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Even though many would have bet on NATO's demise after the Cold War and consider it now to be an archaic, antiquated alliance — as the reality that led to its formation no longer exists to justify its purpose — the need for collective defence in an increasingly complicated security environment stands as grounds for its ever-growing importance and its need to adapt to a spectrum of challenges that is becoming more diversified. NATO has long surpassed its military defensive role and has adapted to new challenges and new threats, while it has broadened its security agenda accordingly. The 'out of area' missions that dragged the Alliance out of its borders brought more meaning to the community of shared values, whilst allowing it to become both a security exporter, and a values and norms exporter. The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission in Afghanistan comprises NATO's transformation and adaptation to the new security challenges and its diffusion of norms in the 'near abroad'. ; Even though many would have bet on NATO's demise after the Cold War and consider it now to be an archaic, antiquated alliance — as the reality that led to its formation no longer exists to justify its purpose — the need for collective defence in an increasingly complicated security environment stands as grounds for its ever-growing importance and its need to adapt to a spectrum of challenges that is becoming more diversified. NATO has long surpassed its military defensive role and has adapted to new challenges and new threats, while it has broadened its security agenda accordingly. The 'out of area' missions that dragged the Alliance out of its borders brought more meaning to the community of shared values, whilst allowing it to become both a security exporter, and a values and norms exporter. The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission in Afghanistan comprises NATO's transformation and adaptation to the new security challenges and its diffusion of norms in the 'near abroad'.

U ovome radu predložena je metoda za procjenu i upravljanje rizikom opskrbe pitkom vodom u području desantne vojne operacije na primjerima iz vojne povijesti. Desantna operacija jedna je od najrizičnijih vrsta vojne operacije, a opskrba vojnih postrojbi u takvoj operaciji predstavlja kritičnu logističku funkciju o kojoj, u znatnoj mjeri, može ovisiti uspjeh ili neuspjeh vojne operacije. Opskrba pitkom vodom predstavlja vrlo važan segment u cjelokupnoj opskrbi. S obzirom na to da je pitka voda resurs bez kojega se ne može, procjena i upravljanje rizikom opskrbe pitke vode zahtjev je koji se postavlja pred planere i zapovjednika vojne operacije. Procjena i upravljanje rizikom pitke vode područje je interesa i vojne logistike i vojnih geoznanosti. Matrica rizika opskrbe pitkom vodom "alat" je koji može pomoći planerima vojne operacije da realno procijene rizik, odrede razinu upravljanja rizikom (taktička/operativna/strateška) i načine upravljanja tim rizikom. Rizik opskrbe pitkom vodom u području desanta povećava se, odnosno raste kroz vrijeme ako se povećavaju desantne snage u području mostobrana, koji nije proširen na dovoljno veliku operativnu osnovicu s koje bi se mogla omogućiti održivost vojne operacije. Takva bi operativna osnovica, uz ostale poželjne karakteristike, trebala imati dovoljnu vodoopskrbnu infrastrukturu ili prirodne izvore pitke vode čija izdašnost može opskrbiti novopristigle snage dovoljnim količinama pitke vode. Primjer za povećavanje vojnih snaga u području mostobrana uz istovremeno nedovoljnu vodoopskrbnu infrastrukturu i prirodne izvore pitke vode jest desantna vojna operacija na Galipolju 1915. godine. Ako procjena rizika pokaže da je rizik opskrbe pitkom vodom u području mostobrana visok, odnosno da je strateški problem, tada takvim rizikom treba upravljati zapovjednik operacije i njegov stožer. Zapovjednik operacije već u fazi planiranja i pripreme operacije treba u strukturi snaga koje će provesti vojnu operaciju uključiti inženjerijske postrojbe (infrastrukturnu inženjeriju) koja može popraviti uništenu vodovodnu infrastrukturu ili ako na prostoru desanta nema takve infrastrukture, izraditi bunare za opskrbu pitkom vodom. Isto tako, u planu vojne operacije treba predvidjeti zauzimanje, osiguranje i zadržavanje takve ključne infrastrukture. Proces upravljanja rizikom omogućava razvoj strategije zauzimanja ključnoga zemljišta i postavljanje zadaća logističkim i inženjerijskim postrojbama u cilju povećane opskrbe pitkom vodom u području operacije. Ako je rizik opskrbe pitkom vodom umjeren, tada bi njime trebao upravljati glavni logistički časnik operacije, a ako je rizik malen, on bi trebao biti u nadležnosti nižih taktičkih zapovjednika. Kategorija 7 u matrici procjene rizika predstavlja iznimno visok ili neprihvatljiv rizik. Na temelju takve procjene rizika, zapovjednik vojne operacije može promijeniti mjesto iskrcavanja pomorskoga desanta ili otkazati desantnu operaciju. ; This paper proposes a method and a "tool" for the assessment and management of the risk of potable water supply in the amphibious military operation area through examples from military history. Amphibious landing is one of the riskiest types of military operations, and the supply of military units with potable water in such operations represents a critical logistic function that may depend on the success or failure of a military operation. Potable water supply is a very important segment in the overall supply, that is the resources without which a soldier cannot endure long-term combat, for there are many examples in military history like this, such as the Battle of Hattin in 1187. The assessment and management of drinking water risk is an area of interest for military logistics and military geosciences. The water supply risk assessment matrix is a "tool" that can help military planners to realistically assess the risk, to determine the level of risk management and a method through which to control this risk.

Tijekom rata 1992. godine, prošlo je u Bosanskoj posavini 6.105 vojnika kroz razne oblike zdravstvene skrbi. Poginulo je u to doba 920, teže ranjeno 3.258, a lakše ranjeno 1.927 vojnika. Oni su zbrinuti na sanitetskim etapama organiziranim na razini borbene linije, borbenog područja i veznog područja. Temelj zdravstvene struke na borbenoj liniji činile su bataljunske postaje, a na razini borbenog područja Medicinski centar Slavonski Brod. Njegova uloga bila je ključna, kako zbog kirurške obrade 5.418 ranjenika, tako i zbog definitivnog zbrinjavanja većine osoba koje su zatražile pomoć. U okolici Slavonskog Broda formirana su oporavilišta, a širom Hrvatske korištene su specijalizirane zdravstvene ustanove i rehabilitacijski centri, u kojima je, po potrebi, završavan proces liječenja. Takvom organizacijom zdravstvene skrbi umro je u Medicinskom centru Slavonski brod tijekom liječenja 161 ranjenik, što predstavlja mortalitet od 3,0%. ; During military operations in Bosanska Posavina in 1992, 6,105 soldiers of the Croatian Defence Council (Bosnian Croats and Mosliems) were treated at various health care levels: 920 soldiers were killed, 3,258 were heavily wounded and 1,927 lightly wounded. The treatment was provided in medical units organized at the front line, in the combat area and in the communication area. At the front line, medical service was organized as battalion units, whereas the area in general was medically covered by the Slavonski Brod Medical Center in Croatia. Slavonski Brod played a key role with surgical treatment of 5,418 wounded and definite care was offered to most subject seeking medical aid. The scarcity of medical personnel at the front front lines and long lines of transportation resulted in a 6.5% death rate (354 patients) during transportation from Bosnian batterfields to Slavonski Brod. By contrast, the mortality rate in Slavonski Brod Hospital was 3.0% (161 patient). Convalescence homes were established and health rehabilitation centers throughout Croatia accommodated those needing advanced treatment.

Krajem listopada 1993. pripadnici Armije Bosne i Hercegovine i Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova Bosne i Hercegovine realizirali su akciju "Trebević-2", koja je bila predstavljena kao konačni obračun s kriminalnim skupinama u muslimanskoj vojsci na području Sarajeva. Za razliku od proklamiranoga cilja, tu je akciju muslimanski politički i vojni vrh iskoristio za rješavanje zaoštrenih odnosa u vrhu Armije Bosne i Hercegovine. Ti narušeni odnosi eruptirali su u razdoblju nakon uspostave dužnosti zapovjednika Armije Bosne i Hercegovine kojom je degradiran načelnik Glavnoga štaba general Sefer Halilović. Usto je akcija "Trebević" poslužila i za skretanje odgovornosti muslimanskoga političkog i vojnog rukovodstva od ratnih zločina počinjenih u operaciji "Neretva 93", gdje su sudjelovale upravo jedinice Armije Bosne i Hercegovine iz Sarajeva protiv kojih je isplanirana i provedena navedena akcija. ; In October 1993, the Muslim political and military leadership, with the full support of the President of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, planned and implemented a military-police operation that was, officially, supposed to introduce order among the 'renegade' commanders of the 9th Motorised and 10th Mountain Brigades of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (AB&H). However, a reconstruction of the events that led up to the initiation of the mentioned operation casts doubt on the official version of the events. Namely, the Muslim political and military leadership had been aware of certain inappropriate activities of some units under its command as early as the first half of 1993, but failed to take any concrete actions to sanction them. On the contrary, despite being clearly aware of these problematic activities, the leadership of the AB&H continued to use such units in combat. In September 1993, parts of these units were actively involved in the operation 'Neretva 93', during which war crimes were committed against Croatian civilians in the village of Grabovica on 8 and 9 September. After a meeting held on 4 October 1993, the Muslim leadership headed by Izetbegović reached a decision to deal with the problematic military commanders of the AB&H and a part of the units under their control. However, this process of facing the criminal activities performed by members of the AB&H concealed the real conflict, which was the conflict about who had supreme influence over the army and in politics, and was actually between Izetbegović and the leader of the AB&H Chief of the General Staff, Sefer Halilović. The successful results of operation 'Trebević 2' left Izetbegović without any serious challengers to his authority.

Was Wesley Clark, NATO's commander-in-chief, right when he said that, instead of launching operation 'Allied Force' against it, the allies should have electronically isolated SR Yugoslavia? Yugoslav hackers & crackers used to good advantage the freedom of cyberspace. During NATO's intervention, they declared a real 'virtual war' to all the countries supportive of this campaign, particularly to the US. By swooping down by all available means on numerous official web pages of various American institutions & totally abusing the communicational freedoms on the Net, Yugoslav hackers in fact demonstrated a small part of the possibilities of the new e-force. However, the deleterious consequences of Yugoslav online users' activities were so harmful that they prodded the international community into issuing a blunt warning to the Serbian Telecom -- we shall switch you off from the Internet! The objective of this research is primarily to evidence a totally novel phenomenon on the Internet, the first organized virtual war taking place in cyberspace, at the time when a real military campaign was waged against SRY. One of the outcomes of these activities was 'striking out' the documents from the Net that had been preserved only in Mucalo & Svilicic's archive. There are no additional scientific resources, since the key sources for this article were the Internet & newspaper articles. Although envisaged as a medium available to all, the Internet must soon be safeguarded & protected by legal means. Otherwise, it might simply cave in under the onslaught of all abuses & innumerable viruses circulating the global cyberspace. Due to the increase in the number of users & services, it may be expected that soon a completely new branch of criminal law is to emerge -- computer crime. 2 Figures, 21 References. Adapted from the source document.

Srpska pobuna na početku devedesetih zahvatila je i zapadnu Slavoniju. Pobunjeni Srbi u zapadnoj Slavoniji radili su tijekom druge polovine 1990. i u 1991. na ustroju administrativno-teritorijalne cjeline koju bi činio prostor nastanjen srpskim stanovništvom između rijeka Save i Drave. Osnivanjem paradržave Republike Srpske Krajine (RSK) okupirano područje zapadne Slavonije ulazi u njezin sastav, čineći jednu od triju teritorijalnih jedinica tzv. RSK pod nazivom Srpska oblast Zapadna Slavonija. Središnji dio rada obrađuje razdoblje od početka 1992. godine odnosno od stupanja na snagu Sarajevskoga primirja (3. siječnja 1992.). U okviru prikaza razvoja srpske pobune u zapadnoj Slavoniji, kao dijela srpske agresije na Republiku Hrvatsku, situacija na bojištu prikazana je u osnovnim crtama jer je ovo istraživanje posvećeno prikazu političkih i društvenih prilika na promatranom području. Ustroj i djelovanje institucija, počevši od funkcioniranja državnih tijela uprave, policije i pravosudnog sustava, sustava javnih institucija i socijalnih službi, državnih privrednih poduzeća te vezano uz to i privatnog poduzetništva, kao i stupanj realizacije najnužnijih preduvjeta za funkcioniranje paradržave pobunjenih Srba na navedenom području, osnovne su istraživačke teme doktorskoga rada. Pri tome su analizirani resursi (financijski, gospodarski, kadrovski) s kojima su tzv. RSK i Srpska oblast Zapadna Slavonija raspolagale, te unutarnji i vanjski čimbenici koji su utjecali na proces ustroja srpske vlasti na okupiranom području, uključujući i promjene u političko-vojnim prilikama koje su utjecale na stanje u tzv. RSK. ; doktorskog rada (en.): The Serb rebellion in the beginning of the nineties appeared and spread also in the Western Slavonia. The rebelled Serbs in Western Slavonia worked during the first half of the 1990, and in the beginning of the 1991 on forming administrative - territorial zones which would include the area between the rivers Sava and Drava, inhabited by the Serb population. By establishment and founding of the Republic of Serbian Krajina ("RSK") the rest of the occupied territory held by rebelled Serbs in Western Slavonia became a part of RSK, being one of three territorial units of "RSK", under the official tittle of Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Western Slavonia. Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Western Slavonia was in many ways in specific position according to the other parts of "RSK", mostly because of its geographical segregation, isolation and considering the littleness of the territory it included. Due to the ineffective functioning of the so called state institutions in Knin that part of RSK was left on its own and to its very restricted, limited possibilities in revitalising economy and the state institutions. All of that resulted in the fact that the leadership of "SAO Zapadna Slavonija" was more cooperative and willing to work with the representatives of the UNPROFOR and even but in limited extent with the Croatian officials.rnThe main part of the work deals with the period after the cessation of armed conflicts which came to light in the beginning of 1992. The primary and capital goal of these doctoral dissertation was to describe and to elaborate the founding and acting of rebelled Serbs institutions, firstly from functioning of administration bodies, police, judicial system, secondly the research attention was given to system of public and social institutions, state companies and in accordance to that the author deals also with the operating of the private economical sector and the rate of realisation of the elementary preconditions needed for the functioning of the para-state of the rebelled Serbs in the defined domain of investigation. In doing so the author has analysed the disposal and use of financial, economic and personal resources of the RSK and the Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Western Slavonia. Furthermore the external and internal factors which influenced on the establishment of Serbian administration on the occupied Croatian ground additionally to earlier mentioned political-military circumstances which had effect on RSK were also a subject of study in the thesis.

Ovaj rad bavi se analizom mogućnosti uporabe društvenih mreža kao alata za promidžbu vojnih studijskih programa. Analizom situacije i društvenih mreža autor otkriva nužnost i učestalost korištenja društvenih mreža u marketinškoj komunikaciji, gdje se kao cilj postavlja oglašavanje, pogotovo kada se ciljana javnost sastoji od mladih ljudi. Nadalje, na temelju provedene analize autor naglašava iznimnu potrebu pokretanja digitalnog marketinga vojnih studijskih programa na pogodnim društvenim mrežama te predlaže i opisuje strategiju (način rada i upravljanja) tom vrstom promidžbe. Na temelju uočenog pada interesa javnosti za pridruživanje Oružanim snagama RH, s posebnim naglaskom na vojne studijske programe, uočena je važnost i nedostatci promidžbe na Hrvatskom vojnom učilištu (HVU) kao potencijalnom području napredovanja i rasta institucije. Takva situacija posljedica je neučinkovitosti sustava da prepozna važnost digitalnog marketinga te mu da potrebnu pozornost i unaprjeđenje. U jeku pandemije COVID-19 pokazala se potreba za okretanjem prema novim sferama marketinga i njihovom razvijanju unutar OSRH-a, koje se do sada nisu dovoljno razvijale – primarno misleći na društvene mreže i digitalni marketing. ; This paper deals with the analysis and research of the possibilities of using social networks as a tool for promoting military study programs. By analyzing the situation and social networks, the author reveals the necessity and frequency of using social networks in marketing communication where advertising is the goal, especially when the target public consists of young people. Furthermore, based on the analysis, the author emphasizes the strong need to launch digital marketing of military study programs on suitable social networks, proposes and describes the strategy (mode of operation and management) of this type of promotion. Based on the observed decline of public interest to join the Croatian Armed Forces (CAF), with special emphasis on military study programs, the importance, and shortcomings of promotion at the Croatian Defense Academy is noticed as a potential area for advancement and growth of the institution. This situation is a result of inefficiency of the system to recognize the importance of digital marketing and give it necessary attention and improvement. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a need to turn to and develop new spheres of marketing within the CAF that have not been developed enough so far - primarily referring to social networks and digital marketing.

ICT industry has decisive impact on the articulation of American national interests in cyberspace. The private sector presents itself as a guardian of privacy rights against criminal intrusions and possible government's misuse. But in reality certain initiatives for closer cooperation between private sector and government at the expense of privacy rights have come from ICT industry. This article presents the evolution of public-private partnership in cybersecurity issues. The partnership resulted in the establishment of a military-cyber-industrial complex which significantly influenced the drafting of CISPA and ACTA documents. Presidential Policy Directive 20 expresses to a much greater extent the interests of ICT industry than the values and purposes of International Strategy for Cyberspace. Adapted from the source document.

ICT industry has decisive impact on the articulation of American national interests in cyberspace. The private sector presents itself as a guardian of privacy rights against criminal intrusions and possible government's misuse. But in reality certain initiatives for closer cooperation between private sector and government at the expense of privacy rights have come from ICT industry. This article presents the evolution of public-private partnership in cybersecurity issues. The partnership resulted in the establishment of a military-cyber-industrial complex which significantly influenced the drafting of CISPA and ACTA documents. Presidential Policy Directive 20 expresses to a much greater extent the interests of ICT industry than the values and purposes of International Strategy for Cyberspace. Adapted from the source document.