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This essay reflects on the many different strategies involved in translation, which is both a linguistic and a cultural-historical strategy. Examples from the Middle Ages and the Modern Age are adduced to illustrate the huge impact which translations have had on peoples and societies throughout time.

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- List of Tables -- Notes on Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Bargaining Chips: Strategic Marriages and Cultural Circulation in Early Modern Europe -- PART I: PRINCESSES ACROSS BORDERS -- 1 CATALINA MICAELA (1567-97), DUCHESS OF SAVOY: "She Grows Careless": The Infanta Catalina and Spanish Etiquette at the Court of Savoy -- 2 MARÍA TERESA (1638-83), QUEEN OF FRANCE: The Queen of France and the Capital of Cultural Heritage

Dynastic marriage in the Europe of the ancien régime is built upon the assumption that a high-born woman will leave her natal family and the territory she grew up in and travel to the court and territory of her spouse. Were these foreign-born queens consort able to graft elements that they had brought with them onto the culture they found when they arrived in their new country and so create a new cultural synthesis? What elements from their marital court did they send back home? In other words, did these women function as agents of cultural transfer between their natal and their marital courts, and to what extent was this an ongoing process? What were the factors—personal and political—that enabled one queen to be an active cultural agent and another not? What theories of cultural transfer are useful in examining the influence of these queens? Are there specific features of court culture that distinguish cultural transfer between courts from other cases of transfer? By the mid-eighteenth century is the influence of France so pervasive that the court has become a transnational space? The example chosen to illuminate these questions is Maria Amalia, Princess of Saxony and Poland (1724–1760), who on her marriage in 1738 became Queen of the Two Sicilies and from 1759 was Queen of Spain.

Title Page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Body -- Acknowledgments -- Gillian R. Overing and Ulrike Wiethaus: Introduction: The Making of American/Medieval -- Medievalism and the American/Medieval -- American/Medieval: The Challenge of Definition -- A/M: Old Trauma, New Archives, and Creatures on the Move -- New Archives -- Creatures on the Move -- Conclusion -- Select Bibliography -- Part One: Old Trauma -- Tina Marie Boyer: Medieval Imaginations and Internet Role-Playing Games -- Introduction -- Slender Man -- American Imaginations of the Medieval and Slender Man -- Bibliography -- Sol Miguel-Prendes: Medieval Iberian Studies: Borders, Bridges, Fences -- Boundaries -- Bridges -- Fences -- Bibliography -- Ulrike Wiethaus: "Yet another group of cowboys riding around the same old rock": Religion and the German-American Genesis of a Capitalist Stereotype -- Introduction -- From Mammon to Letzter Mensch -- Indigeneity and Doomed Pre-capitalist Wholeness -- The Natural Habitat, Race, and Sexual Threat of Homo capitalisticus -- The Puritan Spirit and the Desires of the Id -- Contemporary American Mutations of Medieval DNA -- Bibliography -- Part Two: New Archives -- Joshua Davies: "Beyond the Profane": Machine Gothic and the Cultural Memory of the Future -- Gothic Origins -- American Gothic -- Railroad Gothic -- Colonial Gothic -- Bibliography -- Mary Kate Hurley: "Scars of History": Game of Thrones and American Origin Stories -- Scars of History: Time, Nostalgia, and the Wounds of the Past -- Scars of Fantasy: Westerosi History and Time's Wounds -- Scars of Time: Martin's "Medieval" World -- Scars of History: Toward the American/Medieval -- Bibliography -- Gale Sigal: At What Price Arthur? Academic Autobiography, Medieval Studies, and the American Medieval -- Introduction -- In the Middle or On the Margins?

Bluestocking Feminism and British-German Cultural Transfer, 1750â€"1837 examines the processes of cultural transfer between Britain and Germany during the Personal Union, the period from 1714 to 1837 when the kings of England were simultaneously Electors of Hanover. While scholars have generally focused on the political and diplomatic implications of the Personal Union, Alessa Johns offers a new perspective by tracing sociocultural repercussions and investigating how, in the period of the American and French Revolutions, Britain and Germany generated distinct discourses of liberty even though they were nonrevolutionary countries. British and German reformistsâ€"feminists in particularâ€"used the period's expanded pathways of cultural transfer to generate new discourses as well as to articulate new views of what personal freedom, national character, and international interaction might be.

Bluestocking Feminism and British-German Cultural Transfer, 1750–1837 examines the processes of cultural transfer between Britain and Germany during the Personal Union, the period from 1714 to 1837 when the kings of England were simultaneously Electors of Hanover. While scholars have generally focused on the political and diplomatic implications of the Personal Union, Alessa Johns offers a new perspective by tracing sociocultural repercussions and investigating how, in the period of the American and French Revolutions, Britain and Germany generated distinct discourses of liberty even though they were nonrevolutionary countries. British and German reformists—feminists in particular—used the period's expanded pathways of cultural transfer to generate new discourses as well as to articulate new views of what personal freedom, national character, and international interaction might be.

Different nations in the world have their own cultures, and these cultures are characterized by both universality and particularity. The former provides a foundation and guarantee for intercultural communication, while the latter often leads to negative cultural transfer in communication if the speakers are unconscious of cultural differences. This paper makes a comparative study of negative cultural transfer in communication between Chinese and Americans from two aspects: the negative transfer of surface-structure culture in language forms and speech acts and the negative transfer of deep-structure culture in values, thought patterns, religious beliefs and ethics. It holds that failure in intercultural communication will occur if inadequate attention is paid to cultural differences in the process of language and culture learning.

Cover -- Table of contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- The Citational Universe of Swedish Literary Scholarship: Transmitting and Reproducing an Unequal World in the Periphery -- Sámi Storytelling as a Survival Strategy -- Translation History: Between Micro- and Macro-narratives -- Translations and Translators in Swedish Literary History -- The Reception of Scandinavian Literature in the Netherlands and Flanders, 1860-1940: Some Preliminary Reflections onthe Role of Networks -- Peripheral Autonomy/Mutual Sympathy? Women Translators in Flanders, 1870-1914 -- Gendering Cultural Transfer and Transmission History -- Die Freundin and Other Relationships: A Proposal for a Comparative Study of the Role of Lesbian Magazines within the Process of Cultural Transfer and Transmission -- Multicultural Literature: Exotic or Mainstream? A Proposal for a Comparative Study of Swedish Multicultural Literature in Translation -- About the Authors -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Studies on Cultural Transfer and Transmission series

This volume discusses a practical approach to cultural transfer and exchange through the concept of »memory box«. Ideas of displacement, transfer, and cultural memory are explored through case studies from Scotland to Italy and Germany and from Finland and France to the American colonies. The authors develop an understanding of memory boxes as cultural constructions that are involved in the process of making and disputing memory – but which, simultaneously, are important agents for cultural transfer over space and time. This book emphasises »memory box« as an idea that allows us to study the cultural processes of transfer in conjunction with cultural memory.

This volume discusses a practical approach to cultural transfer and exchange through the concept of »memory box«. Ideas of displacement, transfer, and cultural memory are explored through case studies from Scotland to Italy and Germany and from Finland and France to the American colonies. The authors develop an understanding of memory boxes as cultural constructions that are involved in the process of making and disputing memory - but which, simultaneously, are important agents for cultural transfer over space and time. This book emphasises "memory box" as an idea that allows us to study the cultural processes of transfer in conjunction with cultural memory.