The article presents analyzes results of local government's topographical spatial data archiving and exchange options and an overview of topographical work stages, which relates to data exchanging between institutions. The article examines topographical laws and local government's working methodology of spatial data.
The article presents analyzes results of local government's topographical spatial data archiving and exchange options and an overview of topographical work stages, which relates to data exchanging between institutions. The article examines topographical laws and local government's working methodology of spatial data.
The article presents analyzes results of local government's topographical spatial data archiving and exchange options and an overview of topographical work stages, which relates to data exchanging between institutions. The article examines topographical laws and local government's working methodology of spatial data.
The article presents analyzes results of local government's topographical spatial data archiving and exchange options and an overview of topographical work stages, which relates to data exchanging between institutions. The article examines topographical laws and local government's working methodology of spatial data.
Sharing economy, as a new economic direction, has recently received a great deal of attention from legislators and fierce debates among proponents of traditional economy due to legislation and requirements for sharing economy entities. After the California Assembly Bill 5 has entered into force, a disproportionate regulatory threat to the sharing economy has been created in the State of California, which may impact further development of the sharing economy and is very closely linked to the development of the innovation and economy as a whole. The regulatory challenges imposed on the sharing economy also challenge law, lawmakers and fundamental constitutional values. Understanding the impact of law on emerging businesses is crucial for lawmakers in order to create proportionate regulation whereas this can be best achieved through the theories of the School of Economic Law. This master thesis, in particular, describes in detail the sharing economy, its uniqueness and separation from the traditional economy. Understanding of sharing economy allows to identify businesses that are using this type of economy and compare them with traditional businesses providing alternative services and/or goods, whose regulatory differences in Lithuania, certain European Union countries and the United States are discussed in the work. The main focus in this work is placed on the assessment of the existing regulation in the light of economic arguments in law. Regulatory examples, such as California Assembly Bill 5, which can have a significant impact on the sharing economy, are provided. These examples are analysed in accordance with the theories of the School of Economic Law, which are based on the publications of Richard Posner. These theories complement and, in some cases, substantiate the economic arguments used in the work and allow to identify the main principles that the legislator and/or courts should follow when making decisions regarding sharing economy based businesses. This work also outlines the criteria by which regulation can be identified as redundant.
Sharing economy, as a new economic direction, has recently received a great deal of attention from legislators and fierce debates among proponents of traditional economy due to legislation and requirements for sharing economy entities. After the California Assembly Bill 5 has entered into force, a disproportionate regulatory threat to the sharing economy has been created in the State of California, which may impact further development of the sharing economy and is very closely linked to the development of the innovation and economy as a whole. The regulatory challenges imposed on the sharing economy also challenge law, lawmakers and fundamental constitutional values. Understanding the impact of law on emerging businesses is crucial for lawmakers in order to create proportionate regulation whereas this can be best achieved through the theories of the School of Economic Law. This master thesis, in particular, describes in detail the sharing economy, its uniqueness and separation from the traditional economy. Understanding of sharing economy allows to identify businesses that are using this type of economy and compare them with traditional businesses providing alternative services and/or goods, whose regulatory differences in Lithuania, certain European Union countries and the United States are discussed in the work. The main focus in this work is placed on the assessment of the existing regulation in the light of economic arguments in law. Regulatory examples, such as California Assembly Bill 5, which can have a significant impact on the sharing economy, are provided. These examples are analysed in accordance with the theories of the School of Economic Law, which are based on the publications of Richard Posner. These theories complement and, in some cases, substantiate the economic arguments used in the work and allow to identify the main principles that the legislator and/or courts should follow when making decisions regarding sharing economy based businesses. This work also outlines the criteria by which regulation can be identified as redundant.
Sharing economy, as a new economic direction, has recently received a great deal of attention from legislators and fierce debates among proponents of traditional economy due to legislation and requirements for sharing economy entities. After the California Assembly Bill 5 has entered into force, a disproportionate regulatory threat to the sharing economy has been created in the State of California, which may impact further development of the sharing economy and is very closely linked to the development of the innovation and economy as a whole. The regulatory challenges imposed on the sharing economy also challenge law, lawmakers and fundamental constitutional values. Understanding the impact of law on emerging businesses is crucial for lawmakers in order to create proportionate regulation whereas this can be best achieved through the theories of the School of Economic Law. This master thesis, in particular, describes in detail the sharing economy, its uniqueness and separation from the traditional economy. Understanding of sharing economy allows to identify businesses that are using this type of economy and compare them with traditional businesses providing alternative services and/or goods, whose regulatory differences in Lithuania, certain European Union countries and the United States are discussed in the work. The main focus in this work is placed on the assessment of the existing regulation in the light of economic arguments in law. Regulatory examples, such as California Assembly Bill 5, which can have a significant impact on the sharing economy, are provided. These examples are analysed in accordance with the theories of the School of Economic Law, which are based on the publications of Richard Posner. These theories complement and, in some cases, substantiate the economic arguments used in the work and allow to identify the main principles that the legislator and/or courts should follow when making decisions regarding sharing economy based businesses. This work also outlines the criteria by which regulation can be identified as redundant.
Sharing economy, as a new economic direction, has recently received a great deal of attention from legislators and fierce debates among proponents of traditional economy due to legislation and requirements for sharing economy entities. After the California Assembly Bill 5 has entered into force, a disproportionate regulatory threat to the sharing economy has been created in the State of California, which may impact further development of the sharing economy and is very closely linked to the development of the innovation and economy as a whole. The regulatory challenges imposed on the sharing economy also challenge law, lawmakers and fundamental constitutional values. Understanding the impact of law on emerging businesses is crucial for lawmakers in order to create proportionate regulation whereas this can be best achieved through the theories of the School of Economic Law. This master thesis, in particular, describes in detail the sharing economy, its uniqueness and separation from the traditional economy. Understanding of sharing economy allows to identify businesses that are using this type of economy and compare them with traditional businesses providing alternative services and/or goods, whose regulatory differences in Lithuania, certain European Union countries and the United States are discussed in the work. The main focus in this work is placed on the assessment of the existing regulation in the light of economic arguments in law. Regulatory examples, such as California Assembly Bill 5, which can have a significant impact on the sharing economy, are provided. These examples are analysed in accordance with the theories of the School of Economic Law, which are based on the publications of Richard Posner. These theories complement and, in some cases, substantiate the economic arguments used in the work and allow to identify the main principles that the legislator and/or courts should follow when making decisions regarding sharing economy based businesses. This work also outlines the criteria by which regulation can be identified as redundant.
The EU General Data Protection Regulation shall be applied from 25 May 2018. This is the result of the personal data protection law reform in the EU. So far the legal regulation in the EU Member States has been based on EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC of 1995 that is implemented by the Law of the Republic of Lithuanian on Legal Protection of Personal Data. The aim of this article is to reveal the significance of the General Data Protection Regulation for the data protection law as an area of law. One can distinguish as significantly important those provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation which are due to impact development of the data protection law beyond the EU and accelerate globalisation of the data protection law in accordance to the EU standards. The said functions should be performed by those provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation that oblige non-EU data controllers to follow the EU requirements while processing personal data concerning data subjects who are in the Union and establish cases where data can be transferred to third countries or international organisations by way of ensuring data protection that is analogous to the EU standards. The General Data Protection Regulation redraws the limits of the liabilities for the compliance in the data protection law. The involvement of data protection supervisory institutions in daily data processing activities and its control is due to be reduced. It also strengthens the primary liability of a data controller for ensuring the compliance with the data protection law, promotes data controllers' autonomy and trust in them. Such significant impact to the data protection law shall be produced by the entirety of the following novelties: the principle of accountability, obligations to carry out a data protection impact assessment, to consult a supervisory authority, appoint a data protection officer, repeal of procedures for notification of supervisory authorities and prior checking. Efficient application of the General Data Protection Regulation in Lithuania can be encumbered by the lack of methodical, explanatory, recommendatory materials on interpretation and implementation of abstract new provisions. Due to lack of legal certainty purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation may be better furthered at the beginning of the application of the novelties by way of such regulatory instruments as instructions, reprimands and opinions rather than imposition of enormous fines.
The EU General Data Protection Regulation shall be applied from 25 May 2018. This is the result of the personal data protection law reform in the EU. So far the legal regulation in the EU Member States has been based on EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC of 1995 that is implemented by the Law of the Republic of Lithuanian on Legal Protection of Personal Data. The aim of this article is to reveal the significance of the General Data Protection Regulation for the data protection law as an area of law. One can distinguish as significantly important those provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation which are due to impact development of the data protection law beyond the EU and accelerate globalisation of the data protection law in accordance to the EU standards. The said functions should be performed by those provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation that oblige non-EU data controllers to follow the EU requirements while processing personal data concerning data subjects who are in the Union and establish cases where data can be transferred to third countries or international organisations by way of ensuring data protection that is analogous to the EU standards. The General Data Protection Regulation redraws the limits of the liabilities for the compliance in the data protection law. The involvement of data protection supervisory institutions in daily data processing activities and its control is due to be reduced. It also strengthens the primary liability of a data controller for ensuring the compliance with the data protection law, promotes data controllers' autonomy and trust in them. Such significant impact to the data protection law shall be produced by the entirety of the following novelties: the principle of accountability, obligations to carry out a data protection impact assessment, to consult a supervisory authority, appoint a data protection officer, repeal of procedures for notification of supervisory authorities and prior checking. Efficient application of the General Data Protection Regulation in Lithuania can be encumbered by the lack of methodical, explanatory, recommendatory materials on interpretation and implementation of abstract new provisions. Due to lack of legal certainty purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation may be better furthered at the beginning of the application of the novelties by way of such regulatory instruments as instructions, reprimands and opinions rather than imposition of enormous fines.
The EU General Data Protection Regulation shall be applied from 25 May 2018. This is the result of the personal data protection law reform in the EU. So far the legal regulation in the EU Member States has been based on EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC of 1995 that is implemented by the Law of the Republic of Lithuanian on Legal Protection of Personal Data. The aim of this article is to reveal the significance of the General Data Protection Regulation for the data protection law as an area of law. One can distinguish as significantly important those provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation which are due to impact development of the data protection law beyond the EU and accelerate globalisation of the data protection law in accordance to the EU standards. The said functions should be performed by those provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation that oblige non-EU data controllers to follow the EU requirements while processing personal data concerning data subjects who are in the Union and establish cases where data can be transferred to third countries or international organisations by way of ensuring data protection that is analogous to the EU standards. The General Data Protection Regulation redraws the limits of the liabilities for the compliance in the data protection law. The involvement of data protection supervisory institutions in daily data processing activities and its control is due to be reduced. It also strengthens the primary liability of a data controller for ensuring the compliance with the data protection law, promotes data controllers' autonomy and trust in them. Such significant impact to the data protection law shall be produced by the entirety of the following novelties: the principle of accountability, obligations to carry out a data protection impact assessment, to consult a supervisory authority, appoint a data protection officer, repeal of procedures for notification of supervisory authorities and prior checking. Efficient application of the General Data Protection Regulation in Lithuania can be encumbered by the lack of methodical, explanatory, recommendatory materials on interpretation and implementation of abstract new provisions. Due to lack of legal certainty purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation may be better furthered at the beginning of the application of the novelties by way of such regulatory instruments as instructions, reprimands and opinions rather than imposition of enormous fines.
The EU General Data Protection Regulation shall be applied from 25 May 2018. This is the result of the personal data protection law reform in the EU. So far the legal regulation in the EU Member States has been based on EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC of 1995 that is implemented by the Law of the Republic of Lithuanian on Legal Protection of Personal Data. The aim of this article is to reveal the significance of the General Data Protection Regulation for the data protection law as an area of law. One can distinguish as significantly important those provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation which are due to impact development of the data protection law beyond the EU and accelerate globalisation of the data protection law in accordance to the EU standards. The said functions should be performed by those provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation that oblige non-EU data controllers to follow the EU requirements while processing personal data concerning data subjects who are in the Union and establish cases where data can be transferred to third countries or international organisations by way of ensuring data protection that is analogous to the EU standards. The General Data Protection Regulation redraws the limits of the liabilities for the compliance in the data protection law. The involvement of data protection supervisory institutions in daily data processing activities and its control is due to be reduced. It also strengthens the primary liability of a data controller for ensuring the compliance with the data protection law, promotes data controllers' autonomy and trust in them. Such significant impact to the data protection law shall be produced by the entirety of the following novelties: the principle of accountability, obligations to carry out a data protection impact assessment, to consult a supervisory authority, appoint a data protection officer, repeal of procedures for notification of supervisory authorities and prior checking. Efficient application of the General Data Protection Regulation in Lithuania can be encumbered by the lack of methodical, explanatory, recommendatory materials on interpretation and implementation of abstract new provisions. Due to lack of legal certainty purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation may be better furthered at the beginning of the application of the novelties by way of such regulatory instruments as instructions, reprimands and opinions rather than imposition of enormous fines.
The sharing economy phenomenon is among the developments the popularity of which has been growing the most in the present-day economy. Its expansion is promoted by the rapidly improving information and communication technology. The emergence and development of digital technology, in particular, the internet, has considerably expanded the extent of sharing. As a result, interest in the sharing economy based business models and their environmental impact has been increasingly growing in scientific literature as well. Using scientific publications the paper analyses the notion of the sharing economy, arranges the concepts and types of the sharing economy employed by different researchers, organisations and institutions, and examines the sharing economy business models and their environmental impact. The master thesis provides a detailed analysis of the sharing economy based business models which have developed throughout the European Union and have been actively functioning. Particular emphasis is put on revealing the trends in theoretical and practical research into the sharing economy.
The sharing economy phenomenon is among the developments the popularity of which has been growing the most in the present-day economy. Its expansion is promoted by the rapidly improving information and communication technology. The emergence and development of digital technology, in particular, the internet, has considerably expanded the extent of sharing. As a result, interest in the sharing economy based business models and their environmental impact has been increasingly growing in scientific literature as well. Using scientific publications the paper analyses the notion of the sharing economy, arranges the concepts and types of the sharing economy employed by different researchers, organisations and institutions, and examines the sharing economy business models and their environmental impact. The master thesis provides a detailed analysis of the sharing economy based business models which have developed throughout the European Union and have been actively functioning. Particular emphasis is put on revealing the trends in theoretical and practical research into the sharing economy.
The sharing economy phenomenon is among the developments the popularity of which has been growing the most in the present-day economy. Its expansion is promoted by the rapidly improving information and communication technology. The emergence and development of digital technology, in particular, the internet, has considerably expanded the extent of sharing. As a result, interest in the sharing economy based business models and their environmental impact has been increasingly growing in scientific literature as well. Using scientific publications the paper analyses the notion of the sharing economy, arranges the concepts and types of the sharing economy employed by different researchers, organisations and institutions, and examines the sharing economy business models and their environmental impact. The master thesis provides a detailed analysis of the sharing economy based business models which have developed throughout the European Union and have been actively functioning. Particular emphasis is put on revealing the trends in theoretical and practical research into the sharing economy.
