Suchergebnisse

Based on the author's book entitled, "Le juriste et l'ordinateur."

Problems involved in protecting electronic data are scrutinized. An account of the preparation for a military aerial mission illustrates a diversity of tasks, data organization, and memory storage technologies. Methods of protecting and sharing data are outlined and long-term data storage options explained. Principles for managing the life cycle and quantity of data are noted.

Data processing and administration. What is the role of data processing in administration ? What effects has data processing on administration ? These are the two issues discussed by Mr. Huet. The author notes in the first place that the number of computers used in administration has trebled between 1970 and 1976. However, computers are not equally distributed among the various services, by far the best equipped being the postal and telegraphic administration. There are also regional disparities. Computers are mainly used for internal management, documentation, statistics, legal tracing, and tasks of public services. As regards the effects of data processing on administration, a much greater interest in data collection can be noted, as well as an increasing trend towards reshuffling and streamlining administrative structures. Finally, data processing cannot but affect the administrative decision-making process by requiring above all a more systematical approach to the issues at stake, with the concomitant drawback of slowing down the already heavy administrative process to the detriment of the public.

The Assistance of Data Processing New Technologies and Data Transfer in Simplifying Administrative Formalities.
The administration, in its use of new technologies, is looking to improve the reliability of data and the simplification of its own methods of data processing. The simplification of the management of its 'partners' is too often relegated to second place. In the last few years progress has been made in this respect, which has led to account being taken of the constraints under which users operate. This new way of working has been the object of a close between actors in the economic sector and citizens.

The net generation and new economy

This article aims to draw the professional and social integration of the Net generation, i. e. young people who, keen on data processing, have oriented their studies on fields in phase with the " new economy" to which testify the multimedia, data processing and biotechnology. On the basis of an online survey and accounts of integration, the present analysis seeks to know if their integration in companies and in the society is established under the sign of the " Internet culture " in use in the new economy whose four qualities represent the keystone : flexibility, open-mind, innovation and immediacy.

Data Protection in Spain
Conform with the Spanish tradition, the organic law of 1992 concerning electronic data processing is situated within a perspective of protecting fundamental human rights. This law seems to be in conformity with both the Council of Europe's Convention of 20 January 1981, the direct applicability of which has been explicitly recognised by the Constitutional Court, and the European directive.

In twenty years, geography has become able to process information abreast of the progress of data-processing. That effort has given it back a long history and a co-filiation with philosophy. Hence a renewed capacity of facing the World and things, and render an a account of them. That situation opens it new responsabilities, in a "culturel" position which compels it to question anew the meaning of what is classical and what is modern.

Companies Facing up to Data Protection : Restrictions Imposed and Increased
Responsibility
Established twenty years ago, for reasons having nothing to do with economic or commercial imperatives, and rather destined at the beginning to give a framework to the practices of the state, the law on data protection in France has not been without effect on private companies. Today, businesses find themselves concerned primarily with the development of data processing and therefore the necessity to ensure data protection. Without adding to the already onerous administrative constraints imposed upon companies, what is needed is an assessment of the increase in responsibility and reflection upon the role of the administrative supervisory authorities.

Abstract This article aims at introducing some of the methods used in a thesis on the merchants and tradesmen of Bordeaux between 1780 and 1830. As we wish to paint a living picture of these people, from the big shipowners to the small shopkeepers, we want to go beyond the quite dry statistical approach. That is why we will not limit ourselves to the global treatment of notarized contracts, fiscal lists and other almanacs but analyse many individual cases. Thanks to data processing we can now do both. To illustrate our point we have chosen he completely unknown person, Guillaume Nonlabade, whose career is going to come up as if by miracle from the computerized criss-crossing of quantitative sources.

This study proposes an initial approach to the metamorphosis of the consciousness of space as it was experienced during the Revolution. First it analyzes the structure of the space in which villagers lived on the eve of the Revolution by the computer data processing of the answers to an inquiry made in the Dauphiné en 1789 concerning contacts and connections of all sorts (markets, food supplies, doctors and mid-wives). The author then examines the ways in which space as experienced was disrupted and analyzes the structure of the communication networks disclosed through La Grande Peur. Finally Yoichi Uriu studies the efforts made to reestablish the disrupted space relations through an analysis of the Federations movement, and the turning point they represented in the formation of a national space.

Technological cooperation between business enterprises has become common-place over the past ten years or so, following an increase in the uncertainty, risk, and costs of research and development brought about by growing international competition and the unsettling impact of data processing technologies (and to a lesser degree biotechnologies) throughout the entire industrial sector. Strategies in R&D cooperation, first adopted by Japanese corporations, were copied by European firms in the early 80s and then by American and Canadian corporations later on. Governments have got in on the action through policies for encouragement of collective R&D.
Current theories in economies and business administration are not very useful for understanding this phenomenon. Neo-classical economies' assumption of perfect competition, as well as dissertations on product obsolescence and transaction costs, permeate theories in business administration and do not help us comprehend this new organizational phenomenon. We have, however, come across some crucial leads towards an explanation in certain models of imperfect competition and in managerial studies on informal cooperation by businesses in R&D.