Suchergebnisse

Political judgments are made in uncertainty and with incomplete information; persuasion happens in the realm of probability, and the sedimentation of these judgments and decisions produces a story that it could have been different. Although contingency is the underlying assumption of political theory, theorists in this field they do not always mean the same when they use this concept. This article expands the The distinction between two forms of contingency operates on Gaonkar's (2001) distinction between internal and external contingency. The contingency currently has two possible meanings: 1) the contingency refers to historical / cultural / social phenomena of the past that have settled, or 2) the contingency refers to characteristics of decision-making and human action in the present or in the future. The contingency describes not only the scope of the policy, but also it becomes a political-rhetorical concept in itself. By focusing on these two senses, this article demonstrates how the topic not only focuses on the details of a situation of this nature, but also it transforms our understanding of what a contingent situation is. ; Los juicios políticos se hacen en la incertidumbre y con información incompleta; la persuasión ocurre en el ámbito de la probabilidad, y la sedimentación de estos juicios y decisiones produce una historia que pudo haber sido diferente. Aunque la contingencia es el supuesto de base de la teoría política, los teóricos en este campo no siempre quieren decir lo mismo cuando utilizan este concepto. Este artículo amplía la distinción entre dos formas de contingencia, opera sobre la distinción de Gaonkar (2001) entre contingencia interna y externa. La contingencia tiene dos posibles significados actualmente: 1) la contingencia hace referencia a fenómenos históricos/culturales/sociales del pasado que se han sedimentado, o 2) la contingencia hace referencia a características propias de la toma de decisiones y de la acción humana en el presente o en el futuro. La contingencia describe no solo el ámbito de la política, sino que también se convierte en un concepto político-retórico en sí mismo. Al centrarse en estos dos sentidos, este artículo demuestra cómo el tema no solo se focaliza en los detalles de una situación de esta naturaleza, sino que transforma nuestra comprensión sobre qué es una situación contingente.

In contemporary global capitalist culture, time-consciousness becomes more important than self-consciousness. In the realm of lived time, the identity of the self opens up to an encounter with otherness. Insights into the ways in which this dynamic unfolds enable one to affirm human temporalities in their potential difference to the temporalities of global capitalism. The book offers an empirical exploration of lived temporalities on markets, in buses and in traditional subsistence in Guatemala, and a theoretical exploration of these through the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and inter-relational approaches within psychoanalysis.

The cross-cultural adaptation in different ethnic and religious communities is not an easy process. Stereotype factors, prejudice, and ethnocentrism will affect the process. In most cases, the cross-cultural adaptation process cannot be optimal and cause psychological pressure and disharmonious interactions between immigrants and hosts. However, the Javanese-Muslim Pagayaman and Balinese Hindus can adapt well. The success of the cross-cultural adaptation is supported by the cultural competence and local wisdom of the two communities. This study aims to determine the cultural competence and local wisdom of Javanese-Muslim Pagayaman and Balinese Hindus in the village of Pagayaman located in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province, during the cross-cultural adaptation process. The study uses the theory of cultural adaptation from Young Yun Kim and a qualitative approach and case study methods from Robert K Yin. Research participants are community and religious leaders. The findings show that the adaptation model performed by both Balinese Hindus and Pagayaman Muslims is integration. Successful adaptation is supported by cultural competencies such as respect (valuing other cultures, cultural diversity), openness (to intercultural learning and people from other cultures, withholding judgment), curiosity, and discovery (tolerating ambiguity and uncertainty).

This thesis aims to bring a new understanding of anticonsumption activism. Theliterature on social movements conceptualizes activism as political or cultural actions. In this study, we rely on the convention theory to highlight the underlying rules of anticonsumption activism. Based on ethnographical data and phenomenological interviews, we explain, first, anticonsumption activism through the orders model. Then, we question the competence of activists to criticize the conventions of the orders model. Finally, this critical competence allows us to analyze the rules of a new convention coordinating anticonsumption activism. This activist convention has implication for managers, by giving them knowledge on anticonsumption activism. ; Cette thèse vise à apporter une nouvelle compréhension du militantisme anticonsumériste. La littérature sur les mouvements sociaux conceptualise les actions militantes soit comme des actions politiques soit comme une défense de certaines valeurs culturelles. Dans cette étude, nous nous appuyons sur la théorie des conventions pour mettre en lumière les règles sous-jacentes au militantismeanticonsumériste. En nous basant sur des données ethnographiques et des entretiensphénoménologiques, nous expliquons, tout d'abord, les actions militantesanticonsuméristes à travers les conventions du modèle des cités. Puis, nous nousinterrogeons sur la capacité des militants anticonsuméristes à critiquer les conventions déjà établies. Enfin, cette capacité critique nous permet d'analyser les règles d'une nouvelle convention coordonnant les actions militantes anticonsuméristes. Cette convention militante a des implications managériales, notamment en dotant les marketeurs de connaissances sur les actions anticonsuméristes.

This thesis aims to bring a new understanding of anticonsumption activism. Theliterature on social movements conceptualizes activism as political or cultural actions. In this study, we rely on the convention theory to highlight the underlying rules of anticonsumption activism. Based on ethnographical data and phenomenological interviews, we explain, first, anticonsumption activism through the orders model. Then, we question the competence of activists to criticize the conventions of the orders model. Finally, this critical competence allows us to analyze the rules of a new convention coordinating anticonsumption activism. This activist convention has implication for managers, by giving them knowledge on anticonsumption activism. ; Cette thèse vise à apporter une nouvelle compréhension du militantisme anticonsumériste. La littérature sur les mouvements sociaux conceptualise les actions militantes soit comme des actions politiques soit comme une défense de certaines valeurs culturelles. Dans cette étude, nous nous appuyons sur la théorie des conventions pour mettre en lumière les règles sous-jacentes au militantismeanticonsumériste. En nous basant sur des données ethnographiques et des entretiensphénoménologiques, nous expliquons, tout d'abord, les actions militantesanticonsuméristes à travers les conventions du modèle des cités. Puis, nous nousinterrogeons sur la capacité des militants anticonsuméristes à critiquer les conventions déjà établies. Enfin, cette capacité critique nous permet d'analyser les règles d'une nouvelle convention coordonnant les actions militantes anticonsuméristes. Cette convention militante a des implications managériales, notamment en dotant les marketeurs de connaissances sur les actions anticonsuméristes.

Some units of post-Soviet Eurasia have avoided or minimized ethnic conflict; others have suffered from internal ethnic strife or ethnically inspired wars with neighboring states; & still others have managed since 1991 to repress ethnic strife. Jack Snyder argues that democratization is the key variable that accounts for these divergent outcomes. But achievements & difficulties on the path from Communist rule to a new way of life are more fully explained by each society's relative 'fitness.' This term, derived from complexity theory, signifies a society's capacity to cope with complex challenges & opportunities. A fit society can deal constructively with ethnic as well as with other political, economic, & cultural problems. If a society fails on any of these fronts, ethnic grievances are likely to become more acute & may explode in violence. When this happens, the society's ability to cope with other issues also declines. Thus, societal fitness is both cause & effect of overall development. Variations in fitness reflect the strength of what complexity theorist call 'self-organization.' This quality, in turn, depends heavily on culture. Cultures long devoted to universal literacy & to independent thinking have a far greater capacity for self-organization than those that resisted universal literacy & free thinking. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 37 References. Adapted from the source document.

All of the contributors to this special issue have reflected on the stakes involved in negotiating differences in language and culture. In their research and professional practice they inhabit the 'space between': the space between languages, the space between cultures, and the space between academic disciplines. While many of our contributors are located in the Australian university system, we also have contributors from outside that system, as well as contributors who are theorising disparate sites for the negotiation of difference. The most exciting aspect of the papers presented here is the ability to move between the spheres of cultural theory and the everyday. Analytical techniques originally developed for literary and cultural analysis are brought to bear on the texts and practices of everyday life. The loci for these investigations include the classroom, the police station, the streets, local government and the university itself. The practices examined include translating and interpreting, language teaching, academic writing, literary production and critique, language planning and small business and shadow economies. The academic disciplines drawn on include theoretical and applied linguistics, discourse analysis, language teaching pedagogy, policy studies, cultural studies, literary studies, political science, gender studies and postcolonial theory.

Culture is often described as a suture for the material real of capitalism, but often that reality is itself signified in such a way as to supply a hegemonic power with its own justification. Using the term social logic, this paper explores the way ideology increasingly emphasizes social-material rather than cultural-representational issues, particularly around concerns about the economy and ecology. The argument is developed in three parts using Marxist and psychoanalytic concepts. First, it is argued that mainstream sociology remains indebted to a description of a world found in postmodern theory. In this theory, social antagonisms are undifferentiated. This creates a frame for signifying multiple problems of capitalism, without necessarily making any connection to an underlying dialectic. Second, using the term 'culture of crisis industry', examples are provided from the cultural sphere of how such problems or traumas are fetishized for mass consumption. Third, using the term 'guilt fetishism', a relationship is theorized between anxiety on the one side and mass consumer markets for goods with ecological and ethical signifiers on the other.

Abstract
The article's objective is to analyse the discursive construction of the Czech nation in three cultural magazines, produced by
Czech exiles in London during WWII. The theoretical backbone for this analysis is provided by Laclau and Mouffe's (1985) discourse theory, which in turn supports a discourse-theoretical re-reading of the
literature on the nation, first in general and then in relation to the Czech nation. These three theoretical components support an
analysis of 650 selected contributions in 36 issues of the three main cultural journals of the Czech London exile:
Obzor [Horizon], Kulturní zápisník [Cultural Notebook] and Review. This
discourse-theoretical analysis shows the presence, particularity and contingency of a series of internal nodal points (temporal,
spatial, linguistic, cultural and popular), in combination with the external nodal point of diversity in relation to outgroups. In
the conclusion, the political nature of this construction, which we label the politics of poetry, is emphasized.

Wie lassen sich vielfältigste Geschlechtlichkeiten auf einer gleichberechtigten Ebene nebeneinander und miteinander kommunizierend abbilden? Christel Baltes-Löhr zeigt, dass sich mit der Figur des Kontinuums die Pluralität gelebter Realitäten sogenannter weiblicher, männlicher, trans- und intergeschlechtlicher Menschen nachzeichnen lässt - mit allen potentiellen Differenzen, Ähnlichkeiten, Polypolaritäten und kategorialen Durchlässigkeiten.Aber auch Pluralitäten von Migration, Raum und Kultur scheinen jeweils in einem neuen Licht und mit neuen Facetten auf, wenn sie mit der innovativen Figur des Kontinuums ausgeleuchtet werden, was zum Abschluss des Buches exemplarisch dargelegt wird.

Wie die Kunstproduktion mit der sie umgebenden Kultur verknüpft ist und wie sich beide gegenseitig beeinflussen, ist eine zentrale Fragestellung für die - nicht nur soziologisch motivierte - Kunst- und Kulturtheorie. Die Antworten des in Peru geborenen Kunstkritikers und Kulturtheoretikers Juan Acha (1916-1995) auf diese Frage machen sein Werk zu einem außerordentlichen Beitrag zu der disziplinübergreifenden Debatte um Kunstproduktion und Kultur, der im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher nicht wahrgenommen wurde. Denn Acha gibt diese Antworten vor dem Hintergrund einer präzisen Kenntnis globaler kunsttheoretischer Debatten einerseits und einer besonderen Berücksichtigung der lateinamerikanischen Situation andererseits, in der die kolonialen Grundlagen von Ökonomie und Kultur besonders betont werden. Die zentralen Thesen Achas einem deutschsprachigen Publikum zugänglich zu machen, ist das primäre Ziel dieses Textes. Der Aufsatz beansprucht darüber hinaus, über die Diskussion des Spannungsverhältnisses, das sich im Werke Acha auftut, die Relevanz seines Werkes für heutige Debatten aufzuzeigen: Es handelt sich um die Spannung zwischen einer empirisch-theoretischen Einsicht in die reproduktive Funktion von Kunst auf der einen Seite und die emanzipatorischen Hoffnungen, die auf künstlerische Praktiken zugleich und trotzdem gesetzt werden andererseits. Der Text geht in fünf Schritten vor: Erstens wird das grundlegende Plädoyer Achas für eine Soziologie der Kunst und der dabei zentrale Begriff des no-objetualismo vorgestellt. Zweitens wird die Besonderheit von Achas Ansatz gegenüber anderen, vergleichbaren theoretischen Herangehensweisen an die Kunst herausgestrichen, die in der Bedeutung liegt, die Acha dem Kolonialismus einräumt. Mit dessen analytischer Bedeutung geht die normative Hinwendung zu einer Redefinition der Kunst einher. Drittens wird Achas Fokus auf den ästhetischen Konsum nachgezeichnet und seine relationale Methode skizziert, um dann viertens näher auf das politische Engagement einzugehen. Fünftens wird der Einfluss von Achas Werkes auf andere TheoretikerInnen und auf die künstlerischen Bewegungen seiner Zeit skizziert.

Human well-being is determined by multiple factors related to health, social relations, safety, environment, landscape, cultural heritage, and quality of services. The Italian planning system provided a set of &ldquo ; urban standards&rdquo ; in terms of threshold values of areas per inhabitant destined for public services and facilities. The application of urban standards, for a period of more than fifty years, did not result in a broad improvement of life quality in the urban areas. This paper discusses the issue of urban facilities in Italy in order to evaluate the opportunity to innovate traditional standards according to the environmental and ecological paradigm, focusing on the benefits provided to humans by natural ecosystems, the so-called ecosystem services (ESs). The paper investigates the evolution of the Italian planning practice through the introduction of quality standards and innovative tools able to meet the ever-changing social demand. The research aims to verify if the ES concept is really implemented in the Italian planning practice and if the ecosystem approach has a real impact on political decision-making. Using a comparative method, four case-studies of urban municipal plans are selected and analyzed in order to identify different approaches and possible fields of innovation. The research highlighted a lack of integration of ecosystem services approach in the land use decisions, although there is an in-depth survey on the state of conservation of ecological and environmental resources. The local experiments of qualitative standards represent an attempt to deal with specific ecological emergencies, namely flood risk, air, water, and soil pollution, and loss of biodiversity. Conclusions discuss, from an international perspective, the need to revise the traditional planning approach in the field of public services and facilities, taking into account the influence of ecosystem services on human well-being.

This article rehearses the critical theory of Craig Calhoun's book on nationalism and applies his threefold typology of 'project, discourse, evaluation' to the peculiar case of modern Philippine nationalism. The Republic of the Philippines is a marine archipelago of over 7100 islands and 85 million people of various ethnic, linguistic and cultural identities. Because of its history of colonizations (Spanish, American, Japanese), the predominance of Christianity, and the lack of a unified or prestigious pre-modern religious, political or economic order, the Philippines is frequently positioned as 'in but not of Asia'. Because Filipinos are made acutely aware of their peculiar trajectory as a modern nation-state and precarious position within the region, the dominant discourses of 'the Philippines' have been too anxious to construct a genealogy of the modern nation-state as telos and to assert some form of 'Filipino' identity and spirit. Now that the nationalist moment of contemporary nation-states has passed with the fading of the post-Second World War 'developmentalist state' project and its usurpation since the 1980s by 'the globalization' project, an opportunity is afforded for a changing of our critical lens from searches for revolutionary projects of founding myths and ends, of romantic nationalisms, or of nostalgic returns to pre-modern idylls (whether ethnic or colonial). Accordingly, this article has three parts. Part One provides a brief synopsis of Calhoun's arguments about nationalism. Part Two applies these critical insights to the case of Philippine nationalism, especially as it is expressed in the historical and social sciences. Part Three then introduces alternative ways of thinking about the Philippines as sites of cultural hybridity and traffic.