Russia presents specific mosaic, consisted from many peoples. They are different in size and in strength of inner connections, in economic and social characteristics, level of political organization, language and culture, spiritual features and national character. In such context the problem of multi-cultural education becomes very actual and complicated in terms of polyethnical Russian society.
This article focuses on problems with correlating a value system to human activity. The author approaches analyzing this issue in terms of cultural capital. Subject to examination is the key component of social order, which can be described as "developing relations of the highest and lowest order", as orientation towards oneself of one's community in a social group or network. This work attempts to define what social capital consists of in terms of privileged and legitimized cultural practices. Presumably a culture of common values bears self-worth if it can be materialized within the boundaries of various types of relations. This allows for predicting trends of change in interpersonal relationships, by means of generalizing the results and conducting comparative analysis. Highlighted is the fact that such analysis makes sense if it were to be conducted in terms of cultural capital. As such, a special role is assigned to cultural competence. The ability and/or skills in practically using cultural achievements under certain conditions, with the goal of converting them into other types of capital later down the line, are especially valuable. Also noted is the fact that an understanding of cultural capital, as well as its transformations, is vital for analyzing actual practices which reflect the processes of the "achievements, approval or rejection, reproduction or transformation" dynamic. The author confirms the conclusion which had already been drawn by foreign scientists who are well-known in this field of knowledge, namely that there exists a certain pattern: either society brings forth specific channels for the flow of class cultures with their impenetrable boundaries, their peculiar and somewhat autonomous standards of purpose (of taste), or a dilution of class distinctions occurs. This inevitably has an effect on the decline of the role of cultural capital, and therefore on belonging to the elite. A hypothesis is brought forth about the need to define a person's place within social networks, their affiliation with those who are typically considered to be members of "exclusive cultures". Otherwise a connection to such networks implies the "lowest level of cultural competence" and an unfavorable place in the social hierarchy.
The objective of the paper is the determination of the opportunities to realize the cultural policies in the CIS countries to activate their innovations. The conceptual basis of such a course are the theories about the position of cultural production in the social-economic systems and its influence over their innovative development. In lens of their application opportunities this approach facilitated the appraisal of the cultural policy in the Post-soviet space and the design of the general attitude towards its transformation to stimulate efficiently the innovative development of the countries of the Region. The Methodological principles of the research are based on the systems theory, comparative studies and the evolution theories. The research was concluded recognizing the innovation potential of the cultural sector neglected in the countries policies of the countries of the region. Hence the main directions of the cultural policy transformation to activate innovations were indicated. The conclusions of the analysis may be operated while the elaboration and materialization of the cultural and innovation policies at the national and regional levels.
Анализ трансформаций социокультурного пространства предполагает обоснование содержания понятия и подходов в рамках которых изучение будет производиться. Целью данной статьи является определение стартовых исследовательских позиций по отношению к изучению когерентности (взаимосвязи) процессов социокультурных трансформаций, осуществляемых как в российском обществе, так и за его пределами. Но поскольку решение этой задачи требует многолетних не только теоретических, но и эмпирических исследований, а также обобщения уже накопленного как нами, так и коллегами результатов исследований в России и за рубежом, то мы в данной статье ограничиваемся определением базовых понятий и подходов. Таким образом, в рамках поставленных задач был проведен анализ генезиса понятия «социокультурное пространство» и показано, что для исследования трансформационных процессов социокультурного пространства эвристичным потенциалом обладают социокультурный и деятельностный подходы, позволяющие учитывать специфические особенности и динамику влияния различных факторов на субъектов данного пространства. Отмечено, что для адекватность построения прогнозных моделей относительно потенциала развития и сохранения социокультурного пространства будет зависеть как от детальности анализа всех составляющих (внутренней ситуации, содержания внутренних и внешних процессов трансформаций), а также от оценки когерентости процессов, с учетом их конвергентности и дивергентности. Весьма важно изучать и учесть тенденции внутренних трансформаций, идущих в соседних (других) социокультурных пространствах, поскольку они, являясь следствием их внутреннего развития, а также принятия или непринятия внешнего влияния, обусловливают трансформацию их политических стратегий и, как следствие оказываемого влияния на своих соседей. И не только их, учитывая виртуальность современного социокультурного пространства.
Hybrid languages formed as a result of language contacts are called pidgin languages in the linguistic literature, and the problem of their study is solved by contactology (or creolistics), which is an integral part of sociolinguistics. These are mainly English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, and Russian. They are widely spread in South America, Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the northern and eastern regions of the Russian Federation. There are more than 50 Pidgin and Creole languages on Earth (Creole languages were formed due to the subsequent development of the Pidgin language). Creole languages are one of the most exciting fields of study not only from the point of view of linguistics but also from the point of view of history, cultural studies and other theoretical and applied sciences. This is because the number of people using Creole languages is millions. It is concluded from the article that pidgin has a strong influence on the world language landscape of users because not only languages but also their cultures come in contact. Pidgin is shaped by the direct participation of the culture of the contacting communities and serves to communicate because not only languages but also their culture come into contact.
The Message of the President of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoyev to Oli Majlis notes that Uzbekistan will always be faithful to its principles in the sphere of interethnic harmony and religious tolerance, strengthening the atmosphere of mutual respect, friendship and harmony between representatives of different nations and faiths. It is considered as the greatest wealth of the state and society.
The purpose of the study is to identify the main stages in the formation and development of cultural policy in Europe as one of the areas of public policy. Research methodology. To solve this problem, we used the systemic method, the method of typology and comparison. The basic scientific principles were chosen the principle of historicism and objectivity. Scientific novelty lies in the first interdisciplinary comprehensive study of changes in the social and cultural life of society, the development of socio-political thought, education, the formation and development of a secular state, which made it possible to determine the main stages of the history of cultural policy in Europe. Conclusions. The cultural policy as a separate sphere of social development originated in the middle ages and has evolved through seven stages. In different periods, both the leading actors and the cultural spheres that fell under their influence changed. In the early stages the Church heavily influenced to the sphere of popular culture. State care to education and culture is increasing with the consolidation of absolutism and the formation of nation-States. Cultural institutions are transformed into promoters of national ideas and receive state support. The development of capitalism is intensifying the cultural needs of the bourgeoisie. The public-state model of cultural policy formed. The history of the twentieth century provides examples of the use of culture for political purposes. During this period the term «cultural policy» began to be used. In the postwar period the strategy for the development of cultural policy changed from the «culture for all» to concepts of multiculturalism and animation conception. The development processes of post-industrial society with the major attention to the scope of services and consumption has set cultural policy a task to promotion of cultural industries, encourage private investment and further decentralization of management.
В данной статье рассматриваются культурные ценности в китайских традиционных праздниках. В результате исследования выявлены их ценностные основания, заложенные в социокультурной, семейно-бытовой обрядности, показаны особенности праздничной культуры Китая. Отмечено, что основополагающими ценностями являются: единство человека и природы, взаимоотношения между старшими и младшими, преданность государю-императору и любовь к Родине, стремление к гармоничной и счастливой жизни. Анализ показывает, что китайские традиционные праздники неразрывно связаны с формированием культурных ценностей. This article discusses cultural values in Chinese traditional holidays. As a result of the study, their value foundations laid down in socio–cultural, family and household rituals are revealed, the features of the festive culture of China are shown. It is noted that the fundamental values are: the unity of man and nature, the relationship between elders and juniors, loyalty to the sovereign-emperor and love for the Motherland, the desire for a harmonious and happy life. The analysis shows that Chinese traditional holidays are inextricably linked with the formation of cultural values.
This study sets out to compare Russian and French business cultures on the basis of different taxonomic approaches for describing national culture to analyzing cross-cultural communication (Trompenaars, Hofstede, Hall). The results of this comparison point to specific character of French and Russian business cultures. Both France and Russia cannot be related to any cultural cluster of countries which share similar values for cross-cultural management. However use of these taxonomic approaches leads to the discovery of several common characteristics between these cultures which means the similarity of some communicative strategies in cultural management. This finding allows discussing practical implications for cross-cultural communication for Russian and French managers working together. Such cultural characteristics as individualism/ collectivism or linear-activity/ multi-activity which vary for French and Russian business cultures in different approaches need a further research.
The article is devoted to consideration of the specific "soft power" of the European Union. As the theoretical foundations of the study dedicated the American, Russian and European approaches to the essence and content of "soft power" of the state, as well as other similar concepts such as "civilian power", "normative power." The basic criteria of "soft power" was proposed by the founder of the conception J. Nye and by other experts. The major European countries with the greatest potential of "soft power" influence are considered to be the UK and France. They make the greatest contribution to the process of creation of "soft power" in the EU. The article deals with the attempts of the EU to institutionalize the mechanisms of "soft power". The main two criteria are cultural and educational attractiveness of Europe. The identified trends, which suggest that the cultural identity of individual European countries is falling by the wayside, represent the elements of the EU diplomacy. This is substantiated by the fact that it is a legal and regulatory framework of the European "soft power", that is also confirmed by the official representatives of the EU. However, as within any integration process, in the process of "soft power" building the EU has a number of obstacles. The authors make conclusions about the prospects for the European Union to apply the elements of "soft power", as well as the readiness of the European countries to delegate a part of their cultural potential to the European community.
Актуальность данной темы определена тенденцией на популяризацию японской культуры не только среди ученых-специалистов, но и среди широкой общественности. Интерес к Востоку, в частности к Японии, обусловлен не только тем, что страны Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона играют все более важную роль в экономической, политической и культурной жизни человечества, но и тем, что традициям Востока отводится все больше значение в жизненном укладе других стран. Культурой этой страны увлекаются, в той или иной мере, практически, по всему миру. Влияние запада на развитие Японии проявляется в модернизации по эндогенно-экзогенному типу, В результате глобализации процесс интеграции культур проявляется в полной мере. Поэтому, достаточно интересно изучать данные процессы в кросс-темпоральном плане. Целью данной статьи является исследование влияние вестернизации на культурную идентичность Японии. Авторы полагают, что данный процесс, в конечном итоге, с культурной точки зрения, представляет собой не агрессивное внедрение западных идей, а плавное слияние традиций и обычаев европейской и азиатской составляющей. Вестернизация больше представляет собой процесс так называемого культурного кроссинговера – обмена культурными традициями, характерными для многих стран.
