Suchergebnisse

Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration, or DDR, has been widely advocated for decades as an essential component of postconflict peacebuilding. But DDR in practice has generated more questions than answers. Does the approach work, contributing to postconflict stabilization and the reintegration of former combatants? Can it work better? What constitutes success? What accounts for failures? Do the potential risks outweigh the potential benefits? Drawing on his extensive experience in the field, Desmond Molloy considers these questions and more as he traces the evolution of DDR theory and practice from the mid-1980s to the present

Achieving the millennium development goals: the role played by conversion. - S. 12-21 Outsourcing the state? Security governance and the privatization of military functions. - S. 88-108 Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration without camps: the need for decentralized approaches. - S. 112-125 Security sector reform in post-conflict societies: assessing the record in Afghanistan and Iraq. - S. 126-144

Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Why Another DDR Book Is Necessary -- Methodology -- Case Selection -- Outline of the Book -- Notes -- Chapter 2: Conceptualizing Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Processes -- Disarmament -- Demobilization -- Reintegration -- "First-Generation" and "Second-Generation" DDR -- Target Group -- State Agency in DDR -- Structural and Organizational Framework -- Linkages Between DDR and SSR in State-, Nation- and Peacebuilding -- Post-conflict Violence Types -- Notes -- Chapter 3: Zimbabwe: DDR by Trial and Error -- Introduction -- Zimbabwe's Liberation War -- Lancaster House Agreement: Sacrificing DDR to End the War -- Ceasefire and Elections: Creating a Legitimate Framework for DDR -- Pre-integration Disarmament and Demobilization: Pay and Scatter -- Military Integration and State- and Nation-­Building: A Prelude to Institutionalized DDR -- Demobilization and Reintegration -- Operation SEED (Soldiers Engaged in Economic Development) -- 1981-1983 Demobilization and Reintegration Process: Rectifying "Pay and Scatter" -- Demobilization Allowance -- Education and Technical Training -- Employment -- Co-operatives and Entrepreneurial Guidance -- DDR of Special Categories: A Double Jeopardy? -- Women Ex-combatants -- Ineligible Ex-combatants -- Civil Society and the Wider Community -- Taking Stock of the Second DDR Initiative -- Enter the ZNLWVA: Reviving State Agency by Ex-combatant Agency -- 1997 Phase of Reintegration: Third Time Unlucky? -- Land, War Veterans and Political Violence -- Renewed Phase of Reintegration: Better Late Than Never? -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 4: Namibia: Creating a Time Bomb -- Introduction -- UNTAG Background -- Namibia's Liberation War -- UNTAG's Disarmament and Demobilization

Cover -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- 1 REBELS RESOLUTE: The Mind of Johnny Reb upon Surrender -- 2 YANKEES & -- REBELS: The System of Confederate Demobilization -- 3 REBELS & -- REBELS: When Johnny Reb Came Marching Home -- 4 EVERY REBEL FOR HIMSELF: The Lawless Summer of 1865 -- 5 REBELS REUNITED: Homecoming, Rebirth, and Redemption -- APPENDIX: Sample and Methodology -- NOTES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX.

Cover -- Contents -- List of Figures, Graphs and Maps -- Series Editors' Preface -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Abbreviations -- Part I: Rethinking the Legacy of Conflict in the Era of Atlantic Revolutions -- 1 Introduction: War, Demobilization and Memory in the Era of Atlantic Revolutions -- 2 The Birth of Militarism in the Age of Democratic Revolutions -- Part II: Peace Making, Occupation and Military Demobilization -- 3 Making Peace: The Allied Occupation of France, 1815-1818

This book revisits post-Cold War Disarmament Disintegration and Reintegration (DDR) programmes in the light of previous experiences of disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration. In the history of North America and Europe, in particular, such programmes had a major impact on state-building, contributing to the development of the welfare state, shaping political settlements and directing government policy to maintain social peace. The authors in this important book ask what is left of these state-building dimensions in contemporary DDR programmes and whether the constraints imposed by international organisations on DDR programmes have more negative effects than positive ones. The role of political leadership in DDR processes is highlighted: can bureaucratically-driven processes deliver success? Only if political elites take full control and manage DDR programmes can there be a lasting impact on state-building. Even then, most political elites avoid deep changes in their relationship with the veterans. Is there a chance of reshaping international intervention in such a way as to favour the development of a 'social contract' between political elites and veterans? In taking a historical perspective, this book is unique in the existing literature on DDR and will be essential reading for policy makers, students and scholars of conflict studies, and those working in NGOs, particularly donor agencies.

The party logic of voter demobilization -- Race and party competition in post-World War II America -- Black voting power in the cities -- Party resistance to national voter registration reform -- Beyond race? The parties search for a third way -- Keeping down the vote: the contemporary revival of vote Suppression tactics

Adopting Argentina's popular uprisings against neoliberalism including the 2001-02 rebellion and subsequent mass protests as a case study, The Mobilization and Demobilization of Middle-Class Revolt analyzes two decades of longitudinal research (1995-2018), including World Bank and Latinobaraometer household survey data, along with participant interviews, to explore why nonpolitically active middle-class citizens engage in radical protest movements, and why they eventually demobilize. In particular it asks, how do they become politicized and resist economic and political crises, along with their own hardship? Theoretically informed by Gramsci's notions of hegemony, ideology and class consciousness, Ozarow posits that to affect profound and lasting social change, multisectoral alliances and sustainable mobilizing vehicles are required to maintain radical progressive movements beyond periods of crisis. With the Argentinian revolt understood to be the ideological forbearer to the autonomist-inspired uprisings which later emerged, comparisons are drawn with experiences in the USA, Spain, Greece UK, Iceland and the Middle East, as well as 1990s contexts in South Africa and Russia. Such a comparative analysis helps understand how contextual factors shape distinctive struggling middle-class citizen responses to external shocks. This book will be of immense value to students, activists and theorists of social change in North America, in Europe and globally.

"Met any American communists lately? Between 1919 and the late 1950s, the Communist Party of the United States of America (CP-USA) engaged in a wide variety of challenges directed against the U.S. government and its economic system. Because of this, many aspects of the organization became well known to the American public. Indeed, in their day, the names of the organizational leadership (i.e., William Foster, Earl Browder and Eugene Dennis) were as popular as any at the time. Bent on dramatically transforming US political-economic relations, the Party attempted to raise awareness regarding the evils of the American political-economic system and engage in numerous struggles against it. The activities put forth toward these ends were as numerous as they were varied, from editorials to unionization to political campaigns to mass protests"--