Suchergebnisse

The theme of this master paper is 'Personal Data Protection in the Electronic Communications Sector'. The major attention in the paper is granted to the regulation that is effective on the level of the EU. Therefore, the first part of this paper deals with the provisions of the Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with the regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. The concept of 'personal data' is analyzed. As well as the requirements settled for the lawful personal data processing are provided. The second part of the paper deals with such spheres as the requirements settled for the processing of traffic data and location data. Thus, the provisions of the Directive 2002/58/EBof the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2002 concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector and different notions, working documents of the Article 29 Working Party on the Protection of the Individuals are discussed and summarized. The third part of the paper deals with the requirements for processing of traffic and location data, as well. Therefore, the third part of this paper is granted to the analysis of the provisions of the Directive 2002/58/EC concerning the exception of the Art. 15 part 1 on the retention for such data. Besides this, the provisions of the Directive 2006/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of the 15 March 2006 on the retention of the data generated or processed in connection with the provisions of publicly available electronic communications services or of the public communications networks and amending Directive 2002/58/EC are being analyzed in details. Such provisions will have to be implemented into the Lithuanian laws no later than September 15 2009. Thus the major attention of this master paper is granted to quite new spheres of the electronic communications sector that still have not been widely describes within the legal literature.

Due to the different historical and geographical environment, economic and political conditions, the state of European countries' education systems is uneven. Comparing the effectiveness of countries' education systems is a difficult multi-criteria optimization task. This study proposes the methodology for effectiveness estimation of 29 European countries' education systems by applying the Composite Indicator (CI) paradigm. Given that the results of SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) aggregations can be replicated by DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), the CIs should be constructed using the DEA model. In the context of the CIs construction, we expect a high discrimination power to enable the construction of rankings, but the DEA model showed limited discrimination power in this study. Two alternative ways to enhance discrimination power of the DEA model are analyzed – the use of weight restrictions in the DEA model and the reduction of data dimension before the DEA model. The main contribution of this study is the development of a new type of weight restriction that allows gradual transition from fixed to flexible weighting systems and solves the problem of insufficient discrimination of the DEA model. The use of hybrid PCA-DEA approach for effectiveness assessment has been investigated in this study. Despite the fact that this model has a higher discrimination power than the unrestricted DEA model when assessing the European countries' education systems, it has remained insufficient to perform ranking of the countries analysed. According to the research, the methodology for effectiveness estimation of education systems was proposed.

Due to the different historical and geographical environment, economic and political conditions, the state of European countries' education systems is uneven. Comparing the effectiveness of countries' education systems is a difficult multi-criteria optimization task. This study proposes the methodology for effectiveness estimation of 29 European countries' education systems by applying the Composite Indicator (CI) paradigm. Given that the results of SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) aggregations can be replicated by DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), the CIs should be constructed using the DEA model. In the context of the CIs construction, we expect a high discrimination power to enable the construction of rankings, but the DEA model showed limited discrimination power in this study. Two alternative ways to enhance discrimination power of the DEA model are analyzed – the use of weight restrictions in the DEA model and the reduction of data dimension before the DEA model. The main contribution of this study is the development of a new type of weight restriction that allows gradual transition from fixed to flexible weighting systems and solves the problem of insufficient discrimination of the DEA model. The use of hybrid PCA-DEA approach for effectiveness assessment has been investigated in this study. Despite the fact that this model has a higher discrimination power than the unrestricted DEA model when assessing the European countries' education systems, it has remained insufficient to perform ranking of the countries analysed. According to the research, the methodology for effectiveness estimation of education systems was proposed.

Due to the different historical and geographical environment, economic and political conditions, the state of European countries' education systems is uneven. Comparing the effectiveness of countries' education systems is a difficult multi-criteria optimization task. This study proposes the methodology for effectiveness estimation of 29 European countries' education systems by applying the Composite Indicator (CI) paradigm. Given that the results of SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) aggregations can be replicated by DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), the CIs should be constructed using the DEA model. In the context of the CIs construction, we expect a high discrimination power to enable the construction of rankings, but the DEA model showed limited discrimination power in this study. Two alternative ways to enhance discrimination power of the DEA model are analyzed – the use of weight restrictions in the DEA model and the reduction of data dimension before the DEA model. The main contribution of this study is the development of a new type of weight restriction that allows gradual transition from fixed to flexible weighting systems and solves the problem of insufficient discrimination of the DEA model. The use of hybrid PCA-DEA approach for effectiveness assessment has been investigated in this study. Despite the fact that this model has a higher discrimination power than the unrestricted DEA model when assessing the European countries' education systems, it has remained insufficient to perform ranking of the countries analysed. According to the research, the methodology for effectiveness estimation of education systems was proposed.

Due to the different historical and geographical environment, economic and political conditions, the state of European countries' education systems is uneven. Comparing the effectiveness of countries' education systems is a difficult multi-criteria optimization task. This study proposes the methodology for effectiveness estimation of 29 European countries' education systems by applying the Composite Indicator (CI) paradigm. Given that the results of SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) aggregations can be replicated by DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), the CIs should be constructed using the DEA model. In the context of the CIs construction, we expect a high discrimination power to enable the construction of rankings, but the DEA model showed limited discrimination power in this study. Two alternative ways to enhance discrimination power of the DEA model are analyzed – the use of weight restrictions in the DEA model and the reduction of data dimension before the DEA model. The main contribution of this study is the development of a new type of weight restriction that allows gradual transition from fixed to flexible weighting systems and solves the problem of insufficient discrimination of the DEA model. The use of hybrid PCA-DEA approach for effectiveness assessment has been investigated in this study. Despite the fact that this model has a higher discrimination power than the unrestricted DEA model when assessing the European countries' education systems, it has remained insufficient to perform ranking of the countries analysed. According to the research, the methodology for effectiveness estimation of education systems was proposed.

Trends in the Harmonization of Personal Data Protection and Freedom of Expression under the General Personal Data Protection Regulation The Master's thesis examines the relation between freedom of expression and the protection of personal data under GDPR. The first part of the work presents the legal regulation of personal data protection, explains the most important concepts of personal data protection, such as personal data, personal data subject, personal data processing. The second part of the work examines the content of freedom of expression, determines the role of this right in a democratic society, the basis for its limitation, and explores why it is necessary to strike a balance between personal data and freedom of expression. The following are the main innovations of the Regulation: the link between the right to be forgotten and freedom of expression, as well as academic expression. Particular attention is paid to the freedom of the media. Third part of the work concerns the legal regulation of the Member States of the European Union, the problems encountered in striking the right balance between the legal protection of personal data and the protection of freedom of expression. It also examines the situation in Lithuania, draws attention to the provisions of the Law on Legal Protection of Personal Data and the Law on Public Information, as well as the role of the Ethics Officer of the Journalist Service in finding the right balance between the expression and protection of personal data of freedom.

Trends in the Harmonization of Personal Data Protection and Freedom of Expression under the General Personal Data Protection Regulation The Master's thesis examines the relation between freedom of expression and the protection of personal data under GDPR. The first part of the work presents the legal regulation of personal data protection, explains the most important concepts of personal data protection, such as personal data, personal data subject, personal data processing. The second part of the work examines the content of freedom of expression, determines the role of this right in a democratic society, the basis for its limitation, and explores why it is necessary to strike a balance between personal data and freedom of expression. The following are the main innovations of the Regulation: the link between the right to be forgotten and freedom of expression, as well as academic expression. Particular attention is paid to the freedom of the media. Third part of the work concerns the legal regulation of the Member States of the European Union, the problems encountered in striking the right balance between the legal protection of personal data and the protection of freedom of expression. It also examines the situation in Lithuania, draws attention to the provisions of the Law on Legal Protection of Personal Data and the Law on Public Information, as well as the role of the Ethics Officer of the Journalist Service in finding the right balance between the expression and protection of personal data of freedom.

Trends in the Harmonization of Personal Data Protection and Freedom of Expression under the General Personal Data Protection Regulation The Master's thesis examines the relation between freedom of expression and the protection of personal data under GDPR. The first part of the work presents the legal regulation of personal data protection, explains the most important concepts of personal data protection, such as personal data, personal data subject, personal data processing. The second part of the work examines the content of freedom of expression, determines the role of this right in a democratic society, the basis for its limitation, and explores why it is necessary to strike a balance between personal data and freedom of expression. The following are the main innovations of the Regulation: the link between the right to be forgotten and freedom of expression, as well as academic expression. Particular attention is paid to the freedom of the media. Third part of the work concerns the legal regulation of the Member States of the European Union, the problems encountered in striking the right balance between the legal protection of personal data and the protection of freedom of expression. It also examines the situation in Lithuania, draws attention to the provisions of the Law on Legal Protection of Personal Data and the Law on Public Information, as well as the role of the Ethics Officer of the Journalist Service in finding the right balance between the expression and protection of personal data of freedom.

Trends in the Harmonization of Personal Data Protection and Freedom of Expression under the General Personal Data Protection Regulation The Master's thesis examines the relation between freedom of expression and the protection of personal data under GDPR. The first part of the work presents the legal regulation of personal data protection, explains the most important concepts of personal data protection, such as personal data, personal data subject, personal data processing. The second part of the work examines the content of freedom of expression, determines the role of this right in a democratic society, the basis for its limitation, and explores why it is necessary to strike a balance between personal data and freedom of expression. The following are the main innovations of the Regulation: the link between the right to be forgotten and freedom of expression, as well as academic expression. Particular attention is paid to the freedom of the media. Third part of the work concerns the legal regulation of the Member States of the European Union, the problems encountered in striking the right balance between the legal protection of personal data and the protection of freedom of expression. It also examines the situation in Lithuania, draws attention to the provisions of the Law on Legal Protection of Personal Data and the Law on Public Information, as well as the role of the Ethics Officer of the Journalist Service in finding the right balance between the expression and protection of personal data of freedom.

Due to the different historical and geographical environment, economic and political conditions, the state of European countries' education systems is uneven. Comparing the effectiveness of countries' education systems is a difficult multi-criteria optimization task. This study proposes the methodology for effectiveness estimation of 29 European countries' education systems by applying the Composite Indicator (CI) paradigm. Given that the results of SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) aggregations can be replicated by DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), the CIs should be constructed using the DEA model. In the context of the CIs construction, we expect a high discrimination power to enable the construction of rankings, but the DEA model showed limited discrimination power in this study. Two alternative ways to enhance discrimination power of the DEA model are analyzed – the use of weight restrictions in the DEA model and the reduction of data dimension before the DEA model. The main contribution of this study is the development of a new type of weight restriction that allows gradual transition from fixed to flexible weighting systems and solves the problem of insufficient discrimination of the DEA model. The use of hybrid PCA-DEA approach for effectiveness assessment has been investigated in this study. Despite the fact that this model has a higher discrimination power than the unrestricted DEA model when assessing the European countries' education systems, it has remained insufficient to perform ranking of the countries analysed. According to the research, the methodology for effectiveness estimation of education systems was proposed.

Due to the different historical and geographical environment, economic and political conditions, the state of European countries' education systems is uneven. Comparing the effectiveness of countries' education systems is a difficult multi-criteria optimization task. This study proposes the methodology for effectiveness estimation of 29 European countries' education systems by applying the Composite Indicator (CI) paradigm. Given that the results of SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) aggregations can be replicated by DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), the CIs should be constructed using the DEA model. In the context of the CIs construction, we expect a high discrimination power to enable the construction of rankings, but the DEA model showed limited discrimination power in this study. Two alternative ways to enhance discrimination power of the DEA model are analyzed – the use of weight restrictions in the DEA model and the reduction of data dimension before the DEA model. The main contribution of this study is the development of a new type of weight restriction that allows gradual transition from fixed to flexible weighting systems and solves the problem of insufficient discrimination of the DEA model. The use of hybrid PCA-DEA approach for effectiveness assessment has been investigated in this study. Despite the fact that this model has a higher discrimination power than the unrestricted DEA model when assessing the European countries' education systems, it has remained insufficient to perform ranking of the countries analysed. According to the research, the methodology for effectiveness estimation of education systems was proposed.

Due to the different historical and geographical environment, economic and political conditions, the state of European countries' education systems is uneven. Comparing the effectiveness of countries' education systems is a difficult multi-criteria optimization task. This study proposes the methodology for effectiveness estimation of 29 European countries' education systems by applying the Composite Indicator (CI) paradigm. Given that the results of SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) aggregations can be replicated by DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), the CIs should be constructed using the DEA model. In the context of the CIs construction, we expect a high discrimination power to enable the construction of rankings, but the DEA model showed limited discrimination power in this study. Two alternative ways to enhance discrimination power of the DEA model are analyzed – the use of weight restrictions in the DEA model and the reduction of data dimension before the DEA model. The main contribution of this study is the development of a new type of weight restriction that allows gradual transition from fixed to flexible weighting systems and solves the problem of insufficient discrimination of the DEA model. The use of hybrid PCA-DEA approach for effectiveness assessment has been investigated in this study. Despite the fact that this model has a higher discrimination power than the unrestricted DEA model when assessing the European countries' education systems, it has remained insufficient to perform ranking of the countries analysed. According to the research, the methodology for effectiveness estimation of education systems was proposed.

Due to the different historical and geographical environment, economic and political conditions, the state of European countries' education systems is uneven. Comparing the effectiveness of countries' education systems is a difficult multi-criteria optimization task. This study proposes the methodology for effectiveness estimation of 29 European countries' education systems by applying the Composite Indicator (CI) paradigm. Given that the results of SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) aggregations can be replicated by DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), the CIs should be constructed using the DEA model. In the context of the CIs construction, we expect a high discrimination power to enable the construction of rankings, but the DEA model showed limited discrimination power in this study. Two alternative ways to enhance discrimination power of the DEA model are analyzed – the use of weight restrictions in the DEA model and the reduction of data dimension before the DEA model. The main contribution of this study is the development of a new type of weight restriction that allows gradual transition from fixed to flexible weighting systems and solves the problem of insufficient discrimination of the DEA model. The use of hybrid PCA-DEA approach for effectiveness assessment has been investigated in this study. Despite the fact that this model has a higher discrimination power than the unrestricted DEA model when assessing the European countries' education systems, it has remained insufficient to perform ranking of the countries analysed. According to the research, the methodology for effectiveness estimation of education systems was proposed.

This article analyzes the phenomenon of digital data and its impact on both the daily lives of each individual and businesses. Article discusses the legal issue of data ownership, which is inextricably linked with the emergence of Big data. The EU legal regulation of digital data faces the following shortcomings: i. legal regulation of data does not keep pace with the rapid development of technology and the phenomenon of such large-scale data creation; ii. the current EU data legislation is intended to protect the interests of the data subject or business and not to create a common data regulatory ecosystem. For these reasons, the question of data ownership is raised, which is thought to be able to change the whole legal perception of digital data in the further evolution of the Industrial Revolution.

This article analyzes the phenomenon of digital data and its impact on both the daily lives of each individual and businesses. Article discusses the legal issue of data ownership, which is inextricably linked with the emergence of Big data. The EU legal regulation of digital data faces the following shortcomings: i. legal regulation of data does not keep pace with the rapid development of technology and the phenomenon of such large-scale data creation; ii. the current EU data legislation is intended to protect the interests of the data subject or business and not to create a common data regulatory ecosystem. For these reasons, the question of data ownership is raised, which is thought to be able to change the whole legal perception of digital data in the further evolution of the Industrial Revolution.