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As governments at last get down to business in the Tokyo Round of GATT negotiations, much is going to depend on the extent to which agreement is reached between the European Community, Japan and the United States. In this connection, it is important that people should understand the ways of the Japanese, particularly their decision-making process which somewhat seems to inhibit their ability to negotiate.

The design of alternative courses of action is an essential part of decision making, but one that has been neglected in theory & practice. A pilot study of alternatives design in organizations suggests that in the design stage choice already focuses on a few alternatives, thus highlighting the importance of design in affecting the quality of outcomes. Design may be search or creativity, or a blend of both. While search is probably a significant part of design, there may be a residue of basically irrational creativity. It is suggested that design be deliberately undertaken in decision- & policy making, by intensifying search, developing & utilizing design methods, & providing organizational creativity-enhancing environments. 71 References. HA.

The Legislative Decision Making Process is an educational role play for graduate or undergraduate students concerning the political and pressure relationships involved in the political decision-making process. The role play reviews the implications of the decision-making processes upon the provision of services by governmental agencies.The role play engages from twenty to sixty students in a simulated budget-making and lobbying experience and utilizes this experience to teach students:1.The values and pressures considered by bureaucracies and the Legislature in decision-making;2.The relationships which exist between clients, community groups, administrators and politicians;3.The various techniques of Community Organization for lobbying and Legislative influence.The role play consists of various groups of students in roles which include legislators, administrators of three major state departments, two minor state departments, parent groups, Concerned Citizen groups, American Indians disabled individuals and ex-clients.

In recent years many countries have experienced stagnation or even decline in the amount of mortgage credits granted to households.The credit-granting process has become significantly complicated, less transparent and excessively time consuming. This study seeksto define the improvement opportunities for credit granting through creation of a simple, transparent and accountable framework ofdecision-making process. To achieve this purpose the authors used qualitative method – structured interview and graphical tools –decision tree. The developed framework makes it possible to identify areas of the credit granting that might have potential for considerableimprovements. The empirical results of the study indicate that decision-making process in credit granting has considerablepotential for improvements. The developed framework is supposed to help commercial banks to improve the quality and efficiencyof the decision-making process in the credit granting and reduce cost of credit granting process. This is possible to achieve by cuttingdown the duration time of alternative solutions with negative outcome – credit denial. This research introduces a valuable frameworkof transparent and accountable model of decision-making process in the credit granting. The authors have found that the introducedframework is suitable not only for commercial banks but also for a wide range of organizations having similar complicated andmultiple staged decision-making processes.KEY WORDS: lending, credit granting, process analysis, decision making

Over the past half century, scholars in the interdisciplinary field of judgment and decision making have amassed a trove of findings, theories, and prescriptions regarding the processes ordinary people enact when making choices. This body of knowledge, however, has had little influence on sociology. Sociological research on choice emphasizes how features of the social environment shape individual outcomes, not people's underlying decision processes. Our aim in this article is to provide an overview of selected ideas, models, and data sources from decision research that can fuel new lines of inquiry into how socially situated actors navigate both everyday and major life choices. We also highlight opportunities and challenges for cross-fertilization between sociology and decision research that can allow each field to expand its range of inquiry.