Suchergebnisse

The article presents the characteristics of health care in the United States and Russia during the 2020 pandemic, which made it possible to highlight the general methods of fighting the virus, as well as the successes and failures of each of them ; В статье представлены характеристики здравоохранения США и России в период пандемии 2020 года, что позволило выделить общие методы борьбы с вирусом, а также успехи и поражения каждой из систем.

The subject of the article is the legal basis of human rights and freedoms, including their restriction as one of the aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the research is to confirm or confute the hypothesis that the restriction of human rights in particular the right to life, the right to health and freedom of movement in Russia during COVID-19 pandemic is legally justified.The methodology of research includes the formal legal interpretation of legal acts as well as the comparative analysis of Russian and foreign legal literature. The authors analyze and interpret international law, including international treaties and the law of foreign states as well as law of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.The main results. Restrictive measures of main human rights may lead to the violation of the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, and can also create conditions for abuse of authority while applying the rules governing the emergency situations. International human rights law allows the suspension of certain rights in an emergency that threatens the life of the nation. This can only be done in cases where the emergency has been officially declared, the adoption of emergency measures is caused by an urgent need in the current situation, does not contradict other obligations under international law, is limited in time and does not lead to discrimination. The provisions of the Russian Constitution provide criteria, which observance is mandatory when introducing restrictions on human and civil rights and freedoms. However, no state of emergency was introduced in the Russian Federation. The state has adopted the self-isolation regime that does not have sufficient legal regulation. It has created legal uncertainty. The legal basis of measures to restrict freedom of movement is questionable. It seems these measures go beyond the high-alert regime and require the adoption of regulations that meet the requirements of legislation in the field of emergency situations. The realization of the right to health requires a solution to the problem of coordinating the needs of other patients and patients with COVID-19.Conclusions. Based on the analysis of international law, the law of foreign states and lawmaking activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation in the context of the spread of coronavirus, the authors conclude that the created legal framework for regulating the current situation is characterized by inconsistency, lack of «transparency» and radicality. Unfortunately, the pandemic has shown that regulation in sphere of emergencies, as well as health care, was not fully prepared for active spread of coronovirus. It is necessary to ensure that all emergency measures, including the imposition of a state of emergency, are lawful, proportionate, necessary and non-discriminatory, with a specific purpose and duration. ; Рассматривается реализация прав и свобод человека, в том числе в контексте их ограничения, как один из аспектов пандемии COVID-19. Особое внимание уделяется праву на жизнь, праву на здоровье и свободу передвижения. На основе анализа международного права, права зарубежных государств, а также соответствующей нормотворческой деятельности российских федеральных и региональных органов государственной власти в условиях распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции делается вывод, что созданная правовая база по регулированию сложившейся ситуации характеризуется противоречивостью, отсутствием «прозрачности» и радикальностью.

Covid-19 is highly relevant in 2020; among other things, it is attracting new global socio-communicative and linguistic research. Scholars are addressing the linguistic response to the social and psychological situation in different countries in the era of coronavirus. Thus, the Editorial Board has created a forum for specialists to communicate (in writing), one which makes it possible to provide information about their sources on Covid-19 and illustrate theoretical materials. The participants chose to analyse different aspects of language during the pandemic; medical terminology and its relevant vocabulary were the same for all countries. The conversation goes beyond the scope of linguistics, as it is important for the researchers to characterise measures taken by governments to combat Covid-19 and the public's reaction to them as reflected through language. Additionally, the authors focus on spontaneous linguistic responses to the pandemic in the form of language games, metaphors, and references to historical memory of combatting disasters. The pandemic has also caused long-standing forms of speech communication to change. Researchers from different European countries have taken part: Arto Mustajoki (University of Helsinki, Finland; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia), Nadezjda Zorikhina Nilsson (Stockholm University, Sweden), Rafael Guzmán Tirado (University of Granada, Spain), Anna Tous-Rovirosa and Daria Dergacheva (Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain). The conversation was moderated by Irina Vepreva and Tatiana Itskovich (Ural Federal University Yekaterinburg, Russia). ; Тема Covid‑19, актуальная для этого года, обретает новые грани как исследовательская проблема мирового масштаба в социокоммуникативном и лингвистическом аспектах. Исследователи обращаются к проблеме языкового реагирования на социально-психологическую обстановку, сложившуюся в разных странах в эпоху коронавируса. Объективные обстоятельства современного общения заставляют научное сообщество искать новый формат обсуждения насущных проблем. Предложенная редколлегией журнала форма письменного диалога позволяет как привести информацию об источниках высказываний о коронавирусе, так и подкрепить теоретические положения ссылками на научные изыскания. Участники дискуссии выбрали различные аспекты анализа языкового существования в период пандемии. В поле наблюдений были включены вопросы, связанные с лексиконом дискурса пандемии, который носит глобальный характер: медицинская терминология и актуальная лексика оказались общими для всех стран. Разговор выходит за рамки лингвистического обзора, поскольку важно было охарактеризовать действия правительства по борьбе с коронавирусом и общественную реакцию на эти действия, отраженную в языковых явлениях. В стороне не осталось обсуждение стихийно складывающейся языковой реакции на пандемию, выраженной в фактах языковой игры и метафорики, а также обращения к исторической памяти народа о противостоянии бедствиям. Пандемия оказала влияние и на устоявшиеся формы речевой коммуникации. В обсуждении приняли участие исследователи из разных стран Европы: Арто Мустайоки (А. М.; Хельсинкский университет, Финляндия; Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Москва, Россия), Надежда Зорихина-Нильссон (Н. З.-Н.; Стокгольмский университет, Швеция), Рафаэль Гусман Тирадо (Р. Г.-Т.; Гранадский университет, Испания), Анна Тоус-Ровироса, Дарья Дергачева (А. Т.-Р., Д. Д.; Свободный университет Барселоны, Испания). Модераторами обсуждения стали Ирина Вепрева и Татьяна Ицкович (И. В., Т. И.; Уральский федеральный университет, Екатеринбург, Россия). ; Artikelns språk är ryska och engelska. Engelsk titel: Covid-19 : A Disaster in the Linguistic Dimension of Different Countries Transkriberad titel: Covid-19 : katastrofa v jazykovom izmerenii raznych stran

In view of unprecedented public policy measures aimed at lockdowns of the whole countries across the world, due to the spread of COVID-19 disease, it is becoming obvious that such measures requiring prolonged switching off the economies, are mainly disproportional to the threat, excessive and, therefore, must be reconsidered as soon as possible. Passiveness and laxness of politicians may cause tremendous financial losses to budgets, damage to economies, transition to constant violation of constitutions and human rights. An Open Letter to Federal Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel disclosing the incorrect interpretation of COVID-19 data by media and politicians, was prepared by the author and is taken as a basis of this communiqué.

The article explores the issue of the structural transformation of the contemporary American academic system, namely one of the main formats existing in it – universities and their functioning during the first months of the spread of coronavirus infection. The COVID-19 pandemic has had the vast and most comprehensive impact on the higher education systems of the first world countries, which was demonstrated in the article. It is worth noting that the actively current trends of digitalisation, computerisation and the general implementation of the advancements of the scientific and technological progress of the higher education system were overlapped by the new emergency conditions of the pandemic and the need to choose a different format of functioning in the current situation. The ongoing transformations and structural alterations are most visible in the United States of America, due to a number of factors – from the historical dynamism of the development of the American higher education system to its active role in the development and rollout of technological advancements. The American academic system is introduced and analysed in two main formats: public universities and private ones. Each group of the indicated universities has chosen its own strategy of functioning and implemented it in practice, resting on individual factors and conditions. Nevertheless, there is already a separation between these two large groups of American universities in the implementation of functioning strategies during the coronavirus pandemic. The analysis of factors, conditions, contexts and actions of universities from these groups allows us to understand not only the dynamics of the development of the American academic system at the moment but also will allow us to comprehend its future transformations and alterations. ; В представленной статье исследуется вопрос структурной трансформации современной американской академической системы, а точнее, одного из основных существующих в ней форматов – университетов, и их функционирования ...

Dargestellt werden Aufgaben der gegenwärtigen Nationalitätenpolitik, die auf die Lösung nationaler Probleme im Rahmen der sozialistischen Demokratie und Gesetzlichkeit ausgerichtet sind. Betont wird die Notwendigkeit der Anerkennung des Rechts jeder Nation auf freie Entwicklung und Gleichberechtigung im multinationalen Staat UdSSR, der Verbesserung nationaler Beziehungen und der Festigung der Völkergemeinschaft und der Solidarität im Prozeß des Aufbaus der sozialistischen Gesellschaft. (BIOst-Ldg)

Die Parteikonferenz stellt fest, daß der Aufbau eines sozialistischen Rechtsstaates gleichermaßen mit dem Ausbau der sozialistischen Gesetzgebung und ihrer verfassungsrechtlichen Absicherung auf der Grundlage der demokratischen Grundsätze erfolgen sollte. Betont wird die Notwendigkeit der Durchführung der Rechtsreform. Neben intendierten Änderungen der sowjetischen Gesetzgebung sollen Garantien für Wahrung der Grundrechte des Volkes in der juristischen Praxis geschaffen werden. (BIOst-Ldg)

В статье на основе теории концептуальной метафоры рассматриваются метафорические единицы из Белой книги "Меры Китая по противостоянию коронавирусной эпидемии". ; The White Paper of the People's Republic of China "China's Measures to Counter the Coronavirus Epidemic" is an important official document that summarizes the experience of combating the COVID-19 epidemic in China.