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AbstractThis essay explores various reasons and politics behind learning a field research language that go beyond the merely pragmatic function of being a tool to collect data. Moreover, the role of language competency in one's field language is interlinked with the ethics of conducting research and by reflecting on specific ethnographic contexts in Guatemala, it is possible to explore some of the contours of participatory research. One dimension, the appropriate language competency in cultural context, collaboration is considered foundational to participatory research. It is argued that ethnographers' collaborators and friends in their research sites shape the roles and language use. In some cases, it is unethical and culturally disrespectful to not use the language preferred by collaborators. In short, the language used in participatory projects is not just about data collection, it is an ethical choice.

AbstractBackgroundWithin the context of the Special Interest Research Group (SIRG) on Persons with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities (PIMD), researchers often discuss the methodological problems and challenges they are confronted with. The aim of the current article was to give an overview of these challenges.MethodsThe challenges are centred on six topics. These reflect the main components of a study's design: (a) participant demarcation, (b) participant recruitment, (c) data collection and instruments, (d) data analysis, (e) ethics/including the "voice" of persons with PIMD and (f) theoretical models.ResultsNext, to describing the specific challenges, possible solutions and pathways to address them are discussed. These are illustrated by recent studies by the authors and other researchers in the field.ConclusionsThe current contribution wants to stimulate further discussion and exchange of ideas, and the development of creative research techniques.

This study aims to analyze the Effect of Perception of Behavioral Control, Attitude, and Wrongdoer Status on Whistleblowing Auditor Behavior. The sample of this study consisted of Auditors of the Bali Province Certified Financial and Development Agency (BPKP) of 55 people. The data collection method used is using a questionnaire distributed to the Auditors of the Bali Province Certified Financial and Development Agency (BPKP). Data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS (Statistica Program and Service Solution) program. Referring to the results of the analysis, that Perception of Behavioral Control has a positive effect on Whistleblowing Auditors. The attitude has a positive effect on the Whistleblowing Auditor. Wrongdoer status has a positive effect on Whistleblowing Auditors. Perception of Behavioral Control, Attitude, and Wrongdoer Status have a positive effect on Whistleblowing Auditors.

This cross-cultural qualitative study investigated the attitudes and perceptions of language students towards computer-assisted language learning (CALL). We examined the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of CALL in language education according to Iranian and Spanish students' perceptions and attitudes. In addition, we found out the differences between Iranian and Spanish language students' perceptions and attitudes towards CALL. The participants were 237 language students, and the researchers applied an online 10 open-ended question instrument for data collection and a SWOT analysis for data analysis. The findings of the content analysis revealed that many language students in Iran and Spain approved that CALL provides a wide range of tools, resources and materials for language learning. Among many pedagogical implications, this study suggests more CALL programs in order to enhance students' CALL literacy.

Women and men often do not experience equal mobility opportunities in their societies. Increasingly gender is being recognised to play a significant role in transport planning, particularly for addressing individual mobility needs in urban and rural areas. Recent advances in studying mobility behaviours (e.g., data collection through smartphone apps) also allow capturing data on activities done while travelling, as well as factors enhancing or degrading the people's travel experience. By understanding the link between female travellers' preferences, perceived values and behaviour, as well as experienced barriers, transport systems could be better tailored to women activity and mobility needs by putting the women perspective in centre stage. The objective of this paper is to present how the "Mobility and Time Value" (MoTiV) H2020 project addresses mobility value preposition differences across genders and generations in connection with cultural and social contexts in 8 EU countries.

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the internal control system on the quality of local government financial reports on Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Mamasa. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. The sample in this research were 32 employee of Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Mamasa. This study uses simple random sampling technique. Data were analysed using regression analysis techniques, f-test, and t-test by software SPSS for windows. The results found that there was a significant influence between the control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring of the quality of financial statements simultaneously; partially, and there is a significant influence between the control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring of the quality of financial statements.

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between public perceptions about audit opinion, audit findings and the level of corruption in Papua Province (Case Study of the Government of Keerom Regency, Jayapura Regency and Sarmi Regency). A sample of 120 respondents consisted of 40 respondents from each district. Data collection techniques through questionnaires and data analysis using the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The results showed the greater the perception of audit opinions the greater the trust in corruption handled by the auditor. Meanwhile, the results of the study showed that the magnitude of audit findings carried out by BPK influenced the level of corruption that occurred. Audit findings can detect corruption in the government and local government efforts to make improvements according to the auditor's recommendations can significantly reduce the level of corruption.

This study aims to analyze the institutional capacity in Jeneponto Regency in the management of clean water. The study was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods. Data collection is done through observation and interview techniques, which are strengthened from data from related institutions. The results showed that five dimensions were used to look at institutional capacity, only one dimension contributed to increasing the existing institutional capacity, namely the Social Norms, Values and Practice dimensions. And for the other four dimensions namely, individual dimensions, organizational dimensions, organizational network dimensions, and public governance dimensions still need to be improved. Institutional capacity in the management of clean water in Jeneponto Regency requires rules that govern cooperation between all agencies that have a connection in the management of clean water. The government needs to give training and education to employees.

This paper aims to determine the policies implemented by the Papua National Narcotics Agency against drug trafficking. This article is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection methods through interviews and literature study. Data analysis using descriptive analysis model. The results showed that the role of BNN Papua is very central in the eastern region and the Indonesian border. The policies that have been planned by BNN with multi-stakeholder have been implemented, but the new modes adopted by the international network vary. The drug subscription policy cannot be carried out by one institution only, it needs to be supported by other government agencies and the community. The need for a serious role for the regional and central government in both preventive efforts and subscription programs in synergy with the Papua Provincial BNN.

The prime objective of the study is to examine the impact of perception of politics on organizational dissent. Moreover, mediating role of self enhancement was examined as well. The data of the study was collected from the employees of the telecom sector through random sampling. For this research, survey method was found to be more suitable involving questionnaire as a data collection instrument. Thus, the present study employed SEM-PLS, which is used to carry out hypothesis testing and the statistical and numerical analysis. The findings of the study revealed that Perception of politics and self enhancement motives significantly impacts organizational dissent. Moreover, mediating role of self enhancement motive also proved to be significant. The findings of the study are important for the academicians and policy makers of HR department in telecom sector of Pakistan.

The study explores the influence of investing in young people in rural areas on entrepreneurship development with specific reference to Oyo State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was utilized to choose ten rural Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Oyo State, while a simple random sampling technique was used to choose one hundred (100), respondents. The data collection instruments for the study were structured questionnaire designed for the study. Data were analyzed with the aid of correlation analysis and the ordinary least square method of estimation. The outcome uncovers that entrepreneurship education has a significant influence on rural entrepreneurship development. It was also revealed that entrepreneurial programmes have a significant influence on rural entrepreneurship development. Therefore, the study recommends that the government should support the entrepreneurship of young men and women through proper training, access to credit, and other business development services.

This article outlines how a realist evaluation of dementia care in hospitals used non-participant observation to support the refinement and testing of mechanisms likely to lead to the use of person-centred care. We found that comments and explanations of their actions from hospital staff during observation periods provided insights into the reasoning that generated their actions for care in real time. This informed subsequent data collection and analysis. Two worked examples of mechanisms first identified during non-participant observation demonstrate (1) how they were uncovered, and (2) how this informed research activities for theory refinement. Early, iterative engagement with the analytic process, primarily involving reflection and debate with the research team, maximised the potential of observation data to support surfacing underlying mechanisms, linking them to specific contexts and outcomes.

The use of self-report questionnaires has been one of the most prevalent methods of data collection in Intercultural Communication research since as early as the 1950s. Yet, the method has received widespread criticism from a range of academic disciplines. For the field of Intercultural Communication, there is the added concern that self-report data and its epistemological companion, quantitative analysis, succeed only in reducing complex intercultural issues to an overly-simplistic numerical summary. Despite these criticisms, the number and influence of self-report questionnaires in Intercultural Communication research continues to grow. Therefore, this paper seeks to remind researchers of the many problems existing when asking respondents to self-report on complex intercultural issues. By way of an example, Ang et al's (2007) Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) will be analysed through a critically interpretive approach.

Several factors are important determinants of students achievement. Students positive perceptions about these factors contribute to their achievement. Considering importance of students perceptions about themselves, teachers support, and institutional climate in influencing their academic achievement, this study specifically examines students perceptions about themselves as learners, teachers support, and institutional climate for predicting their achievement. This research employed survey and correlational research designs. For this research, 372 students were randomly selected as a sample using cluster and stratified random sampling techniques. For data collection in this study, a questionnaire was adapted from Donahue (1994). For data analysis, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used, with help of SPSS. It was concluded from multiple regression analysis that university students achievement (i.e., dependent variable) can be significantly predicted from their self-perceptions, teachers support and institutional climate (i.e., independent variables).

This research aim to analyze how big contribution of 9 beachinto "Visit Sumenep2018". Reaserch method in this study is a qualitative method, data collection methodsusing Taylor and Bodgan Theorys while data analysis using miles and hubberman theory.The results of this reaserch indicate that 9 beach give some contribution to succeed theVisit Sumenep 2018 program is divided into some kinds, the first is contribution ineconomic development like transportation, and new jobs like tour guide and more shopswho sells food and souvenir. But this contribution is still low and un optimally becausenothing local wisdom souvenir and food who selling. While the allocation of village fundissued for the development of 9 beach is since 2018, since 9 beach belongs to BUMDes.The government's participation in involving 9 beach is by incorporating it into a flattourist destination visit sumenep 2018.