Suchergebnisse

Schäffner, W. (2008). El procesamiento de datos de Alexander von Humboldt. Redes, 14(28), 127-145. ; El trabajo analiza la descripción estadística de México que Humboldt realiza en su Ensayo sobre el estado político de Nueva España como una forma específica de administración y representación de datos de diferentes fuentes para crear un nuevo objeto. Hacia el principio del siglo XIX, el desarrollo de sistemas de diagramas topográficos reemplazando las tablas estadísticas vuelven posible una nueva economía y operacionalidad de los signos; es decir, hacer visible, legible, transferible y almacenable el mayor volumen de datos con la menor cantidad posible de signos, en un espacio visual en el que se superponen las fórmulas, la escritura y las imágenes y desaparecen los tradicionales límites entre texto e imagen. Es el uso de dichas técnicas mediales, aplicadas tanto a la observación de la naturaleza como del Estado, lo que da lugar a un segundo "descubrimiento científico" de las Américas. ; The paper examines the statistic depiction of Mexico that Humboldt provides in his "Essai politique sur le Royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne" as a specific form of processing and representing data obtained from different sources in order to create a new object. Towards the beginning of the 19th century, topographic diagram systems had replaced the statistic tables. This development made possible a new economy and operationality of data: it thus became possible to make visible, legible, transferable and storable the biggest amount of data with the less possible amount of signs, in a visual space in which formulas, writing and images overlap and the traditional limits between text and image disappear. The use of these techniques, applied to observe both nature and society, gave place to a second "scientific discovery" of the Americas.

El propósito primordial de nuestra investigación no es otro que el análisis de los últimos desarrollos normativos generados en tomo a la protección de datos personales en el marco del Consejo de Europa, tema que se ha convertido, sin duda alguna, en un objetivo político y jurídico de la Organización europea como una manifestación más del respeto a los derechos humanos. Consecuencia de ello precisamente es el Convenio 108 del Consejo de Europa, más conocido como "Convenio para la protección de las personas con respecto al tratamiento automatizado de los datos personale ", que vio la luz el 21 de enero de 1981 y entró en vigor el 1 de octubre de 1985. El Convenio trata de armonizar "los valores fundamentales del respeto a la vida privada y de la libre circulación de la información entre los pueblos". ; The main purpose of our research is none other than the analysis of the latest normative developments in the field of personal data protection within the framework of the Council of Europe, a subject that has undoubtedly become a political and legal objective of the European Organisation as a further manifestation of respect for human rights. A consequence of this is precisely Council of Europe Convention 108, better known as the "Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data", which came into force on 21 January 1981 and entered into force on 1 October 1985. The Convention seeks to harmonise "the fundamental values of respect for private life and the free flow of information between peoples". ; peerReviewed

Colloque organisé par la SFSIC et l'AMIC. Actes accessibles à http://www.cerimes.fr/colloquefrancomexicain ; Communication and information technologies in the South countries accompagny with an idea of innovation. They are beeing used in the different social sectors and they're legitimated by the gubernamentals institutions, like the education sector, one of the most important and key areas of Information society, where methodogical approachs are not clear enough because of the so many factors that specify the way they work. EDUSAT is a mexican government program ; its communicational analyse shows that innovation processus is not lineal and it does not depend on technological determinism, but it's rather the expression of different social, économical and symbolic strategies which converge and diverge into the functional aspects of the actors of educational area and whom decisions on the technologies applications are the answer to the developpment needs and political legitimation. ; Las Tecnologías de comunicación y de información en los países del Sur, se acompañan de una idea de innovación y son utilizadas en los diferentes sectores sociales legitimándose a través de las instituciones gubernamentales, tal es el caso de la educación que se presenta como uno de los campos claves y decisivos de la llamada sociedad de la información, y en donde las aproximaciones metodológicas no son claras por la diversidad de factores que determinan su funcionamiento. El análisis comunicacional del programa gubernamental EDUSAT, de la Secretaría de Educación Pública en México, muestra cómo el procesos de innovación no es lineal ni dependiente de un determinismo tecnológico, sino que es la expresión de las diferentes estrategias socioeconómicas y simbólicas, que convergen y divergen de los modos de funcionamiento de actores que pertenecen o no al campo educativo y cuyas decisiones en la aplicación de las NTIC corresponde a una necesidad económica de vanguardia y de legitimación política.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo fundamental, analizar la interrelación entre las desigualdadessociales y los procesos de segregación urbana en Montevideo. Se trata de una ciudad atípica en el contextolatinoamericano, que no obstante el "Estado de Bienestar" impulsado en Uruguay a principios del siglo XX,durante los últimos veinte años, ha estado inserta en contextos de reestructuración y recesión económicaque agudizaron las desigualdades sociales. Sin embargo, luego de la asunción del nuevo Gobierno en 2005,se impulsaron nuevas políticas y particularmente de combate a la pobreza urbana, que están modifi candoel panorama social y urbano. En tal medida Montevideo constituye un interesante "Estudio de caso", paraintegrar al análisis comparativo sobre los procesos de polarización y la discusión sobre la dualización urbana.Así, se plantean en primer lugar, las principales hipótesis y tendencias sobre la desigualdad y segregaciónurbana. En segundo término, se ilustran las características de las distintas áreas y estratos sociales, a partirdel procesamiento estadístico de encuestas de hogares e indicadores cuantitativos; y se plantean varios elementossobre la heterogeneidad intraurbana, según la percepción de los actores locale ; This article aims to analyze the interplay between social inequalities and the process of urban segregationin Montevideo, this being an a-typical city in the Latin American context, where, notwithstanding the "WelfareState" set up in Uruguay in the early twentieth century, over the last twenty years social inequality hasmade itself acutely felt due to restructuring and economic recession. However, with the new Governmentin 2005, new policies and particularly those aimed at tackling urban poverty were put into force and theseare indeed changing the social and urban landscape. In this sense Montevideo is here held to be an interesting"case study", for the bringing together of comparative analysis upon the process of polarization and thediscussion on urban dualization. First, the authors analyze the major trends and assumptions as to inequalityand urban segregation. Secondly, they illustrate the characteristics of different areas and social classes,using here statistical data processing of household surveys and quantitative indicators to do so, raisinglikewise several factors to the issue of urban heterogeneity in terms of how this is understood locally alongwith a qualitative analysis. The paper is rounded out with a series of conclussions drawn from the foregoing.

El Laboratorio de Análisis Instrumental de la Comunicación (LAICOM) del Departamento de Comunicación Audiovisual y de Publicidad de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona trabaja desde el año 1989 en una línea de investigación experimental centrada en la resolución de problemas concretos de comunicación aplicada. Desde el punto de vista epistemológico, el método de análisis instrumental de la comunicación establece una concepción de la comunicología que la diferencia muy claramente de otras disciplinas con objetos de estudio aparentemente afines como la lingüística, la psicología o la sociología. En suma, la metodología de análisis instrumental da respuesta a las investigaciones que persiguen conocer los mecanismos de recepción de los procesos comunicativos, o que intentan saber cómo se puede mejorar su rendimiento (aumento de la persuasión, mejora de la comprensión, optimización de la memorización, etc.). El resultado de esta perspectiva metodológica abre un ámbito profesional muy claro orientando a solucionar problemas comunicológicos concretos en campos tan diversos como: el derecho, la investigación policial (pruebas periciales vinculadas con la comunicación periodística, audiovisual, telefónica, etc.), la medicina (comunicación facultativos - pacientes), la política, el comercio (rendimiento comunicativo y persuasivo de los discursos), la informática, las telecomunicaciones (rendimiento comunicativo de las presentaciones en las interfaces digitales), etc. ; Since 1989, the Instrumental Communications Analysis Laboratory (LAICOM), which forms part of the Audiovisual and Advertising Communications Dept. of the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona has been working on a line of experimental research focused on the solving of specific problems with respect to applied communications. In this way, the communications proposed by us would develop this methodological model: the Instrumental Communications Analysis Method, both from the strictly theoretical and methodological standpoint, and from the standpoint of the practical application of this method, developed in a series of specific cases. From the epistemological standpoint, the Instrumental Communications Analysis establishes an idea of studying communications that clearly differentiates it from other disciplines with subjects of study that are apparently similar, such as Linguistics, Psychology or Sociology. There is no doubt that the result of this methodological approach will open up a professional field that is clearly aimed at solving specific problems of communication in fields as varied as, for example, law, police investigation (tests performed by experts linked to news media, audiovisual, telephone, communications, etc.), medicine (communications between doctors and patients), politics, trade (the communicative and persuasive performance of speeches), data processing, telecommunications (the communicative performance of presentations in digital interfaces), etc.

The evolution of FOI law in Spain over the last 30 years is analysed. The process starts with the Constitution of 1978 and goes on with a series of FOI related laws on the management of public administration services, the automatic processing of personal data, the access to environment information, as well as other technological legislation. This legislative package in some ways has contributed to foster and improve freedom of information in the Spanish public and private context. It is concluded that the right to general access of public information in Spain is totally guaranteed but it should be properly recognized with a specific law. Nevertheless, at present Spain lacks a real "Freedom of Information Act".

The evolution of FOI law in Spain over the last 30 years is analysed. The process starts with the Constitution of 1978 and goes on with a series of FOI related laws on the management of public administration services, the automatic processing of personal data, the access to environment information, as well as other technological legislation. This legislative package in some ways has contributed to foster and improve freedom of information in the Spanish public and private context. It is concluded that the right to general access of public information in Spain is totally guaranteed but it should be properly recognized with a specific law. Nevertheless, at present Spain lacks a real "Freedom of Information Act".

The evolution of FOI law in Spain over the last 30 years is analysed. The process starts with the Constitution of 1978 and goes on with a series of FOI related laws on the management of public administration services, the automatic processing of personal data, the access to environment information, as well as other technological legislation. This legislative package in some ways has contributed to foster and improve freedom of information in the Spanish public and private context. It is concluded that the right to general access of public information in Spain is totally guaranteed but it should be properly recognized with a specific law. Nevertheless, at present Spain lacks a real "Freedom of Information Act".

The evolution of FOI law in Spain over the last 30 years is analysed. The process starts with the Constitution of 1978 and goes on with a series of FOI related laws on the management of public administration services, the automatic processing of personal data, the access to environment information, as well as other technological legislation. This legislative package in some ways has contributed to foster and improve freedom of information in the Spanish public and private context. It is concluded that the right to general access of public information in Spain is totally guaranteed but it should be properly recognized with a specific law. Nevertheless, at present Spain lacks a real "Freedom of Information Act".

The overall purpose of this research has been to discover if the students teacher of the Granada University, before and after its immersion in the field experiences, they exhibit different beliefs on the practical teaching and if the differences in such beliefs are statistically significant. From the results obtained through statistical processing applied to the data gained through inventory of beliefs, make ad hoc, we can verify that exist differences statistically significant regarding the beliefs that the students teacher have on the university practical formation in function of having carried out the practicum. In short, of the 98 declarations that conforms the inventory, 55 are significant. The evidences that the statistical T of Student reveal us, also, that the step for the field experience makes that they modify, alter or reconsider some of the previous beliefs that the students take get to this period.