized by the public protection of cultural heritage.The analysis covers three main areas: the genealogy of the concept of urban landscape, its variations, and its relation with the theory of the historic centre; the development of legislation and its connection with the cultural debate; the outcomes in urban planning practice. To analyse the theoretical debate on urban landscape the main sources include the most important Italian and French professional periodicals. Urban planning outcomes are analyzed through two case studies on Turin and Lyon, developed by archive research. Although the French and Italian discourses of the post world war II decades have been particularly interesting for the cultural elaboration about preservation and promotion of urban heritage, both Italian and Frenchnotions of urban landscape didn't succeed in reaching substantial outcomes in term of legislation.The preservation and promotion of urban landscape are still open questions, and the concept of urban landscape as part of cultural heritage is still to be theorized, at least on a legislative level.This study attempts to contribute to this conceptualization. ; La recherche vise à retracer les origines de la notion de «paysage urbain» dans le débat sur la protection des villes historiques dans la deuxième partie du XXe siècle. Elle procède à une analyse comparée entre l'Italie et la France, dont le système juridique est caractérisé par la protection publique du patrimoine. L'analyse couvre les axes suivantes: la généalogie du terme, les variation de la notion et ses relations avec les théories relatives à la protection de la ville historique; le développement du système législatif et ses connexions possibles au débat culturel; la relation entre le débat théorique et les pratiques d'urbanisme. Cette dernière question est analysée au moyen de deux cas d'étude, Turin et Lyon. Ces deux enquêtes ont été rendues possibles par des fonds d'archives. La reconstruction du débat théorique et de l'élaboration d'un appareil législatif repose, quant à elle, sur un corpus constitué par les principales revues professionnelles italiennes et françaises.Bien que les débats français et italiens des décennies d'après la Seconde Guerre mondiale aient élaboré un concept de paysage urbain comme patrimoine particulièrement intéressant, ils ne sont pas parvenus à être traduits dans des dispositions législatives substantielles. La protection et la mise en valeur du paysage urbain demeurent des questions ouvertes. La notion de paysage urbain en tant que patrimoine doit encore être théorisée, au moins sur le plan législatif.Cette étude tente de contribuer à cette conceptualisation.

The constituent act of contemporary cultural history was a blurring with the epistemological and methodological presuppositions of economic and social history. The new field of historiography, breaking with 'historical tradition', was based on the new 'materialism' and the theory of representation. An alarming and alarming issue is needed: to what extent are the conceptualisations and methodologies of contemporary history only new costumes for old history commitments? Does new materialism not disguise historians' old practice of gathering 'facts'? Does the representation theory not disguise the idea of mentalities? If the answer is affirmative, a new question should be asked: Are the great struggles in history not forgotten strategies that try to erase the memory of recent historiography and its cognitive effects? ; L'acte constitutif de l'histoire culturelle contemporaine était la coupure avec les presuppositions épistémologiques et méthodologiques de l'histoire économique et sociale. Le champ nouveau de l'historiographie, rompant avec »la tradition historiographique«, s'est fondé sur le nouveau »matérialisme« et sur la théorie de la réprésentation. Une question inquiétante cepandant s'impose: dans quelle mesure les conceptualisations et les méthodologies de l'histoire contemporaine ne sont que costumes nouveaux pour vieux engagements de l'histoire? Le matérialisme nouveau ne déguise-t-il pas la vieille pratique des historiens de rassembler des »faits«? La théorie de la réprésentation ne déguise-t-elle pas l'idée des méntalités? Si la réponse est affirmatif, il faut poser une nouvelle question: Les grandes luttes dans le champ de l'histoire ne sont-elles pas des stratégies d'oubli qui essaient d'effacer la mémoire de l'historiographie recente et de ses effets cognitifs?

International audience ; Following the waves of protest that rocked American society during the 1960s, and in order to address the enduring inequalities, the United States adopted a series of multicultural policies and programs aimed at promoting cultural diversity and greater social justice. From then on, the concept of multiculturalism gained considerable currency in national political discourses, the mainstream media and academic circles, becoming thereby a progressive approach to addressing race-based issues of which the American society had great difficulty grappling with. Despite the hopes multicultural programs raised among racial and ethnic minorities, and even if the figures at the time seemed to reflect a more inclusive welfare state, it appeared, as early as the 1980s, that America had not yet entered into a post-civil rights era. Yet, neo-conservatives undertook to dismantle key social programs related to multiculturalism, and instead subscribed to the ideal of an American society organized solely on the basis of social justice regardless of colour, "race" or ethnic origin. The article primarily examines the theoretical and political issues raised by multiculturalism and Critical Race Theory in the field of education – the first accused of reproducing at another level patterns of racial domination or serving as an instrument for the deracialization of American society, the second, in reaction to the perceived limits of multiculturalism and neoliberal policies, seeks to unveil the institutional and discursive mechanisms that contribute to the perpetuation of racial inequalities. ; Del multiculturalismo a la Teoría Racial Crítica. Reflexiones sobre la educación y los procesos de desracialización de la experiencia afroamericanaTras las olas de protesta que hicieron tambalear la sociedad estadounidense durante los 60, y ante la persistente desigualdad, los Estados Unidos han adoptado una serie de políticas y programas multiculturales destinados a promover la diversidad cultural y una mayor justicia social. El concepto de multiculturalismo se hizo entonces cada vez más popular a través del discurso político nacional, los medios de comunicación y el mundo académico, estableciéndose así como un enfoque progresivo para abordar la cuestión racial que la sociedad estadounidense estaba teniendo grandes dificultades para comprender. A pesar de las esperanzas planteadas por esta política de reconocimiento, e incluso si las encuestas parecían reflejar entonces un estado de bienestar más inclusivo, parece, desde principios de la década de 1980, que Estados Unidos no había entrado por completo en un periodo posterior a las luchas por los derechos civicos. Sin embargo, los neoconservadores se habían comprometido a desmantelar los programas de multiculturalismo, suscribiéndose al ideal de una sociedad estadounidense organizada únicamente sobre la base de la justicia social independientemente de la raza u origen étnico. Este artículo analiza las cuestiones teóricas y políticas planteadas por el multiculturalismo y la Teoria Racial Crítica en el campo de la educación - el primero acusado de reproducir a otro nivel el patrón de dominación racial o incluso de ser un instrumento de la desracialización de la sociedad estadounidense, el segundo, en respuesta a las limitaciones percibidas de las políticas multiculturales liberales y neoliberales, busca exponer los mecanismos institucionales y discursivos que contribuyen a la perpetuación de las desigualdades raciales. ; À la suite des vagues de contestation qui ébranlèrent la société américaine au cours des années 1960 et face aux inégalités persistantes, les États-Unis ont adopté toute une série de politiques et de programmes multiculturels visant à promouvoir la diversité culturelle et une plus grande justice sociale. Le concept de multiculturalisme connut alors une popularité croissante à travers les discours politiques nationaux, les médias et le monde académique, s'imposant de ce fait comme une approche progressive pour aborder la problématique raciale dont la société américaine éprouvait beaucoup de difficultés à se saisir. En dépit des espoirs suscités par cette politique de reconnaissance et même si les sondages semblent alors refléter un État-providence plus inclusif, il apparaît, dès le début des années 1980, que l'Amérique n'était pas intégralement entrée dans une ère post-droits civiques. Pour autant, les néoconservateurs avaient entrepris de démanteler les programmes issus du multiculturalisme, en souscrivant à l'idéal d'une société américaine organisée uniquement sur la base d'une justice sociale sans égard à la « race » ou à l'origine ethnique. Cet article s'intéresse aux enjeux théoriques et politiques soulevés par le multiculturalisme et la Critical Race Theory dans le domaine de l'éducation – le premier accusé de reproduire à un autre niveau le schéma de la domination raciale voire d'être un instrument de déracialisation de la société américaine ; le second, en réaction aux limites perçues des politiques multiculturelles libérales et néolibérales, s'attache à dévoiler les mécanismes institutionnels et discursifs qui contribuent à la perpétuation des inégalités raciales.

This thesis aims to bring a new understanding of anticonsumption activism. Theliterature on social movements conceptualizes activism as political or cultural actions. In this study, we rely on the convention theory to highlight the underlying rules of anticonsumption activism. Based on ethnographical data and phenomenological interviews, we explain, first, anticonsumption activism through the orders model. Then, we question the competence of activists to criticize the conventions of the orders model. Finally, this critical competence allows us to analyze the rules of a new convention coordinating anticonsumption activism. This activist convention has implication for managers, by giving them knowledge on anticonsumption activism. ; Cette thèse vise à apporter une nouvelle compréhension du militantisme anticonsumériste. La littérature sur les mouvements sociaux conceptualise les actions militantes soit comme des actions politiques soit comme une défense de certaines valeurs culturelles. Dans cette étude, nous nous appuyons sur la théorie des conventions pour mettre en lumière les règles sous-jacentes au militantismeanticonsumériste. En nous basant sur des données ethnographiques et des entretiensphénoménologiques, nous expliquons, tout d'abord, les actions militantesanticonsuméristes à travers les conventions du modèle des cités. Puis, nous nousinterrogeons sur la capacité des militants anticonsuméristes à critiquer les conventions déjà établies. Enfin, cette capacité critique nous permet d'analyser les règles d'une nouvelle convention coordonnant les actions militantes anticonsuméristes. Cette convention militante a des implications managériales, notamment en dotant les marketeurs de connaissances sur les actions anticonsuméristes.

This thesis aims to bring a new understanding of anticonsumption activism. Theliterature on social movements conceptualizes activism as political or cultural actions. In this study, we rely on the convention theory to highlight the underlying rules of anticonsumption activism. Based on ethnographical data and phenomenological interviews, we explain, first, anticonsumption activism through the orders model. Then, we question the competence of activists to criticize the conventions of the orders model. Finally, this critical competence allows us to analyze the rules of a new convention coordinating anticonsumption activism. This activist convention has implication for managers, by giving them knowledge on anticonsumption activism. ; Cette thèse vise à apporter une nouvelle compréhension du militantisme anticonsumériste. La littérature sur les mouvements sociaux conceptualise les actions militantes soit comme des actions politiques soit comme une défense de certaines valeurs culturelles. Dans cette étude, nous nous appuyons sur la théorie des conventions pour mettre en lumière les règles sous-jacentes au militantismeanticonsumériste. En nous basant sur des données ethnographiques et des entretiensphénoménologiques, nous expliquons, tout d'abord, les actions militantesanticonsuméristes à travers les conventions du modèle des cités. Puis, nous nousinterrogeons sur la capacité des militants anticonsuméristes à critiquer les conventions déjà établies. Enfin, cette capacité critique nous permet d'analyser les règles d'une nouvelle convention coordonnant les actions militantes anticonsuméristes. Cette convention militante a des implications managériales, notamment en dotant les marketeurs de connaissances sur les actions anticonsuméristes.

International audience ; Dans une économie de la culture largement dominée par le modèle de l'intervention publique, l'entrepreneuriat a longtemps été vécu comme une incongruité, voire un dévoiement de l'activité créatrice. Devenu aujourd'hui réalité tant dans le discours que dans les faits, il continue de susciter la controverse. L'artiste, l'acteur culturel, est-il un entrepreneur ? Doit-il considérer l'entreprise comme un objectif ou un outil ? L'entrepreneuriat culturel relève-t-il du champ du libéralisme économique ou de l'économie sociale et solidaire ?

Les bouleversements climatiques sans précédent dans l'histoire de notre espèce que l'on connaît aujourd'hui ne peuvent être cantonnés à la sphère environnementale. Ils sont liés, par ce qui les cause, à l'ensemble de nos sociétés, de nos cultures et du système économique dominant. Il convient d'adopter une approche de plus en plus comparatiste et transdisciplinaire afin de répondre à une urgence globale. Sans analyser les crises écologiques et en s'appuyant sur les spécificités culturelles d'un corpus français, Stéphanie Posthumus propose d'allier la théorie et la fiction pour créer de nouveaux concepts permettant d'articuler des subjectivités inédites. Cette alliance se fait par des lectures « écologiques », qui feront émerger quatre concepts phares : la subjectivité écologique, l'habitat écologique, l'écologie politique et les fins écologiques. Tous sont interreliés et essentiels pour repenser les hommes et leur relation à leur environnement. Avançant par questionnements autant que par réponses, S. Posthumus nous conduit à nous interroger sur la relation entre l'humain et la nature, autant que sur le rôle (actuel et futur) de la littérature dans un monde en transformation. ; The 21st century is marked by unprecedented environmental issues and the climate change. These dramatic have a direct impact on societies all over the planet. Yet actually, our globalized societies, our consumption culture and our economic system are the source for many environmental issues and especially climate change. In order to find a proper response to this global emergency, we need a comparatist and transdisciplinary approach. For example, Stephanie Posthumus proposes to analyze the current ecological crisis by using literary theory and fiction instead of focusing on scientific theory, in order to create new concepts which give rise to new subjectivities. Her approach is based on the cultural specificities of French literature. By unifying literary theory and fiction, Posthumus uses, while creating it, the approach of "ecological readings". This approach has four key concepts : "ecological subjectivity", "ecological dwelling", "ecological politic" and "ecological ends". They are interconnected and central to the goal that aims to rethink humans and their environment. The author's argument is shaped through questions as well as responses, and it leads us to challenge our point of views about our relation to nature, but also on the present and future role played by literature in a changing and unstable world.

Les bouleversements climatiques sans précédent dans l'histoire de notre espèce que l'on connaît aujourd'hui ne peuvent être cantonnés à la sphère environnementale. Ils sont liés, par ce qui les cause, à l'ensemble de nos sociétés, de nos cultures et du système économique dominant. Il convient d'adopter une approche de plus en plus comparatiste et transdisciplinaire afin de répondre à une urgence globale. Sans analyser les crises écologiques et en s'appuyant sur les spécificités culturelles d'un corpus français, Stéphanie Posthumus propose d'allier la théorie et la fiction pour créer de nouveaux concepts permettant d'articuler des subjectivités inédites. Cette alliance se fait par des lectures «écologiques», qui feront émerger quatre concepts phares: la subjectivité écologique, l'habitat écologique, l'écologie politique et les fins écologiques. Tous sont interreliés et essentiels pour repenser les hommes et leur relation à leur environnement. Avançant par questionnements autant que par réponses, S. Posthumus nous conduit à nous interroger sur la relation entre l'humain et la nature, autant que sur le rôle (actuel et futur) de la littérature dans un monde en transformation. ; The 21st century is marked by unprecedented environmental issues and the climate change. These dramatic have a direct impact on societies all over the planet. Yet actually, our globalized societies, our consumption culture and our economic system are the source for many environmental issues and especially climate change. In order to find a proper response to this global emergency, we need a comparatist and transdisciplinary approach. For example, Stephanie Posthumus proposes to analyze the current ecological crisis by using literary theory and fiction instead of focusing on scientific theory, in order to create new concepts which give rise to new subjectivities. Her approach is based on the cultural specificities of French literature. By unifying literary theory and fiction, Posthumus uses, while creating it, the approach of "ecological readings". This approach has four key concepts : "ecological subjectivity", "ecological dwelling", "ecological politic" and "ecological ends". They are interconnected and central to the goal that aims to rethink humans and their environment. The author's argument is shaped through questions as well as responses, and it leads us to challenge our point of views about our relation to nature, but also on the present and future role played by literature in a changing and unstable world.

From Cybercultural studies to new Web science, Media and Communication theory engage in analyzing scientific models of the Internet that are mostly homogeneous : models built on the faith in the universal language of networked information and tending to creating norms and/or rules for network communication. There are new cultural, economical and even political institutions appearing that rely on a vehicular model that is widely accepted, although criticized.In my thesis I come back to the sources of this criticism by opening a vernacular perspective, which is a concept borrowed from socio-linguistics and reinterpreted under the light of network culture. It allows to think about the relation between values (the vulgar, the popular, the trivial) and media practices of groups manifested as Internet folklore. From the point of view of a local theory (Jacques Perriault), the vernacular perspective opens a field of analysis understood as composite (Joëlle Le Marec), that is a complex of unstable relations between discourse and matter, technologies and their uses, practices, representations and norms. Folklore, by definition formalist and traditional, transforms itself within network culture to become a media process based on appropriation and commentary, two of the most crucial characteristics of the Internet thought of as meta-medium (Philip Agre). Folklore and vernacular provide important elements to sketch a cultural theory of information and communication in terms of « triviality »' (Yves Jeanneret) – a culture defined by is mediations and transformations. This thesis, by investigating archeologically the archives of Internet's micro-history to dig out its folklore, analyzes dynamically contexts that have allowed the social information of contemporary network culture.Studying two periods of network history that are defined partly by the tools of access to the Internet (Usenet in the 80's and early 90's and the Web 1.0 in the 90's and the 2000's), my research takes a close look at how Internet folklore is invented, ...

From Cybercultural studies to new Web science, Media and Communication theory engage in analyzing scientific models of the Internet that are mostly homogeneous : models built on the faith in the universal language of networked information and tending to creating norms and/or rules for network communication. There are new cultural, economical and even political institutions appearing that rely on a vehicular model that is widely accepted, although criticized.In my thesis I come back to the sources of this criticism by opening a vernacular perspective, which is a concept borrowed from socio-linguistics and reinterpreted under the light of network culture. It allows to think about the relation between values (the vulgar, the popular, the trivial) and media practices of groups manifested as Internet folklore. From the point of view of a local theory (Jacques Perriault), the vernacular perspective opens a field of analysis understood as composite (Joëlle Le Marec), that is a complex of unstable relations between discourse and matter, technologies and their uses, practices, representations and norms. Folklore, by definition formalist and traditional, transforms itself within network culture to become a media process based on appropriation and commentary, two of the most crucial characteristics of the Internet thought of as meta-medium (Philip Agre). Folklore and vernacular provide important elements to sketch a cultural theory of information and communication in terms of « triviality »' (Yves Jeanneret) – a culture defined by is mediations and transformations. This thesis, by investigating archeologically the archives of Internet's micro-history to dig out its folklore, analyzes dynamically contexts that have allowed the social information of contemporary network culture.Studying two periods of network history that are defined partly by the tools of access to the Internet (Usenet in the 80's and early 90's and the Web 1.0 in the 90's and the 2000's), my research takes a close look at how Internet folklore is invented, ...