Suchergebnisse

This study describes the Habsburg officials and commission members appointed to conclude a peace treaty between the Habsburgs and Ottomans between 1627 and 1629 at Szőny (Hungary). Furthermore, by relying on a database of about 2,000 records drawn from diplomatic and administrative sources and utilizing a quantitative approach, it outlines the channels and focal points for communication between the Habsburg appointees, as well as the direction and intensity of the exchange of information. The analysis of the database leads to the conclusion that the Hungarian palatine, Miklós Esterházy had a major role in the negotiations and that the Imperial Court and War Council played an intermediary role between the palatine and the members of the treaty commission. Furthermore, it points out that the palatine maintained contact with the beylerbeyi of Buda, Murteza pasha, which may have had an impact on the negotiations at Szőny.

The main guideline of my research was that according to one of the international price comparative studies published by the Hungarian Energy Utility Regulatory Office (henceforth: MEKH) at the beginning of 2017, Hungary's has the lowest price in electric energy consumption and natural gas from the member states of the European Union in recent years. I'd like to introduce in my article the European Union's electricity-energy price changes based on the EUROSTAT databases, and on the data of service providers and regulatory authorities in the member countries. In contrast, I would like to present the examination of natural gas prices on the basis of the specialization databases and to find a correlation with price change. Of course, for the sake of clarity, I look at the primary energy needs of the world and the European Union, the fossil fuels and the electricity consumption amounts of fossil fuels. I also consider, to the analyze import and export, because one of the reasons for energy dependency can be the inadequate energy balance.

The aim of our study is to reveal the relationship between doing sports and persistence among higher education students in the Northern Great Plain Region of Hungary and especially among Hungarian minority students in Romania, Slovakia, Serbia and the Ukraine. The theoretical background of the research is based on the developmental model (Brohm, 2002; Miller, Marchant, Polman, Clough, Jackson, Levy, & Nicholls, 2009; Melnick, Barnes, Farrel,l & Sabo, 2007) as well as Tinto's (1975) and Pascarella and Terenzini's (1980) institutional integration model. For the analyses, we used the database of the Center for Higher Education Research and Development (CHERD-H), which includes the higher education institutions in the border regions of the five countries under investigation (Hungary, Slovakia, the Ukraine, Romania and Serbia) (IESA 2015, N=2,017). According to our results, despite of the integration model theory, university sports membership decreases the level of persistence regardless of gender, country and social background. However, comparative analyses show that non-university sports club membership conveys values like appreciating the usefulness of learning and commitment to successfully complete exams and learning requirements. University and non-university sports club members mostly agree that they want to achieve the best possible learning outcomes.

The aim of this study is to give a detailed overview about the immigration into the European Union between 2015 and 2019. The paper also outlines some of the risks of immigration and the recent developments of the Schengen Information System and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex). The first part of the paper describes the immigration that the European Union has dealt with between 2015 and 2019, underlining the refugee flow in 2015-2016. This part includes statistics on the number of asylum applications and illegal border-crossings. The data is provided by the European Commission (Eurostat) and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency. The second part of the paper gives an overview of the European Agenda on Migration, examines the four pillars to manage migration better, including reducing the incentives for irregular migration, border management, common asylum policy and a new policy on legal migration. The third part describes the developments of the Schengen Information System and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency such as new technologies and strengthening border management, expansion of databases, joint operation outside the European Union and return operations. These developments will be essential for a better immigration management and they will make the defense of the European Union more effective, transparent and coordinated in the future.

Considering the Hungarian civic sphere, its situation and characteristics are far from clear and unambiguous equally for nonprofessional and experts, despite the legal regulation. Nonprofit reports of The Hungarian Statistical Office provide data of the sector since 1993. The judicial online browser also runs a database to identify and acquire most important features of organizations of the civic sector. Still, there are only few results of secondary analysis or primary research, dependently or independently from them. The analysis of the reporting requirements seems to be novel field of the civic related researches, the main reason for the examinations are the latest media reports, where those organizations are highlighted, who cannot meet the subsidy related reporting requirement, who do not reveal their financial reports or simply there is some kind of an anomaly of the 1% personal income tax offering. Since 2011, civic organizations' reports are (or should be) available in the judicial browser, the objective of the examination is – in relationship with it – to understand how the way of reporting has changed and in what detail organizations are willing to report on their activities. Our results show that a not demanding reporting expectation of the court meets the reporting laziness of some of the civic organizations. ; Amennyiben ma Magyarországon a civil szféráról beszélünk, a törvényi szabályozás ellenére sem messze egyértelmű kép tárul a laikus vagy épp a szakember számára. A KSH nonprofit tájékoztatóiban 1993 óta állnak rendelkezésre adatok, a bírósági online kereső civil szervezetek azonosítására, főbb adatainak megismerésére működtet adatbázist, mindemellett, ezektől függetlenül vagy épp ezekre alapozva kevés a további másodelemzés, vagy épp empirikus jellegű kutatás. A civil szervezetek beszámolási kötelezettségeivel kapcsolatos vizsgálódás újszerű területe a civilek kutatásának, apropóját pedig épp a sajtóban egyre több alkalommal megjelenő cikkek adják: civilek, akik nem tudnak támogatásokkal elszámolni, akik nem teszik közé beszámolóikat vagy épp az SZJA 1% kapcsán vélelmezhető valamiféle anomália. 2011 óta a civilek beszámolói is hozzáférhetőek (vagy annak kellene lenniük) a bírósági online keresőben, és a kutatások célja ezzel összefüggésben pedig éppen az, hogy miként és hogyan változott a beszámolási kötelezettség, megfelelően kitöltötteke a beszámolók, és mennyire hajlandóak részleteiben is beszámolni a szervezetek működésükről. Az eredmények szerint úgy tűnik, hogy a kevésbé kiélezett elvárásnak a beszámolási hajlandóság lazasága is velejárója.