Suchergebnisse

Different nations in the world have their own cultures, and these cultures are characterized by both universality and particularity. The former provides a foundation and guarantee for intercultural communication, while the latter often leads to negative cultural transfer in communication if the speakers are unconscious of cultural differences. This paper makes a comparative study of negative cultural transfer in communication between Chinese and Americans from two aspects: the negative transfer of surface-structure culture in language forms and speech acts and the negative transfer of deep-structure culture in values, thought patterns, religious beliefs and ethics. It holds that failure in intercultural communication will occur if inadequate attention is paid to cultural differences in the process of language and culture learning.

Abstract
The present article sets out to investigate the rendering of cultural elements in the process of poetry translation, an undertaking that is a strenuous one, given the constraints of form. It looks into and illustrates the many layers of Seamus Heaney's poetry, pointing at the profusion of allusions to cultural aspects that are embedded in the texts, and that ask the translator to decide whether to "foreignize" or "domesticate" the text. These extratextual features that a translator needs to consider are imbricated with the various textual elements, generating effects that are difficult to replicate in translation, making similarity of effect all the more difficult to achieve.

Scholars have traditionally sought the sources of Mikhail Chulkov's The Comely Cook, or the Adventures of a Depraved Woman [Prigozhaia povarikha, ili pokhozhdeniia razvratnoi zhenshchiny] of 1770 in Western European novels. In contrast, this article examines Chulkov's work as a complex example of cultural transfer that took place on several levels: among languages and national traditions; between poetry and prose; on the somewhat indeterminate level of genre; between oral and print, verbal and visual media; and between high and low, popular and highbrow cultural registers.