Der Beitrag gibt einen ausführlichen Überblick über den bisherigen Verlauf der Beitrittsverhandlungen Rußlands mit der WTO, erläutert die Bedingungen für den Beitritt und beleuchtet die für Rußland mit dem Beitritt verbundenen Verpflichtungen, zählt aber auch auf die dem Land aus diesem Schritt erwachsenden Vorteile auf. (BIOst-Mrk)
Приводятся причины необходимости и возможные варианты проведения актуализации лесотаксационных баз данных и анализ действующего лесного законодательства. ; Happen to reasones necessity and oppoturnites scenarios of actualization of the date base of forest assessment and of the forest legislation.
The first issue of the magazine Romany Zorya (The Romani Sunrise) attracts our attention for a number of reasons. Its publication was scheduled for November 1927 and this date is shown in the magazine. Formally, the next issue appeared after about 2 years. Such a long break is not usual for periodicals; it may indicate some sort of difficulties. The article argues that the first issue had been most likely delayed hence the very important aim of its publication (to be timed to the 10th anniversary of the October revolution of 1917) has failed. In search of the reasons for this delay, the author found evidence of a later than formally shown publication date (this conclusion is possible because a person who played a leading role in creating, preparing for printing, and publishing the first issue of the magazine, Alexandr Germano, has given controversial information about the date of issue, as one can suppose, trying to hide some sensitive facts) Alexandr Germano, who played a leading role in creating, preparing for printing and publishing the first issue of the journal, provided conflicting information about the date of issue, as you might guess, trying to hide some delicate facts), or a very strange period of official of disregard for the first issue of the first Soviet Romani magazine. It was not mentioned among Romani publications in 1929. The latter could be linked with a serious "political mistake" the absence of the main proletarian slogan Workers / Proletarians of all countries, unite! in the title page header).
Six key dates have been identified in the history from Rus to Russia: the collapse of the Khazar Khaganate, the Christianization of Rus, the Battle of Kulikovo, the Battle of Molodi, the Capitulation of Paris and the Capitulation of Germany. Together with the above five military victories, the days of military glory should be recognized: The Battle of the Ice, the surrender of the Poles in the Kremlin, as well as the victories in the Great Northern War, in the Battle of Chesme, in the Siege of Petropavlovsk, in the Brusilov Offensive and over Japan. A system of days off for Russia has been formed: New Year holidays (with New Year and Christmas), Women's Day, Cosmonautics Day, Saint George's Day, Victory Day over Germany, Russia Day, Day of the Christianization of Rus and Day of origin Russian Statehood. The thousand–year arrow of the successes from Rus to Russian is obtained such: from the foundation Ancient Rus to the flight of the first man into space. Recommendations are given to improve the quality of the autumn, winter and spring recreation of Russian residents by preserving the New Year holidays and creating a system of large heated pools in the southern regions of the country.
Xianbei is a multiethnic community that arose at the beginning of the 1st millennium AD in Central Asia. The advance of the Xianbians to the west coincided with the collapse of the Xiongnu Empire in the 3rd century AD. Starting from this period, the Xianbians began to settle in the vastness of East Kazakhstan and establish their political domination. The study of the archaeological sites of the Xianbians has been carried out systematically since 2016. During this time, more than 60burial sites have been investigated. The problems of settlement and migration of the Xianbei on the territory of modern East Kazakhstan were considered mainly within the framework of comparative typological analysis. In this regard, it is of great importance to obtain and promptly introduce into scientific circulation the radiocarbon calibrated dates associated with the Xianbei period. In this article, for the first time, the results of radiocarbon analysis are introduced into scientific circulation, obtained from the osteological material from layout No.68 of the Berel burial ground and the inlet burial of the royal burial mound of the Elekesazy burial ground. The radiocarbon analysis was carried out at the State Research Institute of the Center for Physical and Technological Sciences in Vilnius (Lithuania) (Responsible for the research is ŽilvinasEžerinskis). As a result, new data were obtained on the settlement of the Xianbians in the territory of Eastern Kazakhstan. ; Сяньби – полиэтническая общность, возникшая в начале Ітыс. н.э. в пространствах Центральной Азии. Продвижение сяньбийцев на запад совпало с распадом империи хуннов в ІІІв. н.э. Начиная с этого периода сяньбийцы стали расселяться на территории Восточного Казахстана и устанавливать свое политическое господство. Изучение археологических памятников сяньбийцев проводится систематично с 2016г. За это время исследовано свыше 60выкладок. Проблемы расселения и миграции сяньбийцев на территории современного Восточного Казахстана расмастривались в основном в рамках ...
To clarify the date of destruction of the site it is necessary to consider the materials of archaeological research and the evidence of written sources. Almost all the groups of ceramics under examination were produced for a long time during the period of the 12th-14th centuries or in the 13th – 14th centuries. Glazed ceramic wares of Zeuksipp group were manufactured from the end of the 12th – to the mid-13th centuries but they were used till the end of the century. The ceramic complex enables to date the layer of destruction by the 13th century and coins restrict its date by the second half of the 13th century. However, the period of destruction of city blocks on Eski-Kermen must not be connected with the raid headed by the Tatar military leader Nogai in 1278; it was done by V. L. Mytz. He referred to the addition on the margins of Sudak Synaxarium; though it informs only about the murder of the people in Sougdaia by the Tatars on the 28th of May, 1278, but the information about the attack of Nogai's army on the city was given in addition from December 20, 1298. In the work by Rukn ad-Dīn Baybars the seizure of the Crimea by Nogai after the defeat of Tocta's army (1290–1312) in 697 (1298) is described. However, in the addition on the margins of this work, it is said that Tocta presented Crimea to Nogai. In the same work the defeat of Kaffa, Kerch and Cherson by Nogai's army in 1299 is given. Probably, at the same time, on the way to Cherson Nogai's army destroyed the city on the plateau of Eski-Kermen as well. After that pogrom the residential blocks were not restored. However, on the plateau the evidences of preserving church activities in the 14th century were revealed. ; Статья посвящена исследованию вопроса о времени разрушения городища на плато Эски-Кермен в Юго-Западном Крыму. На основании данных, полученных во время археологических раскопок (керамика, монеты и пр.), слой разрушения на Эски-Кермене может быть датирован второй половиной XIII в. Данные археологии позволяют утверждать, что после нападения жилые кварталы не были восстановлены. Тем не менее, вопрос об уничтожении городища на Эски-Кермене во время нападения Ногая в 1278 г. остается дискуссионным. В частности, церковные постройки на плато продолжали функционировать и в XIV в.
The article is devoted to the study of the one of the debatable question in the history of Taurica in 11th century, the time of formation of the byzantine theme. The main attention is paid to the analysis published recently critical comments to the basic version of events, which was first presented in the works of W. Treadgold (1979) and C. Zuckerman (1997). This hypothesis relates the emergence of the theme Klimata to the spring-summer of 841 and is the most reasoned in modern historiography. In the article also examines the hypothesis of T. Zivkovic about the possibility of establishment the theme in Taurica at the end of the reign of Emperor Nikephoros I. In our view, this hypothesis is interesting not only for its originality, as range of issues for the region's history and the system of themes in Byzantium, which additionally arise in the course of discussion the version of Serbian historian. Among the most important of them should be noted, firstly, the author's attempt to refuse from the identification of the theme Klimata in Taktikon of Uspenskij and the first byzantine theme of Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos and Theophanes Continuatus, secondly, the new date for the formation of Taktikon of Uspenskij (about 812-813). Finally, our criticism causes the T. Zivkovic's interpretation of archons' institute in Cherson as an example of long-term conservation of the collegial municipal government. ; Статья посвящена изучению одного из дискуссионных вопросов в истории Таврики IX в., времени образования византийской фемы. Основное внимание уделяется анализу опубликованных в последние годы критических комментариев к основной версии событий, которая впервые была изложена в работах У. Тредголда (1979) и К. Цукермана (1997). Эта гипотеза относит появление фемы Климатов к весне – лету 841 г. и остается наиболее аргументированной в современной историографии. В статье также анализируется гипотеза Т. Живковича о возможности учреждения фемы в Таврике в конце правления императора Никифора I (802–811). По мнению автора, интерес вызывает не столько ее оригинальность, сколько круг вопросов по истории региона и фемной системы в Византии, которые дополнительно возникают в процессе обсуждения версии сербского историка. К числу наиболее значимых из них следует отнести: во-первых, попытку Т. Живковича отказаться от отождествления фемы Климатов в «Тактико-не Успенского» и ранней византийской фемы у Константина Багрянородного и Продолжателя Феофана; во-вторых, более раннюю дату составления «Тактикона Успенского» – около 812–813 гг. Наконец, критику вызывает интерпретация Т. Живковичем института архонтов в Херсоне как примера длительного сохранения коллегиального органа муниципального самоуправления.
Dargestellt werden die relevanten statistischen Daten für die wirtschaftliche Situation der hochentwickelten Industrieländer, wobei die Analyse zunächst zusammenfassend und dann differenziert nach einzelnen Ländern vorgenommen wird. Die Untersuchungen stützen sich auf statistische Ergebnisse und Informationen, die in diesen Ländern veröffentlicht wurden. (BIOst-Ldg)
