Preferences and ways of life have in the literature been described as both stable and forever malleable. The Theory of Socio-Cultural Viability, of cultural theory for short, is approaching the puzzle from the angle of Anthropology and is commonly used in Political Science. In order to not only test the theory's value and reliability, but also to develop new ways of employing it in assessing individuals' and groups' biases, the present dissertation is structured into three co-dependent papers. The first study, Four Angles to Every Issue, investigates in how far an open-ended discussion of wicked problems leads to an emergence of all four cultures, as predicted by the theory, and supports the assumption of clustering and polarization of preferences in open debates. The second paper, Measuring the Malleable, then takes the analysis to the individual level. The results show that they do in fact remain the same within one context, but do not across life domains. This supports the assumption of multiple selves in the theory and is in line with much of psychological research. The third article then builds on this idea by illuminating cultural theory's overlap with multiple theories from the field of Psychology. By identifying overlaps and potential links, the paper is able to explain the underlying processes and mechanisms of cultural theory with psychological findings. The last chapter is the general discussion, which offers a synthesis of the presented findings, as well as options for further research. Continuing in the direction that this thesis has shown would allow a better understanding of human interaction and bias formation, as well as transmissions. The focus should from here on out lie on the mechanisms that enable the identified processes and thereby allow a better and more holistic understanding of how biases come about and change malleably.
This thesis explores how cultural heritage plays a role in the development of urban identity by engaging both actively and passively with memory, i.e. remembering and forgetting. I argue that architectural heritage is a medium where specific cultural and social decisions form its way of presentation, and it reflects the values and interests of the period. By the process of remembering and forgetting, the meanings between inhabitant and object in urban environment are practiced, and the meanings are created. To enable the research in narrative observation, cultural tourism management is chosen as the main research object, which reflects the alteration of interaction between the architectural heritage and urban identity. Identifying the role of heritage management, the definition of social resilience and the prospects of cultural heritage as a means of social resilience are addressed. Case region of the research is East Ger- many, thereby, the study examines the distinct approaches and objectives regarding heritage management under the different political systems along the German reunification process. The framework is based on various theoretical paradigms to investigate the broad research questions: 1) What is the role of historic urban quarters in the revitalisation of East German towns? 2) How was the transition processed by cultural heritage management? 3) How did policy affect residents' lives? The case study is applied to macro level (city level: Gotha and Eisenach) and micro level study (object level: specific heritage sites), to analyse the performance of selective remembering and making tourist destination through giving significance to specific heritage. By means of site observations, archival research, qualitative inter- views, photographs, and discourse analysis on printed tourism materials, the study demonstrates that certain sites and characteristics of the city enable creating and focusing messages, which aids the social resilience. Combining theory and empirical studies this thesis attempts to widen the academic discussion regarding the practice of remembering and forgetting driven by cultural heritage. The thesis argues for cultural heritage tourism as an element of social resilience and one that embraces the historic and cultural identity of the inhabitants.
Flood has been the most devastating natural disaster in the world which has often impacted negatively on the socio-cultural organization of human societies. In Nigeria, flood has been reported to affect and displace more people than any other disaster. It also causes more damage to property. Flood disasters are been perilous to people, communities and institutions. Recently, Nigeria, especially the Niger Delta area was affected by flooding chasing most inhabitants away from their socio-cultural and economic heritage. While Bayelsa State was recorded as one of the worst affected, the case of Southern Ijaw LGA was most lamentable. The study examined the socio-cultural effects of flooding in Bayelsa State: A case study of Southern Ijaw LGA. In this study, a descriptive survey design was used. Systems theory was adopted as theoretical framework for the study. A combination of cluster and purposive sampling techniques were adopted while the instruments of questionnaire, interview schedules and focus group discussion were utilized. The sample population for the study was three hundred and eighty six (n = 386). The study revealed that the people of Southern Ijaw were devastated by 2012 flooding and their socio-cultural heritage was severely affected. Specific socio-cultural effects of flooding on the people of Southern Ijaw Local Government Area include amongst others; displacement of communities, rendering families homeless, disruption of business activities and vulnerability to various forms of crimes, etc. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p1443
The cultural politics of education/pedagogy in Iran after the 1979 revolution has been closely entangled with the state's post-revolution ideology. As a result of this intermingling, an exclusionary, hegemonic and homogenising approach has been developed by the dominant cultural/pedagogic institutions in Iran, leading to censoring and banning cultural products that do not comply with the state's revolutionary causes. The current thesis pursues two related purposes: to examine how the Iranian society after the revolution has been depicted in the works excluded from the state's cultural sphere, and to see how these works represent a conception of subjectivity. With these purposes in mind, Shahriar Mandanipour's (2009) novel, Censoring an Iranian Love Story, and Mahmoud Dowlatabadi's (2012) novel, The Colonel, as two examples of banned/excluded literary works have been selected. The notion of exclusion, which has been taken synonymous with censorship in this research, is examined from two perspectives: Ranciere's aesthetic theory, and the Foucauldian notion of power-knowledge. This has been done in order to address the gap existing in the academic study of censorship in Iran after the revolution. While these two approaches have been used to explain the way through which censorship works in post-revolution Iran, the novels in question have been analysed through a Lacanian theory of subjectivity. A psychoanalytic transferential reading approach coupled with a close reading approach have been used as a method for reading and analysing the novels. Based on the analysis made, it was shown that in Mandanipour's novel the notion of love/sexuality, as an embodiment of lack in the Lacanian ontological argument, is set against the hegemonic positioning of the state, and in Dowlatabadi's novel the utopian, homogenising ideology of the state has been challenged through the depiction of the demise of a revolutionary family.
The present study examines the communication experiences of young Korean immigrants and their psychological adjustment in the United States.
Y. Y. Kim's (1988, 2001) Cross-cultural Adaptation Theory provides the basis for offering an explanation of the theoretical linkage between host communication competence, host/ethnic interpersonal communication, host/ethnic mass communication and psychological adjustment in the United States. A self-reported structured survey questionnaire was collected from 81 young Korean immigrants. The results show that key research variables are significantly related to the psychological adjustment of young Korean immigrants. The findingsof this study have theoretical implication that communication is at the heart of successful adaptation experiences among young immigrants. The practical implication is also discussed.
International students in Malaysian universities face uncertainty and anxiety toward a multi-new culture, a must-encountered cultural shock. This study investigated the relationship between superficial causes of AUM theory and uncertainty and anxiety in a high-context culture. In this study, 388 international students from different faculties were chosen through a method called stratified random sampling, which sampled two public universities with the largest number and richest nationalities of international students. The researchers used a self-administered questionnaire to gather information from the participants, which was analyzed by AMOS and applied to the validation of theoretical construct through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), and other statistical methods were employed to analyze the data and test seven hypotheses. The findings of the study showed that five superficial causes affect the management of uncertainty and anxiety in AUM theory. The results of this study have important implications for Malaysian public universities in terms of understanding the factors that influence uncertainty and anxiety management among students.
Der Autor wagt sich – wie viele vor ihm – daran, eine "allgemeine Medientheorie" formulieren zu wollen und scheitert – wie ebenso viele vor ihm – an den grundlegenden Aporien der Moderne. Sein Versuch, oppositionelle wissenschaftstheoretische Ansätze wie Systemtheorie und Poststrukturalismus interdisziplinär zu versöhnen und fruchtbar zu machen, verläuft sich in außergewöhnlicher Präzision, die letztendlich aber zur Redundanz ausartet. Ein kritischer und strenger Lektor hätte diesem opus doctum sed non docendum wahrscheinlich gut getan ... Schade, die Ausgangsüberlegung von Mathias Spohr nämlich besticht durch Originalität: Die "Per-version" der Maßstäbe des Messens von einem Divinum zu einem Humanum und letztendlich zum Digitalum begründe medial die Paradoxien der Moderne und per-vertiere den Menschen letztendlich vom homo universalis zum homo functionalis.
How is cultural otherness any different from the historical otherness already found in our existing canons of thought? This essay examines an influential Chinese conversation that raised a similar question in struggling with its own parochialism. Claiming that all "Western" knowledge originated in China, these Chinese reformers see the differences presented by foreign knowledge as identical to those already authorizing innovation within their existing activity of knowledge-production. Noting that current academic theory-production treats the otherness of past authors in a similar way, I argue that we must broach something like a China-origins claim if we are to see typically marginalized ("non-Western") thought as part of what disciplines our thought, rather than serves simply as its target of inclusion. Doing so, we blur self/foreign binaries and enable future innovation of thought on radically new terms.
The purpose of this study is to examining the management of the formation of Habermas public Sphere theory in Instagram and Telegram networks. The research method is survey. Statistical Society of this research is the users of social networks (telegram and Instagram). according to the Cochrane formula statistical sample is 384 people. Using purposive non-random sampling method the Statistical samples was selected and the data were analyzed by Pearson correlation method. The results showed that There is a significant relationship between free access to the Internet and social networks, rational critique of political economic social and cultural issues, rational criticism of the government, free dialogue and the formation of the public sphere. There is a difference between the formation of the public Sphere in social networks and the level of education. There is a difference between the formation of the public Sphere in social networks and individuals' age, but There is not much difference between the formation of the public Sphere in social networks and gender.
This collective monograph, titled Kosta P. Manojlović and the Idea of Slavic and Balkan Cultural Unificaton (1918–1941), is the result of research by fourteen scholars from Russia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Portugal, Great Britain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia, which were partly presented at an international conference organized by the Muzikološki institut SANU [Institute of Musicology SASA] in November 2016. Kosta P. Manojlović (1890–1946) is one of the most important Serbian musicians and musical intellectuals of the interwar period. His musical activities were diverse and fuitful. As a composer, he was a proponent of the "national style", which was primarily reflected in choral music. In this domain he left pieces of lasting value, such as Sever duva [The North Wind blows] for the mixed choir. His melographic and ethnomusicological work dedicated to Serbian musical folklore is of great significance. He was a pioneer of Serbian musical historiography and a proliferous critic who collaborated with numerous journals and dailies from Yugoslavia and abroad. Kosta Manojlović was also a long-standing Choirmaster of the Beogradsko pevačko društvo [Belgrade Choral Society] and the Pevačko društvo "Mokranjac" [Mokranjac Choral Society]. An important part of his activities was devoted to the administration of musical organizations and institutions. For instance, Manojlović was one of the founders and the Secretary-General of the Južnoslovenski pevački savez [South-Slav Choral Union]. Among his most important achievements in this respect was the opening of the Muzička akademija [Music Academy] in Belgrade in 1937, where he served as the first Chancellor. Research on Kosta Manojlović is scant. In 1990, the Faculty of Music in Belgrade published an anthology titled U spomen Koste P. Manojlovića, kompozitora i etnomuzikologa [Kosta P. Manojlović, composer and ethnomusicologist. In memoriam], comprised mostly of students' papers dedicated to the investigation of his various activities. Insights on Manojlović's contributions can be found in a number of studies by Serbian musicologists and ethnomusicologists, but a detailed monograph devoted to his life and works has not yet been published, nor has a complete bibliography of his writings. For that reason, scholars from the Institute of Musicology SASA in Belgrade resolved to organize an international conference and to prepare a collective monograph focusing on Manojlović's diverse accomplishments. Traces of dominant and less influential ideological and political currents of the first half of the 20th century can be observed in Manojlović's work. As such, the editors decided to bring to light the historical and cultural settings in which Manojlović acted, and more thoroughly examine his numerous activities. This volume is divided into five parts, an introductory section and four thematic units. The introduction comprises one study: Ivana Vesić (Belgrade) and Vesna Peno (Belgrade) have given an overview of Kosta Manojlović's social "networking" and ideological horizons in Yugoslav public and musical spheres from 1919 to 1949, focusing on less well-known facts from his life and the biographies of his fellow composers and musical intellectuals. The first thematic part, titled Balkan and Slavic peoples in the first half of the 20th century: Intercultural contacts, contains three studies. Olga Pashina (Moscow) explores cultural relations between Slavic peoples on the example of the concert tours of Ivan T. Ryabinin, a famous Russian story teller, to Serbia and Bulgaria in 1902. Stefanka Georgieva (Stara Zagora) analyzes the presence of the idea of Slavic cultural unification in Bulgarian musical culture of the interwar period, concentrating on collaborations of various kinds between Yugoslav and Bulgarian musicians, including Kosta P. Manojlović. Ivan Ristić (Kruševac) examines Manojlović's work on Yugoslav-Bulgarian cultural rapprochement, taking into consideration the political and cultural relations between the two countries during the 1920s. The second part, made up of four studies, is titled The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/Yugoslavia between ideology and reality. As Secretary-General of the South-Slav Choral Union [SSCS] (1924–1932), Kosta Manojlović was faced with the complex issue of creating an internal institutional arrangement of this national organization. Strong disagreements over the Union's structure and authority indicate the marked polarization of views on the national question in the Kingdom of SCS/Yugoslavia. Biljana Milanović (Belgrade) discusses Manojlović's contribution to the foundation and policies of the SSCS, while Nada Bezić (Zagreb) focuses on relations between the Hrvatski pjevački savez [Croatian Choral Union] and the SSCS from 1924 to 1934. Srđan Atanasovski (Belgrade) investigates Kosta Manojlović's research into musical folklore from the perspective of interwar narratives on "Southern Serbia". Ivana Vesić (Belgrade) centers on Manojlović's collaboration with the Balkanski institut [Institute for Balkan Studies] (1934–1941), taking into account his views on the unification of Balkan and Slavic peoples. The third part, titled Kosta P. Manojlović and church music, contains three papers. Vesna Peno (Belgrade) examines Manojović's role in the construction of theory of Belgrade church chant. Bogdan Đaković (Novi Sad) brings this composer's ecclesiastical choral music into focus, along with his compositional procedures and style. Ivan Moody (Lisbon) considers the approach of Serbian and Bulgarian composers of church music to problems of tradition and modernity in the early 20th century. Finally, the fourth part is comprised of papers that deal with Kosta P. Manojlović as choirmaster, critic and pedagogue. Verica Grmuša (London) explores Manojlović's various activities during his studies of music at Oxford University from 1917 to 1919. Predrag Đoković (Sarajevo) discusses Manojlović's performance and analysis of early music in the interwar years. Aleksandar Vasić (Belgrade) explores Manojlović's achievements in musical criticism, concentrating on his writings published between the two wars in Belgrade's music journals. The final years of Manojlović's life, including his position in newly founded communist Yugoslavia, are surveyed by Ivana Medić (Belgrade). This monograph is the result of interdisciplinary and multifocal research into Kosta Manojlović's life and works. We hope it will stimulate further investigation into the invaluable contributions of this Serbian composer and intellectual to music production, education and research. ; This collective monograph, titled Kosta P. Manojlović and the Idea of Slavic and Balkan Cultural Unificaton (1918-1941), is the result of research by fourteen scholars from Russia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Portugal, Great Britain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia, which were partly presented at an international conference organized by the Muzikološki institut SANU (Institute of Musicology SASA) in November 2016.
Does the way in which people do gender influence their career advancement strategies? Based on semi-structured interviews with Saudi women senior managers and drawing from the postcolonial feminist theory, we discover in this study that it does. We show that Saudi women choosing to do gender well, the Sailing Through cohort, achieve career advancement by amplifying their commitment to family responsibilities, enacting respectful femininity, and invoking family associations to build winning alliances. We describe this form of resistance as crafty agency. In contrast, Saudi women choosing to do gender differently, the Trailblazing cohort, achieve their advancement goals by acting in a serious, composed, and competitive manner, investing in their human and professional capital, and effectively using self-promotion and self-advocacy. We describe this form of resistance as determined agency. Overall, our study demonstrates that Saudi women's agency is not fixed, or definite, or passive but rather it is fluid, multifaceted, and transformational. This article contributes to gender studies by showing how different stances on doing gender drive the reinvention of gender identities and pursuit of alternative career advancement strategies. It also provides a nuanced understanding of how Saudi women attain senior management positions as they navigate the messiness and contradictions of gender roles and gendered contexts, agency, doing gender well and doing gender differently, and career advancement strategies.
Berber Bevernage does not share the pessimistic view that the philosophy of history is in crisis or coming to an end: it can have a bright and fascinating future. However in order to remain relevant, he argues, philosophy of history should look beyond academic historiography and transform into a broad 'philosophy of historicities' that also pays attention to the wide variety of extra-academic ways of dealing with the past. In order to do this current philosophy of history has to overcome a number challenges. First, it has to recognise that academic historiography did not develop in an intellectual vacuum but is closely related to particular social, cultural and political presuppositions about time and historicity on which it is partly dependent but which it can also reinforce or contradict. Second, it should recognise that different approaches to time and historicity have different social, cultural and political functions and not restrict its focus to philosophy of science or epistemological/cognitive issues. Third, it should focus on the ethics of history. This article is part of the forum 'Theoretical History'.
This paper argues that a new theory of community industrial relations is needed that recognises fewer boundaries between work and family. The theory needs to recognise a mutual exchange between the traditional "actors" in the industrial relationship (unions, employers and the government) and "interactors" in the community rather than continue to assume a separation between the external and internal industrial environment that has underpinned traditional industrial relations theory. More importantly the theory needs to be gender inclusive and recognise the important role played by women as a link between industrial actors and the community. The paper presents examples of community‐union activity to illustrate the reality of the decrease in separation between community and industrial parties. In so doing the paper draws on the experiences of female partners of male unionists in traditional male workplaces. The paper proposes a new gender inclusive model of community industrial relations. Based on this model the paper proposes a new theory of community industrial relations in which interchange occurs between the traditional industrial relations actors and various groups of interactors within the community within the broader social/cultural, economic, political, and legal environment, for mutual advantage of all parties. This theory is in its formative stage and this requires further testing before it can be claimed as a general theory.
ÖZETBu tezin amacı, İngiliz yazar Angela Carter'ın son iki kitabinda metinlerarasındalık, yeniden yazma ve yapıbozma gibi postmodern stratejilerin patriarkal toplumu tersyüz etmek için nasıl kullandığını araştırmaktır. 1984 yılında yayınlanan Nights at the Circus, fantaziden yola çıkarak kadın vücudunun ve kadın kimliğinin nasıl "öteki" konumuna ve bir obje haline getirildiğini araştırır. 1991 yılında yayınlanan son kitabı Wise Children ise, kadın kimliğinin nasıl "öteki" olarak görülüp gayri-meşru konumuna getirildiğini parodi kullanarak analiz eder. Tezde bu iki kitabın patriarkal eğilimin açıklayamadığı şeyleri nasıl marjinalize ettiğini gösterip, aynı zamanda sosyal yapıları oluşturan süreci yapıbozarak nasıl iyimser bir mesaj verdikleri araştırılacaktır. Her iki eser de eril anlatıları analiz ederek bunlara karşı bir eleştiri oluşturdukları için politik bir boyuta sahiptirler.Tezde, öncelikle bu postmodern stratejilerin teorik temeli ve feminist teoriye katkıları verilmiş, "gerçeküstü realizm" ve Mikhail Bakhtin'in "karnavallaşma" üzerine düşünceleri tahrip edici stratejileriyle özetlenmiştir. Daha sonra Carter'ın romanlarında kadın sorununu ele alış biçimine ışık tutmak için feminist teorinin yirminci yüzyılda katettiği yol izlenmiştir. Sonraki bölümlerde ise bu postmodern ve feminist stratejilerin bu iki romanda nasıl kullanıldıkları irdelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bağımsız bir kadın tarihinin gerekliliği ve toplum içinde farklılıkların beraber varolmasının önemi vurgulanmıştır.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this thesis is to discover in Angela Carter's works how postmodern strategies such as intertextuality, rewriting, decentring, and deconstruction have been used as part of her endeavour to debunk and deconstruct the patriarchal society. Her penultimate novel, Nights at the Circus, published in 1984, employs fantasy to discover the bearings for the ways in which the female body and female identity have been pushed into margins and made into an object. Her last novel, Wise Children, published in 1991, employs parody in order to delienate how female identity has been hailed as the Other as woman is ordinarily confined to illegitimacy. Both works will be examined in terms of how the texts make explicit the patriarchal tendency to push to the margins of experience whatever it cannot explain or understand yet evince an optimistic tone in their deconstruction of the processes that produce social structures and shared meanings, evident in the way in which the given "realities" by female protagonists regarded as the Other disrupt the social construction of women as Woman. Both works have a political dimension in that they provide an acute analysis of and critique to the coercive and stereotyping narratives which uphold misogynist values leaving stratified deposits on the society.The thesis will firstly sketch the course of postmodern theory with its imports to feminist thought and briefly summarise "magic realism" and Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of the "carnivalesque" with their subversive strategies. Having mapped this, the development of feminist theory in the twentieth century will be backtracked in order to provide an insight to the feminist concerns dealt with in the works of Carter. This established, in the ensuing chapters, Nights at the Circus and Wise Children will be analysed in terms of the way in which they are flooded with and can be read through the concerns of postmodernism and feminism with their subversive strategies. Last, and most tentatively, the thesis will be concluded with laying specific stress on the necessity of herstory and the polyphonic co-existence of differences.
