Suchergebnisse

Does finance facilitate efficient allocation of resources? Our aim in this paper is to find out whether increases in private and public indebtedness affect capital misallocation, which is measured as the dispersion in the return to capital across firms in different industries. For this, we use a novel dataset containing industrylevel data for 18 European countries and control for different macroeconomic indicators as potential determinants of capital misallocation. We exploit the within-country variation across industries in such indicators as external finance dependence, technological intensity, credit constraints and competitive structure, and find that private debt accumulation disproportionately increases capital misallocation in industries with higher financial dependence, higher R&D intensity, a larger share of credit-constrained firms and a lower level of competition. On the other hand, we fail to find any significant and robust effect of public debt on capital misallocation within our country-sector pairs. We believe the distortionary effects of private debt found in our analysis needs a deeper theoretical investigation.

Public debts have exploded to levels unprecedented in recent history as governments responded to the Covid-19 pandemic and economic crisis. Their dramatic rise has prompted apocalyptic warnings about the dangers of heavy debts - about the drag they will place on economic growth and the burden they represent for future generations. This book adds the other side of the equation: drawing on history, it provides a defence of public debt.

"Public debts have exploded to levels unprecedented in recent history as governments responded to the Covid-19 pandemic. Their rise prompted apocalyptic warnings about the dangers of heavy debts - about the drag they will place on economic growth and for future generations. This book adds the other side of the equation: drawing on history, it provides a defence of public debt. It shows that the ability of governments to borrow has played a critical role in meeting emergencies, from wars and pandemics to economic and financial crises, as well as in funding essential public goods and services such as transportation, education and healthcare. In these ways, the capacity to issue debt has been integral to state building. Transactions in public debt securities have also contributed to the development of private financial markets and, through this channel, to modern economic growth. None of this is to deny that debt problems, debt crises and debt defaults occur. But these dramatic events, which attract much attention, are not the entire story. In Defence of Public Debt redresses the balance. It develops its arguments historically, recounting two millennia of public debt experience. It deploys a comprehensive database to identify the factors behind rising public debts and the circumstances under which high debts are successfully brought down. Finally, it brings the story up to date, describing the role of public debt in managing the Covid-19 pandemic and suggesting a way forward once governments, now more heavily indebted than before, finally emerge from the crisis"--

Cover; Fragmented Politics and Public Debt; 1. Introduction; 2. Literature Review; 3. Empirical Model and Data; 4. Main Results; 5. Robustness tests; 6. Concluding remarks and policy implications; Appendix 1. Countries in the Sample; Appendix 2. Other Results; References.

Debt in service of the state -- States and the limits of borrowing -- Democratization and globalization -- Caveat emptor -- Managing problem debts -- Successful consolidation -- Warfare to welfare -- Cycles of debt -- Oil and water -- Missed opportunities -- Debt to the rescue -- COVID-19.

Cover -- Contents -- I. Introduction -- II. Public Debt as State Building -- III. From War Finance to Public Goods -- IV. Debt Consolidation Before 1913 -- V. Evolution of Public Debt since 1900 -- VI. Two Debt Accumulation Episodes -- VII. Two Debt Consolidation Episodes -- VIII. Conclusion -- Data Appendix -- References -- Boxes: -- Box 1. Egypt's Debt History in the 19th Century -- Box 2. Definition and Interpretation of the Stock-Flow Adjustment -- Tables: -- Table 1. Geographical Distribution of debt flows and stocks, 1880-1914 -- Table 2. Decomposition of Select Large Pre-1914 Debt Reductions -- Table 3. Decomposition of Select Large Post-1914 Debt Increases -- Table 4. Shifts in Advanced Economies' Debt Composition, Select Buildup Episodes -- Table 5: Decomposition of Select Large Post-1914 Debt Reductions -- Table 6. Shifts in Advanced Economies' Debt Composition, Select Reduction Episodes -- Table 7. Shifts in Select Advanced Economies' Debt Composition, Post-WWII -- Figures: -- Figure 1. Sovereign Default Prevalence, 1800-1913 -- Figure 2. Public debt and Primary Balance in the United Kingdom -- Figure 3. Public Debt and Primary Balance in the United States -- Figure 4. Public Debt and Primary Balance in France -- Figure 5. Public Debt Ratio -- Figure 6. Debt Composition in Advanced Economies, Maturity and Currency -- Figure 7. Debt Composition in Advanced Economies, Holders -- Figure 8. Debt Composition in Emerging Economies -- Figure 9. Select External Debt Composition Indicators in LICs -- Figure 10. Interest-Growth Differential in Advanced Economies -- Figure 11. Central Bank Holdings of Government Debt in the U.S -- Figure 12. Italy: Debt Composition in the 1970s through Euro Adoption

As Europe proceeds towards economic and monetary union, fiscal convergence and the prospect of a common money are at the centre of discussion. This volume from the Centre for Economic Policy Research brings together theoretical, applied and historical research on the management of public debt and its implications for financial stability. Gale fills a gap in the literature, using a consistent framework to investigate the welfare economics of public debt, while Calvo and Guidotti analyse the trade-off between indexation and maturity when it comes to minimizing debt service. Confidence crises have become relevant again in view of the high debt ratios in countries such as Belgium, Italy and Ireland. Alesina, Prati and Tabellini develop a formal model of the propagation of a debt run and use it to interpret Italian debt panics. Giavazzi and Pagano concentrate on how inappropriate debt management can precipitate a run on the currency while Makinen and Woodward review a broad sweep of historical experience

This collection is an analysis of the theoretical foundations of public debt sustainability concepts and their application to the empirical study of actual budgetary policies. The contributors to this volume consider whether the development of public debt in the United States and six EU countries is sustainable.

Sustainable public debt has gained renewed attention as countries implement fiscal consolidation measures in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. Sound public debt policies and debt management practices require robust legal underpinnings. Complex legal issues however arise in the design of the legal framework, and tradeoffs are required in many instances. This paper analyzes key features of modern public debt management legal frameworks, drawing from examples in advanced, emerging, and frontier markets. It aims to provide guidance for countries that seek to review and strengthen their

Cover -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A bare-bones model of sovereign debt crises -- 2.1 Optimal default and taxation plans under discretion -- 2.2 Debt pricing -- 2.3 Rational expectations equilibrium and regularity conditions -- 2.4 Equilibria -- 3 The effect of tranching when senior debt is riskless -- 3.1 A Modigliani-Miller irrelevance result -- 3.2 Non-neutrality -- 4 Risky senior debt -- 5 A numerical illustration -- 6 Conclusion -- 7 Appendix -- A Proofs of Propositions -- A.1 Proof of Proposition 1 -- A.2 Proof of Proposition 2 -- A.3 Proof of Proposition 3 -- A.4 Proof of Proposition 4 -- B Equilibria under tranching

Public Debt Dynamics of Europe and the U.S., provides the evidence and implications of current policies by sovereigns and central banks, in dealing with the debt abyss. It brings in perspective the diversity of opinion reigning in modern economics and finance and outlines the themes which, among themselves, are defining the society in which we live. Our epoch has accepted the theory that leveraging is good for a person, a company or even a nation. This has led to the debt syndrome and its disastrous aftereffects. Throughout the book evidence emerges that piling up public debt can lead to an unmitigated disaster. This is demonstrated through case studies on Greece, Spain, Italy, France and the United States - in short, those western countries that nowadays have lost control of their senses and of their economy. This book uses real life examples, using case studies as evidence of good and bad approaches to social, economic and financial life. Live events also help as undisputable demonstrators of successes and failures in the search for solutions in getting out of the hole western governments find themselves. As Denis Healey, a former British chancellor of the Exchequer, once said: "The first law of holes is that if you are in one stop digging." Provides insight and implications on the current policies of sovereigns and central banks Uses real life practical examples and case studies on Greece, Spain, Italy, France and the United States Examines developing countries, particularly BRICS, and their exposure to debt Focuses on public health and the effects it has on the economy.