Suchergebnisse

Multiple systems estimation is a key approach for quantifying hidden populations such as the number of victims of modern slavery. The UK Government published an estimate of 10,000 to 13,000 victims, constructed by the present author, as part of the strategy leading to the Modern Slavery Act 2015. This estimate was obtained by a stepwise multiple systems method based on six lists. Further investigation shows that a small proportion of the possible models give rather different answers, and that other model fitting approaches may choose one of these. Three data sets collected in the field of modern slavery, together with a data set about the death toll in the Kosovo conflict, are used to investigate the stability and robustness of various multiple systems estimate methods. The crucial aspect is the way that interactions between lists are modelled, because these can substantially affect the results. Model selection and Bayesian approaches are considered in detail, in particular to assess their stability and robustness when applied to real modern slavery data. A new Markov Chain Monte Carlo Bayesian approach is developed; overall, this gives robust and stable results at least for the examples considered. The software and datasets are freely and publicly available to facilitate wider implementation and further research.

The purpose of this study is to examine the current educational practices from multicultural perspective in secondary schools of Eastern Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. To realize this, survey method was adopted to collect data from 5 experts, 10 principals, 51 teachers, and 102 students. The students were select randomly by using simple random sampling techniques while experts, principals, and teachers were selected by the availability sampling method. Questionnaires and interviews were used for data collections. The collected data were analyzed by frequencies, percentages, and narration of words. The findings revealed that respondents were highly aware of multicultural education. However, it was not implemented into educational practices. Furthermore, lack of skills, knowledge, negative attitude, and discrimination based on prejudices, ethnocentrism, politics, and religion were the main challenges. The study confirmed that establishing clubs could boost multicultural education awareness and positive attitude. It could also raise the students, teachers, and the society's awareness about multicultural education. Teachers should encourage students in practicing tolerance and respecting differences. Furthermore, school principals and Oromia Education Bureau should create different mechanisms for nurturing multicultural education and creating a means to minimize discrimination. Finally, the study indicates the need for preparing teachers, students, and the school community to build unity within diversity and tolerance in the schools.

peer-reviewed ; Intimate partner violence (IPV) is experienced by one-third of women globally, yet few programs attempt to shift men's IPV perpetration. Community mobilization is a potential strategy for reducing men's IPV perpetration, but this has rarely been examined globally. We conducted a mixed-methods process evaluation alongside a trial testing community mobilization in peri-urban South Africa. We used in-depth interviews (n=114), participant observation (160 h), and monitoring and evaluation data to assess program delivery. Qualitative data (verbatim transcripts and observation notes) were managed in Dedoose using thematic coding and quantitative data were descriptively analyzed using Stata13. We learned that outreach elements of community mobilization were implemented with high fidelity, but that critical reflection and local advocacy were difficult to achieve. The context of a peri-urban settlement (characterized by poor infrastructure, migrancy, low education, social marginalization, and high levels of violence) severely limited intervention delivery, as did lack of institutional support for staff and activist volunteers. That community mobilization was poorly implemented may explain null trial findings; in the larger trial, the intervention failed to measurably reduce men's IPV perpetration. Designing community mobilization for resource-constrained settings may require additional financial, infrastructural, organizational, or political support to effectively engage community members and reduce IPV.

This research was to find out the public's perception on village head election of surodadi village by using e-voting at Tugumulyo district of Musi Rawas regency in 2016. This research used descriptive quantitative, and additional instrument was intervew to the subjects. Techniques for collecting the data in this research were questionnare, observation, interview and documentation. In this research, the researcher used probability sampling, stratified randomly. And the total sample were 100 citizen. In this reserach, the researcher used one variable (public' perspective at Surodadi on election of the headman by using e-voting). In conclusion, this research used univariat analysis (descriptive statistic) in analysing the data. The findings showed that 1) The publics' perception were positive about the village head election at Surodadi by using e-voting. In shortly, the citizen agreed the headman's election by using e-voting. The data showed that there were 66.33% great cognitive aspect, 70.75% great afective aspect and great conative aspect 72.83%. It means more the citizen agreed to use e-voting. 2) The highest perspective was in the question to witness the election. It show that 89 citizen agreed. In the lowest rank was the question about the commitee has good communication, In additions, the commitee were courtesy and friendly. It showed that there were 44 citizen agreed

Information processing in a Banking especially for Financial Reports is increasingly being used as a tool in presenting relevant information. This can be known since the introduction and use of computer equipment in the commercial field about 20 years ago, until almost all data processing and Financial Information activities in a company, banking and government agencies from recording transactions, classification, recording data, calculations to the Financial reports are carried out using computer equipment. This study aims to determine: (1) accounting information systems at PT.BPR Pamanukan Bangunarta (2) timeliness in presenting financial statements using accounting information systems at PT.BPR Pamanukan Bangunarta (3) timeliness in presenting financial statements with information systems based computer at PT.BPR Pamanukan bangunarta. The research sample used in this study is the financial statements of PT BPR Pamanukan Bangun Arta for the 2014-2015 period. Secondary data in this study are in the form of 2014-2015 financial statements. The results showed that the accounting information system of PT BPR Bangunarta Pamanukan was sufficient because there were characteristics and elements that must be contained in the accounting information system. Submission of financial statements was in accordance with the Decree of the Chairman of Bapepam Number 36 / PM / 2003 concerning Report Submission Obligations Periodical Finance and Computer-based Accounting Information System using Microsoft Excel software

Akuntabilitas pelaporan keuangan pemerintah daerah merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam proses pengelolaan keuangan daerah. Bentuk akuntabilitas keuangan daerah diwujudkan dalam laporan keuangan, yang telah diperiksa oleh pihak independen yaitu Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK) yang bertanggung jawab dalam memeriksa kewajaran laporan keuangan dan memberikan opini audit untuk menentukan tingkat akuntabilitas pelaporan keuangan daerah. Tanggung jawab pemerintah untuk memberikan penjelasan kepada pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan terkait informasi keuangan yang disampaikan melalui laporan keuangan harus dijalankan dengan prinsip akuntabilitas. Hal ini bertujuan agar pemerintah mendapatkan kepercayaan publik dalam mengelola keuangan negara, sehingga dapat mensejahterakan masyarakat dalam rangka meningkatkan pemerataan pembangunan disetiap daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh kemandirian daerah, kinerja pemerintah dan sistem pengendalian intern terhadap akuntabilitas pelaporan keuangan daerah. Akuntabilitas pelaporan keuangan diukur menggunakan opini audit. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh kabupaten/kota di provinsi Jawa Timur dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 38 kabupaten/kota di provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2015-2018. Dalam penellitian ini metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah dan analisis data menggunakan regresi logistik dengan bantuan SPSS 23. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa kemandirian daerah dan kinerja pemerintah berpengaruh positif terhadap akuntabilitas pelporan keuangan, sedangkan sistem pengendalian inten tidak berpengaruh terhadap akuntabilitas pelaporan keuangan.

Perceptions and community participation in Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) also influence the success of conservation efforts. For this reason, this study aims to describe the level of public perception of Sumatran tiger conservation efforts. This research uses the case study method. Data was collected using a questionnaire, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). Data collection was carried out by means of purposive sampling involving 30 respondents, namely farmers who live and move around the national park. The data collected was analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that public knowledge about tigers as animals protected by law has perceptions in the high category (4.03), public knowledge about tiger behavior has a high category (3.93) and public knowledge that tigers currently lack food so often seen in villages that have a very high categorization (4.4). In addition, community knowledge about the ecological benefits of the presenceof Sumatran tigers in the environment has a high category (3.90), public knowledge about the economic benefits of the existence of Sumatran tigers has a high category (3,53). Likewise with public knowledge about the social benefits of the existence of Sumatran tigers have a high category (3.67). The government and various parties are urgently needed to increase the understanding and active role of the community for Sumatran tiger conservationefforts.

The purpose or this study was to determine the accrual-based financial performance on financial statements of the Konawe District government. The data used in this study is the Konawe District Government financial report data for the 2015-2016 fiscal year. The data collection techniques are library research and interviews. This research method is descriptive analysis, using several financial ratios, and regional financial dependence ratios.The results of this study are the financial performance of the Konawe District Government in 2015 and 2016 in terms of liquidity ratios, solvency ratios and debt ratios which have shown good performance despite the decline in all ratios in 2016 but the value is still whit in safe limits, but ther are some of the ratios that describe the performance of Konawe District government are not good, such as regional financial independence ratios that are between 0-25% classified as having an instructive relationship pattern which means the role of the central government is more dominant than the independence of local governments (regions that are not able to carry out blood autonomy financially). Regional financial dependency ratios are on an interval skale, 10.01-20.00%. This means that the Regional Revenue has a considerable dependency to finance direct expenditure and the Konawe District Government is still dependent on sources of financial revenue from central and provincial government transfers.

The politicization of the bureaucracy cannot be separated from its mutualism character. Regional heads need electoral nutrition from ASN to win their political machine, while ASN needs political networks and closeness to power to build a career in the bureaucracy. This phenomenon will only destroy impartiality, thicken discrimination and KKN-ism in public services, shackle politics in a political remuneration cage and, no less important, reduce the value of democracy. This study method uses a qualitative method, where data is obtained using a literature review. The literature exploration in this study uses data and information sources related to the neutrality of ASN in the context of local elections in various regions and its implications for bureaucracy and democracy. Then the data is classified and analyzed.The results of the study concluded that the principle of ASN neutrality must be a fixed price, especially in the 2020 Regional Election. The ASN Commission as a partner of Bawaslu and the institution was given the authority to supervise ASN neutrality must be proactive, objectively following up on findings of violations in the field. Therefore, there is no reason for the Civil Service Officer (PPK) (regent/mayor/governor) not to impose strict sanctions on a number of ASN Commission recommendations regarding violations of ASN neutrality. The firmness of PPK in imposing sanctions will greatly help minimize "naughty" ASN.

This article explores the question of what we can consider to be real in drug policy. It examines two increasingly common aspects of drug policy analysis; radical constructionist critique and successionist data science. It shows how researchers using these assumptions have produced interesting findings, but also demonstrates their theoretical incoherence, based on their shared 'flat ontology'. The radical constructionist claim that reality is produced within research methods – as seen in some qualitative studies - is shown to be unsustainably self-defeating. It is analytically 'paralyzing'. This leads to two inconsistencies in radical constructionist studies; empirical ambivalence and ersatz epistemic egalitarianism. The Humean successionist approach of econometric data science is also shown to be unsustainable, and unable to provide explanations of identified patterns in data. Four consequent, limiting characteristics of this type of drug policy research are discussed: causal inference at a distance, monofinality, limited causal imagination, and overly confident causal claims. The article goes on to describe the critical realist approach towards 'depth ontology' and 'generative causation'. It provides examples of how this approach is deployed in critical realist reviews and discourse analysis of drug policy. It concludes by arguing that critical realism enables more deeply explanatory, methodologically eclectic and democratically inclusive analysis of drug policy development and effects.

Purpose of study: This study examines security expenditure as an economically contributive or a non-contributive expenditure on human capital development and economic growth in Nigeria. Methodology: Adopting the ARDL bounds test and Error Correction Model (ECM) on quarterly time-series data from January 2010-December 2018. Result: The findings and results indicate that security expenditure is economically a contributive expenditure. In the long-run a positive and significant impact on economic growth and human capital development, in the shot-run a negative relationship. The ECM model conveyed the speed of convergence from disequilibrium in the short-run back to long-run equilibrium by 86% quarterly. Implication/Application: The finding and results have critical implications for the government and policymakers, protection of life, properties, economic, and business assets positively stimulate economic growth. A unit increase in government expenditure on human capital development decreases insecurity and increase economic growth. Novelty/Originality of this study: Previous studies conducted globally and in Nigeria reported diverse results on the co-integrating relationship between security expenditure and economic growth, using diverse variables and annualized time series data predominantly. This study differs from the previous studies to adopt quarterly time-series data, the ARDL, and the ECM models as the major techniques of analysis along with a battery of pre-test and diagnostic tests.

Purpose of the study: The objective of the study was to describe the distribution of votes for local and national political parties in each electoral district in Aceh Province, Indonesia, especially for local parliamentary elections (Aceh DPRD or DPRA). Methodology: This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data collection n in this study uses the method of library research and documents (secondary data). Data analysis uses descriptive analysis based on the political behaviour approach. Main Findings: The main findings of this study indicate that the distribution of votes for political parties in the 2019 elections has spread to both local and national parties. If quantified totally, the national party dominates the votes in each electoral district. But if the votes are described based on each political party, it will look different. There are no political parties that strongly dominate the vote. The existence of political parties that have local character or type has the same effect on voters compared to national parties. Applications of this study: The theoretical implication of this study was to strengthen Kaare Strom's theory about political party behavior. The behavior of political parties in elections is to obtain votes. Novelty/Originality of this study: When national and local political parties compete in general elections, voters do not feel significant differences between the two political parties.

The local government has the authority to take policy, as has the Regent of West Pasaman period 2007 has taken policies related to improving the reading ability of the Qur'an for every child in the government area he leads. This research will trace how the regent responded in enforcing perda No. 9 year 2007 so as to give birth to a generation that is able to read the Qur'an well and have sufficient religious understanding. The design of this study is qualitative, while the data sources that researchers use are nagari guardians, purposively selected citizens, community leaders, according to the desired data then in this study used data collection techniques in the form of observations, interviews and documentation studies. The results of the study prove that: first, Wali Nagari has a positive response, the indicator is the instruction of the guardian agari to all citizens to submit their children to the mosque and mushalla to get a reading education writing the Qur'an, renovate the mosque and mushalla to be worthy as a place to learn to read the Qur'an, complete the necessary facilities, give appreciation to the teachers paying in every mosque and mushalla that is in Talu nagari. Second, children's understanding of Islamic religious education has increased since the regulation of the area was established.

Indonesian people have a collective culture that adheres to the values of togetherness and kinship, so that the role of the community is quite significant in influencing the quality of life of the community, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. This influence may have a higher implication for low-income societies as the vulnerable ones. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of the sense of community on each dimension (physical, psychological, social, environmental) of the quality of life in the poor communities in Jakarta. The participants were 289 Jakartans with low socio-economic status, which were collected using incidental sampling. The data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation method. The results of data analysis show that there is a very significant relationship between the sense of community and the social dimensions of the quality of life (p 0.05) of the participants' quality of life. This result is very likely affected by the data collecting process and the characteristics of the participants. The results of this study might be used by various communities in the poor societies and also the government institutions upon them, especially to strengthen ties and social support between members during the Covid-19 pandemic.Keyword: poor society; quality of life; sense of community

In animal husbandry, antimicrobial agents have been administered as supplements to increase production over the last 60 years. Large-scale animal production has increased the importance of antibiotic management because it may favor the evolution of antimicrobial resistance and select resistant strains. Brazil is a significant producer and exporter of animal-derived food. Although Brazil is still preparing a national surveillance plan, several changes in legislation and timely programs have been implemented. Thus, Brazilian data on antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with animals come from official programs and the scientific community. This review aims to update and discuss the available Brazilian data on this topic, emphasizing legal aspects, incidence, and genetics of the resistance reported by studies published since 2009, focusing on farm animals and derived foods with the most global public health impact. Studies are related to poultry, cattle, and pigs, and mainly concentrate on non-typhoid Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. We also describe legal aspects of antimicrobial use in this context ; and the current occurrence of genetic elements associated with resistance to beta-lactams, colistin, and fluoroquinolones, among other antimicrobial agents. Data here presented may be useful to provide a better understanding of the Brazilian status on antimicrobial resistance related to farm animals and animal-derived food products.