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As global health inequities continue to widen, policymakers are redoubling their efforts to address them. Yet the effectiveness and quality of these programs vary considerably, sometimes resulting in the reverse of expected outcomes. While local political issues or cultural conflicts may play a part in these situations, an important new book points to a universal factor: the prevailing deficit model of assessing health needs, which puts disadvantaged communities on the defensive while ignoring their potential strengths. The asset model proposed in "Health Assets in a Global Context Intern

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the author -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 Build your money muscle -- Money is a muscle -- How to build your money muscle -- The importance of tracking your progress -- Is your current strategy the best one for you? -- Money success - myth vs reality -- Urgent vs important -- Money stages -- Building wealth -- Winding back on your salary -- Financial freedom -- The building blocks to getting there -- Saving -- Investing -- Property and leverage -- Financial wellbeing -- A clear plan -- Know your unknowns -- Manage your risks -- Money psychology -- We stick to defaults -- Parkinson's Law -- The power of barriers -- Willpower is limited -- Chapter 2 Become a savings superstar -- Saving challenges -- Saving and spending habits -- The juggle -- Finding balance -- What a budget isn't -- Importance of a system -- Why most money goals fail -- Nailing your fail-safe savings system -- Build the last budget you'll ever need -- Step 1: Lay out your income and expenses -- Step 2: Prioritise -- Step 3: Think ahead -- Step 4: Segregate and automate -- Practical banking tips and hacks -- Your banking buckets -- Chapter 3 Invest to replace your salary -- How much do you need to replace your salary by investing? -- Underestimate long term, overestimate short term -- Growth vs defensive investments and your investment timeline -- Diversification -- Small company vs big company risk -- Active vs passive investing -- Ethical investing -- Formulate your investment strategy -- Franking credits are your friend -- Types of investments -- Direct shares -- Managed funds -- Exchange-traded funds -- Listed investment companies -- Micro-investing -- Choosing between the options -- How much should you invest -- The wrap -- Your action steps -- Chapter 4 Buy property like a pro -- Property vs shares.

Repeated interaction between a terrorist group and a target government is analyzed in a game-theoretic model. The analysis identifies a dynamic inconsistency problem, which forces the government to under-invest in defensive measures while over-investing in offensive measures. Policy implications are discussed in light of recent US counterterrorism experience. It is shown that governments may resolve the problem by delegating the authority over defensive measures to an independent agency.

THIS ARTICLE EXPLAINS THE REASONS WHY THE AFL-CIO HAD NO CHOICE BUT TO HELP RE-ELECT BILL CLINTON IN 1996. ALTHOUGH HE CONTINUALLY DISAPPOINTS LABOR, BILL CLINTON WAS A BETTER CHOICE THAN BOB DOLE. THE 1998 CAMPAIGN SEASON IS DISCUSSED: THERE HAS BEEN ALMOST NO TALK OF LABOR'S CORE ISSUES. LABOR IS INVESTING HEAVILY IN UNINSPIRING, CULTURALLY CONSERVATIVE CANDIDATES NATIONWIDE. FOR THE 2000 AND 2002 ELECTIONS UNIONS WILL NEED TO MAKE A LOT OF CHEERLESS, DEFENSIVE, LESSER-EVIL ENDORSEMENTS. BUT EVEN IN THIS UNHAPPY CONTEXT, UNIONS COULD USE THE ELECTORAL ARENA MORE EFFECTIVELY, AS A MEANS OF FORCING THEIR ISSUES ONTO THE PUBLIC AGENDA AND AS A MEANS OF STRENGTHENING COALITIONS FOR OTHER PROGRESSIVE SOCIAL MOVEMENTS.

The paper considersan industry where the effects of pollution can be off-set by investing in adaption as a private good. The focus is not on external effects, but on economies of scale that are introducted when the costs of adapting to pollution are independent from the quantity produced. The structure of the resulting oligopolistic market is endogenous in the model, since adaption expenditures are like fixed costs in production, but the amount of these expenditures is itself a choice variable for the firms. The analysis of externalities usually disregards defensive or adaption measures, with a few exeptions that indicate considerable complications. The present debate to climate change yet shows the importance of understanding defensive measures. Is there a case for governmental action in private adaption? It is shown that market failure caused by private adaption leads to production costs above the social optimum, i.e. to under-adaption. When pollution increases, adaption only increase if demand is inelastic. Only then welfare loss from market failure increases. Total welfare loss from pollution is only convex if demand is inelastic and the influence of pollution on production costs is stronger than the influence of adaption.

As the United States faces a rise in credible antiaccess/area-denial (A2/AD) threats, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) started developing counteraccess denial strategies early in the twenty-first century. Access denial strategies are not a new defensive strategy; what makes access denial challenging on the modern battlefield is the dramatic improvement and proliferation of weapons capable of denying access to or freedom of action within an operational area. Through a historical review of Japanese naval battles during the early twentieth century, a framework to model possible future contests for control of the maritime domain is possible. Control of the maritime domain is the prerequisite for assured access and sets the condition for successful Joint operations. In this article, recommendations for achieving success in this new operating environment are offered, including investing in low-cost technology that extends ranges of A2/AD capabilities.

All major continental empires proclaimed their desire to rule 'the entire world', investing considerable human and material resources in expanding their territory. Each, however, eventually had to stop expansion and come to terms with a shift to defensive strategy. This volume explores the factors that facilitated Eurasian empires' expansion and contraction: from ideology to ecology, economic and military considerations to changing composition of the imperial elites. Built around a common set of questions, a team of leading specialists systematically compare a broad set of Eurasian empires - from Achaemenid Iran, the Romans, Qin and Han China, via the Caliphate, the Byzantines and the Mongols to the Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals, Russians, and Ming and Qing China. The result is a state-of-the art analysis of the major imperial enterprises in Eurasian history from antiquity to the early modern that discerns both commonalities and differences in the empires' spatial trajectories

The relationship between the nuclear arms race and strategic stability has been important for scholars, politicians, and journalists who have shown keen interest in what causes a state to augment its military power and its effects on its rivalries with other states. As emerging technologies continue to change the security calculus of the states, the arms race is on for investing in the development and acquisition of offensive and defensive technologies in South Asia. The Indian strategic cooperation with the technologically advanced countries and the increase in the defense budget confirm its military modernization while upsetting the delicacies of the conventional military balance in South Asia. This study gives a substantive background to the developments and technological advancements in the post overt nuclearization era (1998) in the context of complications posed by India's persistent animus dominandi to outpace Pakistan in an anarchic structure vis-à-vis its impact on strategic instability in South Asia by making a comprehensive analysis of an unending arms race for the maintenance of credible minimum deterrence.

Die Schweizer Gesellschaft und Politik befasst sich seit geraumer Zeit intensiv mit dem Thema Nachhaltigkeit. Diese Entwicklung fördert auch private und institutionelle Anlageentscheidungen im Bereich Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Investing. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt Aufschluss darüber, ob Schweizer ESG-Portfolios gegenüber dem Swiss Market Index (SMI) eine signifikante Überrendite erwirtschaften können. Weiter wird untersucht ob durch eine geografische Diversifizierung signifikant höhere Renditen erzielt werden können. Innerhalb der Performance-Analyse identifiziert diese Arbeit ausserdem die ESG-Komponente mit den besten Ergebnissen. In einem ersten Schritt fasst die vorliegende Arbeit die Erkenntnisse aus der Sekundärforschung zusammen und erläutert die theoretischen Grundlagen. Für die PerformanceAnalyse wurden vier Portfolios für die Komponenten Environmental, Social, Governance sowie der Kombination ESG nach der Methodik der Dow Jones Sustainabilty Indices (DJSI) konstruiert. Die Beobachtungsperiode erstreckt sich vom 22. September 2014 bis zum 19. September 2019. Es wurden diverse Performance-Kennzahlen eruiert und mit jenen der Benchmarks SMI und DJSI-World verglichen. Für die Evaluierung einer signifikanten Überrendite wurde mittels Regressionen die Renditen der ESGPortfolios und deren Benchmarks anhand des Capital Asset Pricing Model ausgewertet. Der Student's t-Test bewertet dabei die Signifikanz der Koeffizienten und das adjusted R-squared den Erklärungsgehalt der Regressionsmodelle. Der Vergleich der Performance-Kennzahlen mit dem SMI zeigt, dass drei von vier Portfolios schlechter als das Marktportfolio abschneiden. Bei den Risikokennzahlen sind jedoch überwiegend bessere Ergebnisse in den ESG-Portfolios zu erkennen. Einzig das Environmental-Portfolio kann eine positive aktive Rendite von 1.71 Prozent erzielen und den Benchmark in allen Kennzahlen übertreffen. Daraus resultierend ist diese Komponente im Peer-Group-Vergleich als Gewinner zu identifizieren. Der Kennzahlenvergleich des Schweizer ESG-Portfolios mit dem global diversifizierten DJSI-World verläuft zugunsten des Benchmarks. Nichtsdestotrotz kann in keiner Regressionsanalyse ein signifikantes Alpha festgestellt werden. Die Betas sind hingegen alle auf einem einprozentigen Konfidenzniveau signifikant und mit Werten zwischen 0.80 und 0.95 eher defensiv ausgerichtet. Die überwiegend schlechteren Ergebnissen in den Performance-Kennzahlen implizieren eine tendenzielle Unterperformance. In Anbetracht der nicht signifikanten Alphas zeigt sich jedoch eine grundsätzlich neutrale Beziehung zwischen den ESG-Portfolios und deren Benchmarks. Folglich ermöglicht dies Investitionen in nachhaltige Schweizer ESG-Portfolios ohne signifikante Renditeeinbusse. Es ist jedoch zu beachten, dass in der vorliegenden Analyse keine Kosten berücksichtigt sind. Aufgrund der hochsignifikanten und defensiven Betas sowie der besseren Risikokennzahlen könnten sich ESGPortfolios vor allem in schlechten Zeiten lohnen. Diese These wäre jedoch durch die Performance-Analyse während eines Bärenmarkts zu belegen.

Since 2005, a burgeoning wave of Chinese investments has set off a new 'minerals boom' in the Australian iron ore and coal mining sectors. While normally a welcome development for a host country, the state-owned character of the investing Chinese firms, and the 'strategic' rather than 'commercial' nature of their investments, has led to debate in Australia regarding how this process should be managed. Concurrently, in early 2008 the Australian government indicated an intention to more closely screen investments in its mineral sector "in the national interest", with a number of Chinese proposals subsequently either rejected or made conditional upon specific commitments. Both supporters and detractors alike have claimed this approach suggests an emerging 'resource nationalism' – an attempt to subject market-based economic processes to political control for national developmental purposes – in Australian policy towards its minerals trade and investments with China. This paper challenges this understanding, through an examination of the political economy characteristics of Chinese foreign mining investments, the dilemmas these present to the Australian government, and the relatively restrained nature of its response as seen in its recent FDI screening decisions. Through this evidence, Australian policy responses will be explained as a defensive move against the potential for non-market behaviour resulting from the state-directed character of the Chinese investors, rather than any national program to politically control minerals trade and investment. On the basis of this discussion, this paper will argue that Australian policy instead evidences a 'resource liberalism' approach, that attempts to ensure that the governance of its minerals trade and investment with China remain firmly as market-based processes.