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"There are many steps in the nitrogen cycle that include difficult concepts and words: denitrification, prokaryotes, ammonia, and more. With the help of this understandable book, even struggling readers will grasp this cycle of nature. Low-level language, fact boxes, and an extended glossary provide readers with essential vocabulary explanations that allow them to further understand each step of the cycle. Full-color diagrams aid readers' comprehension as they move through the cycle from start to finish--and then around again!"--

"Life on Earth depends on carbon. In fact, about 18.5 percent of a human body's mass is carbon! How carbon is taking in and given off through animals' breathing, the burning of fossil fuels, and more can be shown in the model known as the carbon cycle. Though this concept can be confusing, all readers have a chance to understand this concept through the text and simple diagrams in this book! Both struggling readers and those looking for review can find the most important components and vocabulary of the carbon cycle in low-level, accessible text."--

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of financial cycles using a large database covering 21 advanced countries over the period 1960:1-2007:4. Specifically, we analyze cycles in credit, house prices, and equity prices. We report three main results. First, financial cycles tend to be long and severe, especially those in housing and equity markets. Second, they are highly synchronized within countries, particularly credit and house price cycles. The extent of synchronization of financial cycles across countries is high as well, mainly for credit and equity cycles, and has been increasing

We examine the characteristics and comovement of cycles in house prices, credit, real activity and interest rates in advanced economies during the past 25 years, using a dynamic generalized factor model. House price cycles generally lead credit and business cycles over the long term, while in the short to medium term the relationship varies across countries. Interest rates tend to lag other cycles at all time horizons. While global factors are important, the U.S. business cycle, house price cycle and interest rate cycle generally lead the respective cycles in other countries over all time hori

Many historical processes exhibit recurrent patterns of change. Century-long periods of population expansion come before long periods of stagnation and decline; the dynamics of prices mirror population oscillations; and states go through strong expansionist phases followed by periods of state failure, endemic sociopolitical instability, and territorial loss. Peter Turchin and Sergey Nefedov explore the dynamics and causal connections between such demographic, economic, and political variables in agrarian societies and offer detailed explanations for these long-term oscillations--what the au.

Why do we experience business cycles? What creates them? Is it mass psychology, or phenomena in the management of business? Are the banks to blame or should we be looking to the unions and the politicians? Lars Tvede's story moves back in time to the Scottish gambler and financial genius, John Law, and then on to the distracted Adam Smith, the stockbroker Ricardo, the investment banker Thornton, the extrovert Schumpeter, the speculator Jay Gould and many others. The computer jugglers of the modern day, with giant networks of equations, try to solve the same questions that have attracted the at

Every living thing needs nitrogen -- What is the nitrogen cycle? -- Nitrogen fixation -- The marine nitrogen cycle -- Nitrification and denitrification -- Nitrogen assimilation and ammonification -- Man-made fertilizer -- Problems caused by overuse of fertilizers -- Crop rotation improves soil naturally -- Acid rain -- Nitrogen is an important element

Intro -- Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- What's Nitrogen? -- It's Everywhere! -- Changing Forms -- Nitrogen to Ammonia -- Nitrogen to Nitrates -- Nitrates to Nitrogen Gas -- Plants to Animals -- Back to the Soil -- Releasing Nitrogen -- Too Much Nitrogen -- Fossil Fuels -- Nitrous Oxide -- The Cycle at Work -- Steps in the Nitrogen Cycle -- Glossary -- For More Information -- Index -- Back Cover.

Intro -- CARBON CYCLE SCIENCE RESEARCH PRIORITIES AND CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATIONS -- CARBON CYCLE SCIENCE RESEARCH PRIORITIES AND CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 A U.S. CARBON CYCLE SCIENCE PLAN* -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- SECTION 2. HISTORY AND CONTEXT -- 2.1. The 1999 U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan -- 2.2. Implementation of the 1999 Science Plan -- 2.3. Other Relevant Developments Since the 1999 Science Plan -- 2.4. Successes and Remaining Challenges -- SECTION 3. FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE QUESTIONS -- 3.1. Question 1: How Do Natural Processes and Human Actions Affect the Carbon Cycle on Land, in the Atmosphere, and in the Oceans? -- 3.2. Question 2: How Do Policy and Management Decisions Affect the Levels of the Primary Carbon-Containing Gases, Carbon Dioxide and Methane, in the Atmosphere? -- 3.3. Question 3: How Are Ecosystems, Species, and Natural Resources Impacted by Increasing Greenhouse Gas Concentrations, ahe Associated Changes in Climate, and by Carbon Management Decisions? -- 3.4. The Critical Role of Observations -- 3.5. Dealing with Uncertainty -- SECTION 4. SCIENCE PLAN GOALS -- 4.1. Goal 1: Provide Clear and Timely Explanation of Past and Current Variations Observed in Atmospheric CO2 and CH4 - and the Uncertainties Surrounding Them -- 4.1.1. Motivation -- 4.1.2. Progress over the Last Decade -- 4.1.3. Major Uncertainties -- 4.1.4. Scientific Directions -- Establish a Continuity Plan and Continue Expansion of Carbon Observing Networks -- Conduct Manipulative Experiments and Process Studies to Provide Mechanistic Understanding of Responses and Feedbacks to Changing Greenhouse Gas Concentrations and Climate -- Develop Models Capable of Constraining Process-Based Understanding of Carbon Flux Variability -- 4.1.5. Related Issues.