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While climate change legislation is mired in Congress, several units in the Obama administration have been using their existing statutory authority to adopt rules or guidance requiring extensive disclosures about greenhouse gases (GHGs) in a wide variety of contexts. Every registered public company, the operators of many industrial facilities, and those involved in significant federal actions are now or will soon be covered by one or more of these requirements.

This report discusses the constitutional issues that may arise with respect to a federal law that would require disclosures of efforts to stimulate so-called "grassroots" lobbying activities by those entities and persons who are compensated to engage in such activities.

This paper analyzes the patenting decision of a successful inventor in a model of dynamic technology adoption with asymmetric firms. We show that the extent of the inventor's technological headstart is decisive for his patenting behavior. The overall patenting effect consists of two parts, a protective and a disclosure effect. If the technological headstart is high the negative disclosure effect may overcompensate the positive protective effect of a patent.In this case the inventor prefers secrecy. Welfare considerations show that a patent may be socially desirable even though it delays the first adoption of a new technology. -- patenting decision ; Secrecy ; disclosure requirement ; technology adoption ; patent height

In recent years, especially in national political campaigns, there has been much discussion about who is in the top 1% of American wealth, how they landed in this category, and what special income tax provisions perpetuate their status. As a reaction to this debate in this category, the Dodd Frank Act and the Consumer Protection Act of 2010 have mandated disclosure by publicly registered companies to disclose the median employee to CEO pay ratio. The Securities and Exchange Commission has issued specific guidance on this requirement. That is the subject of this article.

In recent years, especially in national political campaigns, there has been much discussion about who is in the top 1% of American wealth, how they landed in this category, and what special income tax provisions perpetuate their status. As a reaction to this debate in this category, the Dodd Frank Act and the Consumer Protection Act of 2010 have mandated disclosure by publicly registered companies to disclose the median employee to CEO pay ratio. The Securities and Exchange Commission has issued specific guidance on this requirement. That is the subject of this article.

This paper reviews the literature on compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosure requirements for the post-2005 period. We adopt a structured literature review methodology and address three key questions: how is research on compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosure requirements developing; what is the focus and critique of the literature on compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosure requirements; and lastly, what is the future for research on compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosure requirements? We find that studies mostly draw samples from one country and mainly focus on small markets or less developed economies. Articles which use sample firms from more than one country tend to examine primarily large firms from EU countries. We identify accounting standards which are commonly associated with low compliance and discuss factors affecting compliance. We note that only a limited number of studies examine the market consequences of compliance. Although we identify multiple scoring methods used in the literature, most studies employ a single method in isolation, despite the shortcomings of this approach. Only a small proportion of studies considers materiality of the disclosures investigated or performs validity and reliability tests. Finally, we discuss policy implications arising from this stream of research and suggest avenues for future research.

This paper reviews the literature on compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosure requirements for the post-2005 period. We adopt a structured literature review methodology and address three key questions: how is research on compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosure requirements developing; what is the focus and critique of the literature on compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosure requirements; and lastly, what is the future for research on compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosure requirements? We find that studies mostly draw samples from one country and mainly focus on small markets or less developed economies. Articles which use sample firms from more than one country tend to examine primarily large firms from European Union (EU) countries. We identify accounting standards which are commonly associated with low compliance and discuss factors affecting compliance. We note that only a limited number of studies examine the market consequences of compliance. Although we identify multiple scoring methods used in the literature, most studies employ a single method in isolation, despite the shortcomings of this approach. Only a small proportion of studies considers materiality of the disclosures investigated or performs validity and reliability tests. Finally, we discuss policy implications arising from this stream of research and suggest avenues for future research.