Suchergebnisse

MILITARY COUP OF SEPT. 11, 1973 INITIATED A RAPID PROCESS OF POLITICAL DEMOBILIZATION IN CHILE. THE ARTICLE EXAMINES THAT PROCESS AND EXPLORES ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE CENTRAL POLICY GOALS OF THE CHILEAN JUNTA. IT FOCUSES SPECIFICALLY ON THE REGIME'S EFFORTS TO CONTROL TRADE UNIONS AND POLITICAL PARTIES, AND ATTEMPTS TO PROVIDE SOME PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE COMPARATIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF CHILE'S STATE.

The possibilities of an end to military rule in developing states and of a postmilitary era in these states have only recently started to receive some consideration. In general, movement away from military control of politics is perceived as a matter of choice on the part of military elites and as a question of gradually expanding participation so as not to outstrip the slow accrual of extrabureaucratic power. Pakistan's experiences since 1971 suggest another pattern of transition from military-dominated to civiliandominated politics. Pakistan has been characterized by suddenly expanded participation and by the new civilian leadership's use of demobilization and patrimonial strategies to curtail this participation. Such strategies, patrimonialism in particular, have "dedevelopmental" consequences for the political system.

Described are the activities of African soldiers from French & British colonies as combat troops in Ethiopia, Burma, & France & as support troops in Europe, North Africa, & South Asia during WWII. The recruitment of these troops is described; the opportunity to obtain vocational training was an inducement to enlist, for men from British Africa. There is little evidence of the political awakening of soldiers on a large scale resulting from the war. Rather, the modernizing aspect of the military experience was more important. Effects of the war experience differed in French Africa, British West Africa, & British East Africa. French African soldiers became a strong pro-French force in the postwar political arena in French colonies because of generous demobilization benefits. British veterans, however, were more likely to be proindependence because of their disappointment with the postwar treatment they received. Military histories, wartime periodicals, fiction, & unpublished dissertations form the bulk of the source material. Modified AA.