Suchergebnisse

Decentralisation is a common theme in almost all Western market economies and an emerging issue in the socialist planned economies. But the concepts stimulating the debate vary greatly. Focuses on the 2 chief aspects: intergovernmental change and decentralisiation from governments to market and nongovernmental organisations. The context of where countries have previously been positioned provides the background. (SJK)

Bien qu'ethniquement homogene, le systeme de l'administration decentralisee reste peu efficace et certains services essentiels ne sont pas assures. Un large fosse separe le pouvoirs publics de la population. La population rurale est pratiquement exclue de la direction des affaires qui la concernment. Des conseils locaux assurent la decentralisation avec, a leur tete, un chef de village. Des agences gouvernementales ont peu a peu remplace les conseils locaux a partir de 1982. Un bilan de ces efforts de decentralisation souligne leur inutilite sur le plan politique et practique local. (Internat. Polit. Science Assoc.)

The theory of fiscal federalism asserts that fiscal decentralization increases government effectiveness, reduces government budgets, and reduces corruption when used as a means of government reform. However, counter‐arguments have been made that such an approach has diverging effects according to the level of national development. We have attempted herein to carry out an empirical analysis to examine these theories. Data from 17 developed and 17 developing states were obtained in order to conduct a regression analysis of various indicators. The results revealed that fiscal decentralization reduced government effectiveness in developed countries. Important determinants for government effectiveness were the quality of regulation and the rule of law. When responsibility for expenditure and revenue were devolved, budgets expanded in both developed and developing countries. Fiscal decentralization deterred corruption in advanced states, whereas greater autonomy in spending increased malfeasance in the developing world.

The theory of fiscal federalism asserts that fiscal decentralization increases government effectiveness, reduces government budgets, and reduces corruption when used as a means of government reform. However, counter-arguments have been made that such an approach has diverging effects according to the level of national development. We have attempted herein to carry out an empirical analysis to examine these theories. Data from 17 developed and 17 developing states were obtained in order to conduct a regression analysis of various indicators. The results revealed that fiscal decentralization reduced government effectiveness in developed countries. Important determinants for government effectiveness were the quality of regulation and the rule of law. When responsibility for expenditure and revenue were devolved, budgets expanded in both developed and developing countries. Fiscal decentralization deterred corruption in advanced states, whereas greater autonomy in spending increased malfeasance in the developing world. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractA large part of the decentralization literature is fragmented along political, fiscal, or administrative lines. In this article we employ a diagnostic framework to draw these dimensions together in a coherent manner to focus on analyzing local government discretion and accountability in Tanzania. Tanzania seems to have a deconcentrated local government system with central appointees having large powers at the local level. Centrally‐funded mandates—such as constructing secondary schools—dominate local government plans and budgets. Central control over administrative functions has ensured that administrative decentralization is yet to occur. In the fiscal sphere, progress has been made in transparency and harmonization of transfers in the last 5 years but local governments still have some way to go in raising own revenues, being less reliant on transfers, and ensuring downward accountability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.