Suchergebnisse

The production & transmission of knowledge in ancient Mesopotamia was intimately linked with the use of the cuneiform alphabet, which was used to transcribe several different languages, including Sumerian, Akkadian, Hittite, Hurrite, & several others. The entire body of Sumerio-Babylonian knowledge was for three thousand years transmitted through the use of cuneiform, producing a vast body of written texts. Each of these texts is linked not only to the culture that produced it but also to the system of writing itself. The author argues that it is not an exaggeration to say that the basis of knowledge of this world was born with, & died with, the rise & fall of the cuneiform alphabet. 41 References. D. Knaff

This thesis attempts to trace the circulation circuits of cuneiform mathematical tablets from the excavation sites where they were exhumed at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, to the collections where they are preserved. Its purpose is to show the influence of the course of the tablets on (the conditions of) their study and publication. The circulation networks of mathematical tablets, like those of antiquities in general, are very complex and often opaque. The thesis analyzes this complexity and the factors that are involved. The first part examines the progressive establishment of legislation, the proliferation of illegal excavations, and the sharing among excavators. The second part deals with the role of merchants and private collectors, (and also with the networks to which they belong). A special place is given to a character with a central role in the circulation of mathematical tablets: the merchant Elias Géjou. The conclusion shows how the study and publication of the tablets, based on corpus artificially constituted within a collection or through several collections, depends closely on the history of the circulation networks of antiquities. ; Cette thèse tente de retracer les circuits de circulation des tablettes mathématiques cunéiformes depuis les sites des fouilles où elles ont été exhumées à la fin du 19e siècle et au début du 20e siècle, jusqu'aux collections où elles sont conservées. Son but est de montrer l'influence du parcours des tablettes sur (les conditions de) leur étude et publication. Les réseaux de circulation des tablettes mathématiques, comme ceux des antiquités en général, sont très complexes, et souvent opaques. La thèse analyse cette complexité et les facteurs qui sont en jeu. Dans la première partie, sont examinés l'établissement progressif d'une législation, la multiplication des fouilles illégales, le partage entre les fouilleurs. La deuxième partie s'intéresse au rôle des marchands et collectionneurs privés, (ainsi qu'aux réseaux auxquels ils ...

This thesis attempts to trace the circulation circuits of cuneiform mathematical tablets from the excavation sites where they were exhumed at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, to the collections where they are preserved. Its purpose is to show the influence of the course of the tablets on (the conditions of) their study and publication. The circulation networks of mathematical tablets, like those of antiquities in general, are very complex and often opaque. The thesis analyzes this complexity and the factors that are involved. The first part examines the progressive establishment of legislation, the proliferation of illegal excavations, and the sharing among excavators. The second part deals with the role of merchants and private collectors, (and also with the networks to which they belong). A special place is given to a character with a central role in the circulation of mathematical tablets: the merchant Elias Géjou. The conclusion shows how the study and publication of the tablets, based on corpus artificially constituted within a collection or through several collections, depends closely on the history of the circulation networks of antiquities. ; Cette thèse tente de retracer les circuits de circulation des tablettes mathématiques cunéiformes depuis les sites des fouilles où elles ont été exhumées à la fin du 19e siècle et au début du 20e siècle, jusqu'aux collections où elles sont conservées. Son but est de montrer l'influence du parcours des tablettes sur (les conditions de) leur étude et publication. Les réseaux de circulation des tablettes mathématiques, comme ceux des antiquités en général, sont très complexes, et souvent opaques. La thèse analyse cette complexité et les facteurs qui sont en jeu. Dans la première partie, sont examinés l'établissement progressif d'une législation, la multiplication des fouilles illégales, le partage entre les fouilleurs. La deuxième partie s'intéresse au rôle des marchands et collectionneurs privés, (ainsi qu'aux réseaux auxquels ils ...

"The Festschrift containing 36 contributions celebrates the scholarly achievements of the two outstanding Assyriologists, Walter Sommerfeld (University of Marburg) and Manfred Krebernik (University of Jena). The primary focus of the volume corresponds to the main topics of interests of Professors Sommerfeld and Krebernik - Pre-Sargonic and Sargonic Mesopotamia and third millennium Syria. The volume also features a few contributions dealing with Sumerian language, Mesopotamian literature and the early history of Akkadian and its Semitic background"--

Hittites appear quite often in the Bible, as usually translated, and they happen to be related, even nowadays, to the Hittite Empire of the Bronze Age. This understanding of the biblical texts does not take historical data into account. While some passages may allude to Neo-Hittite states of Syria or be inspired by the cuneiform use of Hatti in Iron Age II, other mentions must have referred originally to the North-Arabian tribe Hatti, living in southern Canaan or the Negev and known from the toponymic list of Shoshenq I (10th century B.C.) and certainly from the inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser (8th century B.C.). The case of "Uriah the Hittite" is somewhat different, because the man in question was ewri Hutiya, bearing the Hurrian title "lord" or "king" and a Hurrian personal name. He was apparently continuing the lineage of Hurrian princes of Jerusalem known from some Amarna letters of the 14th century B.C. Hurrian political and military influence in Canaan is well attested, but the Nuzi analogies with patriarchal narratives hardly prove a characteristic Hurrian impact on Israelite customs and the early Hebrew literature. The role of Hurrians, called Horites in the Bible, could no longer be understood properly by the redactors of biblical books, but the realm of Urartu in Iron Age II Anatolia seems to have been known quite well in scribal circles. ; Hittites appear quite often in the Bible, as usually translated, and they happen to be related, even nowadays, to the Hittite Empire of the Bronze Age. This understanding of the biblical texts does not take historical data into account. While some passages may allude to Neo-Hittite states of Syria or be inspired by the cuneiform use of Hatti in Iron Age II, other mentions must have referred originally to the North-Arabian tribe Hatti, living in southern Canaan or the Negev and known from the toponymic list of Shoshenq I (10th century B.C.) and certainly from the inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser (8th century B.C.). The case of "Uriah the Hittite" is somewhat different, because the man in question was ewri Hutiya, bearing the Hurrian title "lord" or "king" and a Hurrian personal name. He was apparently continuing the lineage of Hurrian princes of Jerusalem known from some Amarna letters of the 14th century B.C. Hurrian political and military influence in Canaan is well attested, but the Nuzi analogies with patriarchal narratives hardly prove a characteristic Hurrian impact on Israelite customs and the early Hebrew literature. The role of Hurrians, called Horites in the Bible, could no longer be understood properly by the redactors of biblical books, but the realm of Urartu in Iron Age II Anatolia seems to have been known quite well in scribal circles. ; Hittites appear quite often in the Bible, as usually translated, and they happen to be related, even nowadays, to the Hittite Empire of the Bronze Age. This understanding of the biblical texts does not take historical data into account. While some passages may allude to Neo-Hittite states of Syria or be inspired by the cuneiform use of Hatti in Iron Age II, other mentions must have referred originally to the North-Arabian tribe Hatti, living in southern Canaan or the Negev and known from the toponymic list of Shoshenq I (10th century B.C.) and certainly from the inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser (8th century B.C.). The case of "Uriah the Hittite" is somewhat different, because the man in question was ewri Hutiya, bearing the Hurrian title "lord" or "king" and a Hurrian personal name. He was apparently continuing the lineage of Hurrian princes of Jerusalem known from some Amarna letters of the 14th century B.C. Hurrian political and military influence in Canaan is well attested, but the Nuzi analogies with patriarchal narratives hardly prove a characteristic Hurrian impact on Israelite customs and the early Hebrew literature. The role of Hurrians, called Horites in the Bible, could no longer be understood properly by the redactors of biblical books, but the realm of Urartu in Iron Age II Anatolia seems to have been known quite well in scribal circles.

International audience ; The Hattian language preceded Hittite in central Anatolia. The Hattian people, who spoke this language, were responsible for the culture which flourished in central Anatolia in the third millennium B.C. At the end of this period (or possibly before it), proto-Indo-Europeans infiltrated the peninsula and became part of hattian society, assimilating their language which eventually died out. Later, due to a change in political policy, this « dead » language was brought back. Hittite scribes transcribed / noted in cuneiform script Hattian texts. Therefore, the Hattian language is known to us through late Hittite scribal tradition. The texts we possess contain errors, variants, approximations, and thus emphasise the Hittite scribes' ignorance of this language as well as their problems in adapting it. Moreover, there are traces of the Hattian language in Hittite since vocabulary, borrowed from the Hattian lexicon, and grammatical and morphological features, are found in Hittite texts. The study of the work of the scribes also allows us to understand certain features of Hittite which are to be reconsidered in light of the Hattian substrate. ; Le hatti est la langue qui a précédé le hittite en Anatolie centrale. Les utilisateurs de cette langue étaient les Hattis, porteurs de la culture de l'Anatolie centrale au IIIe millénaire avant J.-C. A la fin du IIIe millénaire (peut-être avant), des éléments proto-indo-européens s'infiltraient dans la péninsule, s'intégraient dans la société hattie et assimilaient leur langue, qui a fini par disparaître. Plus tard, grâce à une volonté politique, cette langue a été restaurée. Les scribes hittites ont alors transcrit/noté en cunéiforme les textes hattis. Donc, le hatti ne nous est connu que par la tradition scribale hittite tardive. Les textes que nous possédons contiennent des fautes, des variantes, des approximations, et mettent en lumière la méconnaissance que les scribes hittites avaient de cette langue, et sans doute aussi des problèmes d'adaptation. ...

International audience ; The Hattian language preceded Hittite in central Anatolia. The Hattian people, who spoke this language, were responsible for the culture which flourished in central Anatolia in the third millennium B.C. At the end of this period (or possibly before it), proto-Indo-Europeans infiltrated the peninsula and became part of hattian society, assimilating their language which eventually died out. Later, due to a change in political policy, this « dead » language was brought back. Hittite scribes transcribed / noted in cuneiform script Hattian texts. Therefore, the Hattian language is known to us through late Hittite scribal tradition. The texts we possess contain errors, variants, approximations, and thus emphasise the Hittite scribes' ignorance of this language as well as their problems in adapting it. Moreover, there are traces of the Hattian language in Hittite since vocabulary, borrowed from the Hattian lexicon, and grammatical and morphological features, are found in Hittite texts. The study of the work of the scribes also allows us to understand certain features of Hittite which are to be reconsidered in light of the Hattian substrate. ; Le hatti est la langue qui a précédé le hittite en Anatolie centrale. Les utilisateurs de cette langue étaient les Hattis, porteurs de la culture de l'Anatolie centrale au IIIe millénaire avant J.-C. A la fin du IIIe millénaire (peut-être avant), des éléments proto-indo-européens s'infiltraient dans la péninsule, s'intégraient dans la société hattie et assimilaient leur langue, qui a fini par disparaître. Plus tard, grâce à une volonté politique, cette langue a été restaurée. Les scribes hittites ont alors transcrit/noté en cunéiforme les textes hattis. Donc, le hatti ne nous est connu que par la tradition scribale hittite tardive. Les textes que nous possédons contiennent des fautes, des variantes, des approximations, et mettent en lumière la méconnaissance que les scribes hittites avaient de cette langue, et sans doute aussi des problèmes d'adaptation. Par ailleurs, le hatti a laissé des traces dans la langue hittite, puisque celle-ci a emprunté du lexique, mais aussi des constructions, des traits morphologiques. L'étude de ce travail des scribes nous permet aussi de mieux comprendre certaines particularités du hittite, qu'il faut reconsidérer à l'aune du substrat hatti.

Intro -- COVER Front -- Copyright Page -- Table of CONtENTS -- Chapter 1 -- Foreseeing the Future, Classifying the Present: On the Concepts of Law and Order in the Omen Literature -- Chapter 2: Le vol à l'époque paléo- babylonienne : L'application de la loi à travers la jurisprudence -- Chapter 3: "Let the Sleeping Dogs Lie" or the Taboo (NÍG.GIG=ikkibu) of the Sacredness of Sleepas Order and Noise at Night ("tapage nocturne") as Disorder in Some Ancient Near Eastern Texts -- Chapter 4: Lorsque les généraux prêtent serment ... : Quelques remarques sur l'usage du serment deloyauté (depuis la documentation d'Ur III jusqu'àl'époque néo- assyrienne) -- Chapter 5: Unjust Law: Royal Rhetoric or Social Reality -- Chapter 6: The Vocabulary of Rebellion in Neo- Assyrian Documents -- Chapter 7: Legal Fiction in Emar and Ekalte: A Source of Order or Disorder in the Legal System -- Chapter 8: What the "Man of One Mina" Wanted: Law and Commerce in the Ur III Period -- Chapter 9: How Ancient Near Eastern Societies Regulated Life in the Community: Crucial Clues from Archaeology -- Chapter 10: A Variationist Approach to Orthographic and Phonological Peculiarities of the Language in the Laws of Hammurabi -- Chapter 11: "For Each Runaway Assyrian Fugitive, Let Me Replace Him One Hundred- Fold": Fugitives/ Runaways in the Neo- Assyrian Empire -- Chapter 12: Perfections of Justice? Measure for Measure Aspirations in Biblical and Cuneiform Sources -- Chapter 13: Luminous Oils and Waters of Wisdom: Shedding New Light on Oil Divination -- Chapter 14: Luminous Oils and Waters of Wisdom: Shedding New Light on Oil Divination -- (Chapter 15: Mis) Translating Gender: The Scribes Couldn't Have Been Competent, They Didn't Go to Yale -- Chapter 16: Rétablir l'ordre par la mort dans les textes législatifs du début du IIe millénaire av. J.-C. -- Chapter 17: To Be Guilty at Nuzi.

International audience ; Assyriology covers disciplines that concern the study of the ancient Near East, and more specifically the period and the geographic area defined by the use of cuneiform writing. Archaeologists, historians and art historians who conduct research in this field work in countries at war or in countries that do not respect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They are confronted with situations that affect their daily work. To better understand these situations, it is essential to understand the recent history of these countries, the role played by Western researchers in the rediscovery of antiquity, and the relationship of local politicians and populations to their past. In 2003, Assyriologists created the International Association for Assyriology to better address the situation in the Near East, and since 2014, they have reacted through official statements, before reflecting on the ethical behaviour of researchers. This concerns respect for the laws of the countries under study, cooperation with local scientists, the training of future generations and the well-being of the workforce employed on archaeological excavation sites. It concerns the means to be implemented for the safeguarding and restoration of cultural heritage, without cooperating with dictatorial regimes. Finally, the ethical behaviour of the researcher depends on the transmission of knowledge to the public, and in particular information to potential buyers about the danger of contributing to the trafficking of antiquities. ; Proche-Orient antique, et plus spécifiquement sur la période et la zone géographique définies par l'usage de l'écriture cunéiforme. Les archéologues, historiens et historiens de l'art qui mènent des recherches dans ce domaine, travaillent dans des pays en guerre ou des pays qui ne respectent pas la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme. Ils sont confrontés à des situations qui affectent leur travail au quotidien. Pour mieux appréhender les situations, il est indispensable de maîtriser ...

International audience ; Assyriology covers disciplines that concern the study of the ancient Near East, and more specifically the period and the geographic area defined by the use of cuneiform writing. Archaeologists, historians and art historians who conduct research in this field work in countries at war or in countries that do not respect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They are confronted with situations that affect their daily work. To better understand these situations, it is essential to understand the recent history of these countries, the role played by Western researchers in the rediscovery of antiquity, and the relationship of local politicians and populations to their past. In 2003, Assyriologists created the International Association for Assyriology to better address the situation in the Near East, and since 2014, they have reacted through official statements, before reflecting on the ethical behaviour of researchers. This concerns respect for the laws of the countries under study, cooperation with local scientists, the training of future generations and the well-being of the workforce employed on archaeological excavation sites. It concerns the means to be implemented for the safeguarding and restoration of cultural heritage, without cooperating with dictatorial regimes. Finally, the ethical behaviour of the researcher depends on the transmission of knowledge to the public, and in particular information to potential buyers about the danger of contributing to the trafficking of antiquities. ; Proche-Orient antique, et plus spécifiquement sur la période et la zone géographique définies par l'usage de l'écriture cunéiforme. Les archéologues, historiens et historiens de l'art qui mènent des recherches dans ce domaine, travaillent dans des pays en guerre ou des pays qui ne respectent pas la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme. Ils sont confrontés à des situations qui affectent leur travail au quotidien. Pour mieux appréhender les situations, il est indispensable de maîtriser ...

International audience ; Assyriology covers disciplines that concern the study of the ancient Near East, and more specifically the period and the geographic area defined by the use of cuneiform writing. Archaeologists, historians and art historians who conduct research in this field work in countries at war or in countries that do not respect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They are confronted with situations that affect their daily work. To better understand these situations, it is essential to understand the recent history of these countries, the role played by Western researchers in the rediscovery of antiquity, and the relationship of local politicians and populations to their past. In 2003, Assyriologists created the International Association for Assyriology to better address the situation in the Near East, and since 2014, they have reacted through official statements, before reflecting on the ethical behaviour of researchers. This concerns respect for the laws of the countries under study, cooperation with local scientists, the training of future generations and the well-being of the workforce employed on archaeological excavation sites. It concerns the means to be implemented for the safeguarding and restoration of cultural heritage, without cooperating with dictatorial regimes. Finally, the ethical behaviour of the researcher depends on the transmission of knowledge to the public, and in particular information to potential buyers about the danger of contributing to the trafficking of antiquities. ; Proche-Orient antique, et plus spécifiquement sur la période et la zone géographique définies par l'usage de l'écriture cunéiforme. Les archéologues, historiens et historiens de l'art qui mènent des recherches dans ce domaine, travaillent dans des pays en guerre ou des pays qui ne respectent pas la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme. Ils sont confrontés à des situations qui affectent leur travail au quotidien. Pour mieux appréhender les situations, il est indispensable de maîtriser ...