Suchergebnisse

"Publicado en la Gaceta Oficial del 19 de deciembre de 1906."--T.p., v. 4. ; Each vol. has individual title. ; Vols. 1-3 lack title page. ; Includes indexes. ; Title and imprint from title page of v. 4. ; Mode of access: Internet.

After several high profile incidents of police misconduct like the Rodney King beating and others, the federal government received public pressure from local communities demanding oversight and police reform of local, county, and state law enforcement agencies that are unable to police themselves. According to Kupferberg (2008), "this led to the 1994 passage of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act. Section 14141 of this Act allows the U.S. Attorney General to bring an action for equitable relief against police department for unconstitutional "patterns or practices of misconduct" (p.130). While the Act has its critics on both side of the political aisle, there is no doubt that consent decrees have been a powerful tool in forcing substantial police reform in police departments that have refused to change their method of policing and self-accountability. Consent decrees has led to the integration of contemporary data-driven information management systems that allow police supervisors to identify potential problem police officers, increased reality based training for police officers, and updated and modernized police policies and procedures involving use of force incidents and complaints. They have also led to better community outreach and engagement. Those reforms enacted by consent decrees have been successful, and the Department of Justice should continue to use consent decrees as the primary paradigm to reform those law enforcement agencies that, due to a "pattern or practice" of police misconduct, have loss the trust and confidence of the public they serve.

Calling out the tanks or filling out the forms? / John M. Carey and Matthew Soberg Shugart -- When the president governs alone : the Descretazo in Argentina, 1989-93 / Delia Ferreira Rubio and Matteo Goretti -- Presidential decree authority in Russia, 1991-95 / Scott Parrish -- Presidential usurpation or congressional preference? The evolution of executive decree authority in Peru / Gregory Schmidt -- Presidential decree authority in Venezuela / Brian F. Crisp -- Dancing without a lead : legislative decrees in Italy / Vincent Della Sala and Amie Kreppel -- The pen is mightier than the Congress : presidential decree power in Brazil / Timothy J. Power -- Executive decree authority in France / John D. Huber -- In search of the administrative president : presidential "decree" powers and policy implementation in the United States / Brian R. Sala -- Institutional design and executive decree / John M. Carey and Matthew Soberg Shugart

When presidents or prime ministers make law by decree, are we witnessing the usurpation of legislative authority? The increased frequency of policy-making by decree, in older democracies as well as in the newer regimes of Latin America and the post-communist world, has generated concern that legislatures are being marginalized and thus that democratic institutions are not functioning. Professors Carey and Shugart suggest which elements of constitutional design should (and should not) foster reliance on decree authority. Individual chapters then bring the experiences of Argentina, Brazil, France, Italy, Peru, Russia, the United States, and Venezuela to bear on the theory. The book combines broadly comparative analysis with intensive case studies to provide a more thorough understanding of the scope of executive authority across countries