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Sensing infrastructures are classically used in the IoT to collect data. However, a deep knowledge of sensing infrastructures is needed to properly interact with the deployed systems. For software engineers, targeting these systems is tedious. First, the specifies of the platforms composing the infrastructure compel them to work with little abstractions and heterogeneous devices. This can lead to code that badly exploit the network infrastructure. Moreover, by being infrastructure specific, these applications cannot be easily reused across different systems. Secondly, the deployment of an application is outside the domain expertise of a software engineer as she needs to identify the required platform(s) to support her application. Lastly, the sensing infrastructure might not be designed to support the concurrent execution of various applications leading to redundant deployments when a new application is contemplated. In this thesis we present an approach that supports (i) the definition of data collection policies at high level of abstraction with a focus on their reuse, (ii) their deployment over a heterogeneous infrastructure driven by models designed by a network export and (iii) the automatic composition of the policy on top of the heterogeneous sensing infrastructures. Based on these contributions, a software engineer can exploit sensor networks without knowing the associated details, while reusing architectural abstractions available off-the-shelf in their policy. The network will also be shared automatically between the policies. ; Les réseaux de capteurs sont utilisés dans l'IoT pour collecter des données. Cependant, une expertise envers les réseaux de capteurs est requise pour interagir avec ces infrastructures. Pour un ingénieur logiciel, cibler de tels systèmes est difficile. Les spécifications des plateformes composant l'infrastructure de capteurs les obligent à travailler à un bas niveau d'abstraction et à utiliser des plateformes hétérogènes. Cette fastidieuse activité peut conduire à un code ...

Sensing infrastructures are classically used in the IoT to collect data. However, a deep knowledge of sensing infrastructures is needed to properly interact with the deployed systems. For software engineers, targeting these systems is tedious. First, the specifies of the platforms composing the infrastructure compel them to work with little abstractions and heterogeneous devices. This can lead to code that badly exploit the network infrastructure. Moreover, by being infrastructure specific, these applications cannot be easily reused across different systems. Secondly, the deployment of an application is outside the domain expertise of a software engineer as she needs to identify the required platform(s) to support her application. Lastly, the sensing infrastructure might not be designed to support the concurrent execution of various applications leading to redundant deployments when a new application is contemplated. In this thesis we present an approach that supports (i) the definition of data collection policies at high level of abstraction with a focus on their reuse, (ii) their deployment over a heterogeneous infrastructure driven by models designed by a network export and (iii) the automatic composition of the policy on top of the heterogeneous sensing infrastructures. Based on these contributions, a software engineer can exploit sensor networks without knowing the associated details, while reusing architectural abstractions available off-the-shelf in their policy. The network will also be shared automatically between the policies. ; Les réseaux de capteurs sont utilisés dans l'IoT pour collecter des données. Cependant, une expertise envers les réseaux de capteurs est requise pour interagir avec ces infrastructures. Pour un ingénieur logiciel, cibler de tels systèmes est difficile. Les spécifications des plateformes composant l'infrastructure de capteurs les obligent à travailler à un bas niveau d'abstraction et à utiliser des plateformes hétérogènes. Cette fastidieuse activité peut conduire à un code ...

Questo libretto presenta la "Piattaforma d'Azione di Chennai" per il potenziamento del contributo delle risorse fitogenetiche per il raggiungimento degli Obiettivi di Sviluppo del Millennio (MDGs), in particolare quelli suula riduzione di fame e povertà. Il piano d'azione descritto in questo libretto intende aiutare i governi nazionali e le agenzie internazionali a raggiungere il dimezzamento di fame e povertà entro il 2015. Il documento promuove il principio di dare alla biodiversità agraria maggiore importanza nelle strategie di sviluppo nazionali e internazionali e quello di creare condizioni necessarie per politiche di uso sostenibile di tale ricchezza a beneficio dei più poveri e degli emarginati della nostra società. Il piano d'azione fa appello ad una maggiore collaborazione internazionale nella conservazione e nell'uso sostenibile ed equo dei benefici derivanti dall'uso della biodiversità agraria. Sottolinea altresì il bisogno urgente di azione per il raggiungimento dei MDGs nei modi appropriati ai vari contesti nazionali.

Cette brochure présente le « Programme d'action de Chennai » dont le but est de renforcer le rôle des ressources phytogénétiques dans l'accomplissement des Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD), et tout particulièrement la réduction de la faim et de la pauvreté. Le programme d'action décrit dans cette brochure est destiné à aider les gouvernements nationaux et les agences internationales à réaliser l'objectif de réduire de moitié la faim et la pauvreté d'ici 2015. Il met l'accent sur le principe d'accorder une plus grande importance à la biodiversité agricole dans les stratégies de développement nationales et internationales et de créer les conditions politiques nécessaires pour permettre une utilisation durable de cette richesse pour le bénéfice des membres les plus pauvres et les plus marginalisés de notre société. Le programme d'action appelle à une collaboration internationale renforcée au niveau de la conservation et à un partage durable et équitable des bénéfices résultant de l'utilisation de la biodiversité agricole. Il souligne le besoin urgent d'une action appropriée au niveau national afin de satisfaire les OMD.

During the last thirty years, the researchers working within the orientation known as 'pragmatic sociology' have produced a considerable amount of empirical investigations relating to all areas of social life. In accordance with the theoretical and methodological assumptions they intended to defend, they have developed significantly new ways to conduct their inquiries, to collect data, to explore their fields, to think through the cases and controversies they used as entry points to explore the social order and its always problematic reproduction. The aim of this paper is to characterize by highlighting ten points the pragmatic style in sociology and to specify what are its methodological requisites and practical implications in the conduct of research. Adapted from the source document.

An investigation of holistic phenomena (collective or social identities), informed by the social identity theory work of H. Tajfel & J. C. Turner, draws on 6 population surveys conducted 1988-1991 of Ss (N = 6,000) in the Belgian region of Walloon. Wallobarometer surveys are based on a specific operationalization of processual collective identity, ie, a complex concept measured at the individual level -- but part of the projects of social actors, & understood independent of outward appearances. A sociopolitically sensitive method for analyzing variation in groups & classes in one society, survey research can also be applied to macrosocial studies of historical issues. Further implications for survey research are explored, focusing on the greater realism provided by microsocial behavior theories. 5 Tables. Adapted from the source document.