Suchergebnisse

Too often we forget that culture is not a social fact but a concept. In this article it will be argued that cultures do not exist, in spite of their apparent pervasiveness within the social sciences and in daily life. A question will be raised as to the ideological role of the idea of culture, that is, what effects does it produce in the social construction of reality? To do that, the concept and its uses will be criticized, noting that the very concept and its use in daily life represents practices of classification and segregation. Finally, it is suggested that the concept of culture should be abandoned and that we should look forward to new ways of conceiving human diversity more suitable to a situated ethical thinking.

Actuality. Management as a phenomenon of culture and an exclusively unique object of scientific knowledge occupies a special place in the life of society. As historical development of mankind is complicated as organizational structures, as well as the culture of management and a set of theories that describe them. However, modern science does not take into account that radical changes in organizational reality occur not continuously, but during the bifurcation of civilization. A specific culture that arose precisely in such conditions is mechanistic management, the study of which is devoted to this article. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is a theoretical and historical analysis of the culture of mechanistic management, the identification of the basic determinants of the genesis of this management culture and the formation of the main directions of its development in conditions of industrialism. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, civilization, historical approaches to the study of social phenomena and processes, and the fundamental provisions of the theory of management. Results. The objective preconditions of the formation of a culture of mechanistic management are determined: European science and mechanism arising from the Newtonian picture of the world – the presentation of organizational reality as a machine, as well as atomism, rationalism and social Darwinism as a "natural law" about inter-species struggle; Protestant ethics as a justification of profit; political economy, which introduced the economy in the form of a machine operating under the laws of Newtonian mechanics; great scientific and technical discoveries, demanding new forms of organization of production. The essence of the article is given, comparative characteristics are given and prospects of further application of the main directions of culture of mechanistic management: scientific organization of labor and management are outlined; administrative management; the ...

The article considers the classification of legal culture by species, depending on the subjects, its carriers on social, group and individual, certain levels (ordinary (everyday), professional, scientific and theoretical) defines its functions, which are the basis for the specialist to perform basic and ongoing activities, that is, professional responsibilities. The functions are: legal support for the process of becoming a new statehood, development and transformation of legal reality (cognitive-transformative), value-normative, legal-educational, communicative. It is proved that the function of legal support of the process of becoming a new statehood is ensured in various ways, in particular, the formation of legal knowledge, beliefs, habits, etc., that ensure their legitimate, socially active behavior in the legal sphere. It is important to develop the skills of legal activity of citizens and society as a whole, to reform the entire legal system. The cognitive-transformative function of the legal culture of a society is connected with the task of building a rule of law, which involves those crisis processes that take place in the economy, politics and society. The value and normative function of the legal culture of a society is aimed at ensuring the stable, harmonious, dynamic and effective functioning of all elements of the legal system. This function of legal culture is realized by means of the norms of law, which are needed by every citizen for their successful adaptation within the state. The value-normative function of the legal culture of society encompasses a variety of phenomena and facts that are reflected in human actions, social institutions, etc. Educational function of the legal culture of society is expressed in the development of legal qualities of the individual. The transformation of legal prescriptions, norms of law into habit, into a natural regulator of the citizen's activity presupposes that they have been mastered by a person and have become his inner conviction. An important place among the functions is the communicative function. With the help of the institutes of society's legal culture, political and legal interconnection between the state and the individual, between all elements of political, legal systems, nations, social groups is carried out. Thanks to the mechanism of action of this function, the continuity in the development of the legal culture throughout the development of our society is carried out. These functions are interconnected and interdependent, complementing and enriching each other. They reproduce the real process of legal culture functioning. It has been established that the problem of the separation of the legal culture functions continues to be relevant and requires new research to be carried out in the context of analyzing the systemic links between the legal culture of both – society and the individual. Without analyzing the functional role of legal culture, it is impossible to understand its content and the patterns of development. ; У статті на основі класифікації правової культури на види залежно від суб'єктів, на суспільну, групову та індивідуальну, рівнів (звичайний (буденний), професійний, науково-теоретичний) визначено її функцій, які є фундаментом для виконання фахівцем своїх основних і постійних видів діяльності, тобто професійних обов'язків. Установлено, що проблема виокремлення функцій правової культури залишається актуальною і вимагає нових досліджень, у контексті аналізу системних зв'язків правової культури як суспільства, так і особистості.

The article considers the classification of legal culture by species, depending on the subjects, its carriers on social, group and individual, certain levels (ordinary (everyday), professional, scientific and theoretical) defines its functions, which are the basis for the specialist to perform basic and ongoing activities, that is, professional responsibilities. The functions are: legal support for the process of becoming a new statehood, development and transformation of legal reality (cognitive-transformative), value-normative, legal-educational, communicative. It is proved that the function of legal support of the process of becoming a new statehood is ensured in various ways, in particular, the formation of legal knowledge, beliefs, habits, etc., that ensure their legitimate, socially active behavior in the legal sphere. It is important to develop the skills of legal activity of citizens and society as a whole, to reform the entire legal system. The cognitive-transformative function of the legal culture of a society is connected with the task of building a rule of law, which involves those crisis processes that take place in the economy, politics and society. The value and normative function of the legal culture of a society is aimed at ensuring the stable, harmonious, dynamic and effective functioning of all elements of the legal system. This function of legal culture is realized by means of the norms of law, which are needed by every citizen for their successful adaptation within the state. The value-normative function of the legal culture of society encompasses a variety of phenomena and facts that are reflected in human actions, social institutions, etc. Educational function of the legal culture of society is expressed in the development of legal qualities of the individual. The transformation of legal prescriptions, norms of law into habit, into a natural regulator of the citizen's activity presupposes that they have been mastered by a person and have become his inner conviction. An important place among the functions is the communicative function. With the help of the institutes of society's legal culture, political and legal interconnection between the state and the individual, between all elements of political, legal systems, nations, social groups is carried out. Thanks to the mechanism of action of this function, the continuity in the development of the legal culture throughout the development of our society is carried out. These functions are interconnected and interdependent, complementing and enriching each other. They reproduce the real process of legal culture functioning. It has been established that the problem of the separation of the legal culture functions continues to be relevant and requires new research to be carried out in the context of analyzing the systemic links between the legal culture of both – society and the individual. Without analyzing the functional role of legal culture, it is impossible to understand its content and the patterns of development. ; У статті на основі класифікації правової культури на види залежно від суб'єктів, на суспільну, групову та індивідуальну, рівнів (звичайний (буденний), професійний, науково-теоретичний) визначено її функцій, які є фундаментом для виконання фахівцем своїх основних і постійних видів діяльності, тобто професійних обов'язків. Установлено, що проблема виокремлення функцій правової культури залишається актуальною і вимагає нових досліджень, у контексті аналізу системних зв'язків правової культури як суспільства, так і особистості.

Actuality. The technological revolution, the technology rapid development, increasing dynamism and uncertainty, a shift in societal attitudes make organizations to implement many different imperatorin. However, these transformations are not replacing hierarchical structures that accompany the organization throughout their existence. Contrary to forecasts of many scientists, about the inevitable demise of hierarchies in the new society, these structures will not disappear and successfully continue their existence. The question arises, why? Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is the disclosure hierarchy as a phenomenon of organizational culture and investigate their long-term use of society. Methodological basis of research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, historical, and cultural approaches to the study of organizational phenomena, the fundamental principles of systems theory and systems analysis, organization theory, management, psychology, sociology, and cultural studies. Results. The essence of hierarchy as cultural phenomenon and the basis of the control system. The paper discusses peculiarities of its construction at different stages of human development. It is established that the hierarchy is a contradictory unity of the various opposites (order and chaos, rational and humane, formal and informal, vertical and horizontal, rigid and flexible, authoritarian and democratic, elitist and egalitarian, etc.), mutual fight which is a source of continuous change and development of hierarchical systems, but can not be the end of their existence. Conclusions and discussion. The scientific novelty of the study results is to deepen the understanding of the hierarchies as a phenomenon of organizational culture, uncovering the causes, trends and patterns of their long-term use in the context of evolutionary development of mankind. Practical significance of the obtained results is in the possibility of their use in the organizational activities of the society and in addition management ...

Problem setting. The formation of the rule of law state and civil society in Ukraine is largely conditioned by the state of political culture, which emerges as an important component of the sociocultural image of the nation and at the same time as a structural element of the political system of the state, which determines the nature of the interaction between the state and citizens, the state and institutions of democracy. Recent research and publications analysis. The study of political culture belongs to the sphere of scientific interests of Ukrainian and foreign scientists. Problems of studying political culture were addressed by such Ukrainian scientists as V. Bebyk, M. Golovaty, L. Gorodenko, M. Dmytrenko, L. Nagorna, V Rebkalo, N. Repina, O. Rudakevich, O. Stehnii, M. Trebin, B. Tsymbalistyi and others. Important contributions to the theoretical development ofpolitical culture ideas have also been made by foreign scholars, including G. Almond, R. Jackman, L. Dittmer, R. Ellis, D. Fuchs, R. Lane, J. Lorenz, I. Lustick, S. Maerz, R. Miller, W. Mishler, M. Neumann, L. Pye, W. Rosenbaum, C. Schneider, R. Tucker, S. Verba, et al. Paper objective. The purpose of the article is to study the nature and structure of political culture, to consider the features of its typology. Paper main body. The concept of «political culture» as a subjective dimension of politics was introduced in to scientific circulation only in the XVIII century by German philosopher J. Herder and until the middle of the twentieth century it was view edrather at the level of world-view universalism ratherthaninits specific form sandmanifestations. Through the efforts of G. Almond, S. Verba, L. Pye, D. Kavanagh, and other researchers, the theoretical foundations for considering political culture were developed. In the future, three major theoretical and methodological approaches to defining the essence ofpolitical culture have emerged in political science. The first of these, including the time of its appearance, is an orientation approach that, ...