Suchergebnisse

La tecnologia che amplifica la realtà come pure i mezzi tecnologici di acquisizione dei dati, stanno continuando ad avere uno svilup - po difficilmente controllabile o prevedibile. Progetti di un certo interesse, nascono, si sviluppano e muoiono talvolta senza produrre risultati significativi, ma costituendosi come fasi di un processo fluido e dinamico, sul quale vengono costruite nuove applicazioni software e sistemi hardware. Allo stesso tempo, il ruolo dell'accademia sembra venire spesso scavalcato da ciò che viene sviluppato dalla citizen science: ai ricercatori non sembra più spettare esclusivamente il compito della "scoperta", quanto piuttosto la crea - zione di protocolli scientificamente affidabili sulla base di tecnologie spesso utilizzate dalle diverse comunità di citizen scientists in maniera non conforme alle specifiche per le quali erano state progettate. Il contributo propone una riflessione su questi temi prendendo come spunto due sperimentazioni dall'alto contenuto innovativo che abbracciano varie fasi del processo definito con il termine rilievo. Esse riguardano infatti da un lato un sistema hw/sw di acquisizione dati, elaborazione e comunicazione sviluppato per dispositivi mobili ( Progetto Tango ) e una piattaforma mista ROV/UAV multi - sensore dotata di sistema LIDAR e fotocamera digitale per l'acquisizione di dati in luoghi non accessibili ( Progetto Heritagebot ). ; The technology that 'amplifies' the real world as well as the technological means of data capturing, are continuing to have a development difficult to control or predict. Projects of a certain interest are born, develop and die sometimes without producing significant results nevertheless becoming phases of a fluid and dynamic process, on which new software applications and hardware systems are built. At the same time, the role of the academy seems to be often overtaken by what is developed by the citizen science. Researchers no longer seem to exclusively explore the 'discovery' domain, but rather work at the setup of scientifically reliable protocols for technologies often used by different communities of citizens in a way that does not conform to the specifications for which they were originally designed. This paper focuses on these issues taking as its starting point two experiments with high innovative content that cover various stages of the process defined by the term Survey. They pertain on the one hand to a hw/sw system of data capturing, processing and communication developed for mobile devices (Tango Project) and on the other to a mixed ROV/UAV multisensor platform equipped with a LIDAR system and digital camera for data acquisition in inaccessible places (Heritagebot Project).

Liberal democracy is in crisis and an increasing number of countries are at risk of sliding back to authoritarianism, according to several scholars. This paper aims to analyse the possible risks that contemporary democratic regimes face. Most importantly, is the crisis of liberal democracy a temporary malaise, or does it represent the first stage of an outright process of regime change towards autocracy? To address this question, we re-examine the ongoing illiberal trend in light of the processes of autocratization that have occurred in several world regions since the beginning of the 21st century. The research highlights a "goodµ and a "badµ news. On one hand, the backsliding of liberal democracy towards defective forms of democracy does represent a worrisome sign, given that defective democracies are fragile regimes and thus likely candidates to suffer democratic breakdown and to be replaced by some form of autocracy. On the other hand, several cases show that, similarly to democratization, autocratization can fail, or be reversed.

Since the 1980s the Pakistani society has been characterized by a rise of sectarian violence that has especially involved the Sunni and Shiite communities in the Punjab province. While there is a long history of communitarian and sectarian violence in South Asia before 1947, the contemporary phenomenon has significantly innovated the forms of violence. Sectarian clashes in the past were typically sporadic and localized, where the contemporary Sunni-Shi'a violence is based on a perception of religious identity as collective and homogeneous. Sunni and Shi'a conflicts in the Punjab are connected to the activity of sectarian organizations that combine requests for religious purification with socio-political themes. The essay analyzes the historical evolution of this phenomenon in connection with the larger economic and social change in the Punjab province from the 1970s onwards. ; La società pachistana è stata caratterizzata dagli anni ottanta del novecento da una violenza a carattere settario che ha coinvolto in special modo le comunità sunnita e sciita. Pur presentando elementi di continuità con i conflitti del passato, questo fenomeno ha innovato in modo rilevante le forme della violenza tipiche dell'Asia meridionale. I conflitti settari attuali non hanno le caratteristiche sporadiche e localizzate tipiche della violenza "tradizionale", ma si basano su una percezione dell'identità come collettiva e omogenea. Inoltre il fenomeno è collegato all'attività di organizzazioni che uniscono richieste di purificazione religiosa a temi di carattere socio-politico. Il saggio analizza le radici storiche e l'evoluzione di questo fenomeno ricollegandolo alla più generale trasformazione sociale ed economica della provincia del Punjab dagli anni settanta in poi.

[ita] In questo lavoro di ricerca si è tentato di rispondere alla domanda se la teoria dell'universalità di certi diritti come quelli riguardanti i vulnerabili, in particolare le minoranze, donne e bambini, possa essere estesa anche a Paesi di fede musulmana che, al contrario, insistono sulla specificità culturale. È il caso della Tunisia che si è scelto di studiare in virtù del suo passato ricco di civilizzazioni e del nuovo processo di democratizzazione in corso, senza trascurare l'importanza della sua adesione a interessanti accordi internazionali come il Patto di Barcellona. Si è quindi compreso che l'ostacolo alla protezione di certi diritti non può essere attribuito solo alla religione poiché, anche se le diverse confessioni non esistessero, non sarebbe ugualmente facile garantire il rispetto incondizionato dei diritti dei vulnerabili, in particolare di quelle minoranze come gli handicappati e gli omosessuali, che non possono mai diventare, né diventeranno, una maggioranza. Al fine di ridurre e / o risolvere queste forti disparità relative a qualsivoglia ordinamento giuridico, compreso quello del Paese studiato, sarà necessario rendere la libertà di coscienza un principio generale ed efficace erga omnes e assicurare che la società civile sia rafforzata e sensibilizzata verso la tutela dei diritti fondamentali. Ciò dovrà avvenire non solo a livello locale ma universale, attraverso un dialogo tra maggioranze e minoranze, nel segno della vera democrazia, superando l'ostilità delle élites politiche che, il più delle volte, dietro le varie dichiarazioni di principio calpestano i diritti umani per scopi economici. ; [eng] The aim of this work is to answer the research question of whether the theory of universality of certain rights such as those concerning the vulnerable, in particular minorities, women and children, can also be extended to muslim countries, which still insist on cultural specificity instead. Consequently, we decided to study the case of Tunisia, because of both its past full of different civilizations, and the new ongoing process of democratization, and the importance of its subscription to interesting international agreements, such as the Barcelona Pact. What was understood within this thesis is that the obstacle to the protection of certain rights cannot be blamed only on religion; in fact, even if different religions did not exist, it would not be easy as well to guarantee the unconditional respect of the rights of the vulnerable, especially of those minorities such as handicapped and homosexsuals, that unfortunately cannot and will never become a majority. Therefore, in order to reduce and / or resolve these strong disparities related to any legal system, including that of the studied country, it will be necessary to make freedom of conscience a general and effective principle erga omnes, and to ensure that civil society is strengthened and sensitized towards the protection of fundamental rights. This will have to take place not only on a local but also on a universal level, by exploiting dialogue between majorities and minorities, according to the principles of a real democracy. In this way, it would be possible to finally overcome the hostility of political élites which, most of the times, in spite of the various peaceful declarations, trample human rights for economic purposes. ; [spa] En este trabajo de investigación se ha intentado responder a la pregunta si la teoría de la universalidad de algunos derechos, en particular aquellos de las personas indefensas, las minorías, mujeres y niños, pueda ser extendida también a los países de fe musulmana que, al contrario, insisten en la diversidad cultural. Es el caso de Túnez, el cual se ha elegido de estudiar teniendo en cuenta su pasado rico de civilizaciones y del nuevo proceso de democratización en curso, sin pasar por alto la importancia de su adhesión a los interesantes acuerdos internacionales, como el Pacto de Barcelona. Entonces se ha entendido que el obstáculo de la protección de algunos derechos no puede ser atribuido solo a la religión, ya que si las diversas religiones no existieran, no sería fácil garantizar el respeto incondicional de los derechos de los más vulnerables, en particular de aquellas minorías como las personas con discapacidad y homosexuales, que no pueden nunca convertirse, ni se convertirán, en una mayoría. Con el fin de reducir y/o eliminar estas fuertes desigualdades relacionadas con cualquier ordenamiento jurídico, incluido el país objeto de estudio, será necesario hacer de la libertad de conciencia un principio general con eficacia erga omnes y asegurar que la sociedad civil se vea reforzada y sensibilizada hacia la protección de los derechos fundamentales. Esto tendrá que suceder no solo a nivel local sino también universal, a través de un dialogo entre mayorías y minorías, bajo el signo de la verdadera democracia, superando la hostilidad de las élites políticas, que en la mayoría de los casos, detrás de las diferentes declaraciones de principios, pisotean los derechos humanos por objetivos económicos.

The degeneration of contemporary democracies has attracted the attention of constitutional law scholars in recent years. The leading categorizations include illiberal democracies, authoritarian constitutionalism and populist constitutionalism. The paper tries to reconstruct the current debate confronting it with the theory of democratization, which was widespread in the 1990' and 2000' years. The author considers the current literature on the topic to be a specular paradigm towards the previous transitology pattern but proposes a strict understanding of the new pattern

This article focuses on administrative reforms in two countries of the Western Balkans – Croatia and Serbia – within the context of democratization and Europeanization processes. It explores, in particular, the administrative simplification measurdes and regulatory reforms that have been undertaken by the two countries in order to reduce administrative burdens on both businesses and citizens, and improve public governance and regulatory quality. In this article, particular attention is given to the progress reached by Croatia and Serbia in establishing the one stop shop principle and e-Government services. The main aim of the article is to verify the impact of the EU integration on administrative simplification measures, especially in the areas of administrative procedure and relationships between public administration and citizens.

The article explores, through the case of Martin Kasarda's novel (azda) Posledná večera (1991) and the ensuing controversy and complaints of public insult against the author and the publishers by some members of the Slovak Parliament, the article explores the difficult process of democratization in Slovakia during the period following the end of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. The author focuses on the clashes between two fundamental civic rights such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion, and between culture and politics. The article compares the Slovak case with other contemporary situations such as complaints against Martin Scorsese's film The Last Temptation of Christ and the issue of Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses.

The Chilean Government has been taking legal action since 2010 by the law of 20.422 that establishes the Norms about Equal Opportunities and Inclusion for Disabled Persons. Despite above mentioned anti-discriminatory legislation framework and progress, several factor hamper the inclusion at university. Democratization of HE has helped to ensure a growing trend of increasing enrollment of students with disability in Chile, though it is still not significant enough in terms of potential numbers. Starting from this scenario, the paper aims to provide an overview of the principal steps carried out during the MUSE Project in Latin American in order to highlight the progresses and the challenges of a process in act which has the objective of improve access, ensure retention conditions and develop rich learning opportunities for HEIs' Disabled Students.

The development of new media for use as tools to collect, register and create data has opened innovative and original mediascapes where several forces are involved in an effort to provide a historical explanation of the past. Augmented reality is not a simple virtual object but is also a historical fact, which has modified the offline world. The huge amount of data poured into cyberspace have multiplied the actors involved in the construction of historical and archaeological interpretations and produced different discourses in competition with each other about the past. The 'democratization' of knowledge conveyed by the web has opened new semantic spaces and challenged the old rules about authority of knowledge. Today, archaeology must deal with the logic inherent in these new rhetoric spaces and with its particular way of making discourse about the past through the web.

This article explores Max Weber's ideas about a «successful peace» that he exposed during World War I. For Weber, a successful peace depended essentially on important domestic reforms and a fundamental reorganisation of the German Reich, more than on the foreign policy dimension. Analysing Weber's "ideas of 1918" – opposed to the so-called "ideas of 1914" – this paper focuses on three aspects: (1) nation and citizenship, (2) Prussia, (3) German tradition, history and political culture. ; Questo articolo tratta delle idee di Max Weber su una «pace di successo», da lui esposte durante la Prima guerra mondiale. Per Weber, una pace di successo dipendeva essenzialmente da importanti riforme inter-ne e da una riorganizzazione fondamentale del Reich tedesco, più che dalla dimensione della politica estera. Analizzando le "idee del 1918" di Weber – in contrapposizione alle cosiddette "idee del 1914" – questo contributo si concentra su tre aspetti: (1) nazione e cittadinanza, (2) Prussia, (3) tradizione, storia e cultura politica tedesca.

The aim of this article is to analyze the effects of the implementation of additive technologies in the business models of manufacturing companies. In summary, additive technologies influence all the business model components, producing destructive effects on the linear models, with the generation of technology platform-based business models. The value creating logic of the focal enterprise changes and becomes value co-creation with the end user, whose role is no longer limited to the co-configuration of the modular product or to codistribution. This article also discusses about the roles that customer and focal company are going likely to play in business ecosystems in the immediate future, and the relationship between co-creation with the customer and open innovation with customer. The synthesis reached is consistent with the scenario that is emerging with the democratization of digital technologies that seems to suggest new solutions for the division of labor between producers and customers

Strategic planning responds in a sustainable manner to the requests coming from the territory and from the settled community. The work presented here is inspired by the processes of democratization and concertation that represent, in fact, the innovative character of planning as a whole. What is presented can be understood as a best practice carried out on the territory of the area to the right of the river Crati in the province of Cosenza and represents an applied experience of participation from below, between the public and private stakeholders, in the awareness of having triggered endogenous processes of sustainable development. The Kratos strategic plan becomes not only a substantial link for transnational development scenarios, but above all an example of self-sufficient self-governance, demonstrating that it has the capacity to manage its territory, through the awareness of its local potential and the ability to intervene in the phases successive territorial planning. DOI: http://dx.medra.org/10.19254/LaborEst.17.04

In questo lavoro di ricerca si è tentato di rispondere alla domanda se la teoria dell'universalità di certi diritti come quelli riguardanti i vulnerabili, in particolare le minoranze, donne e bambini, possa essere estesa anche a Paesi di fede musulmana che, al contrario, insistono sulla specificità culturale. È il caso della Tunisia che si è scelto di studiare in virtù del suo passato ricco di civilizzazioni e del nuovo processo di democratizzazione in corso, senza trascurare l'importanza della sua adesione a interessanti accordi internazionali come il Patto di Barcellona. Si è quindi compreso che l'ostacolo alla protezione di certi diritti non può essere attribuito solo alla religione poiché, anche se le diverse confessioni non esistessero, non sarebbe ugualmente facile garantire il rispetto incondizionato dei diritti dei vulnerabili, in particolare di quelle minoranze come gli handicappati e gli omosessuali, che non possono mai diventare, né diventeranno, una maggioranza. Al fine di ridurre e / o risolvere queste forti disparità relative a qualsivoglia ordinamento giuridico, compreso quello del Paese studiato, sarà necessario rendere la libertà di coscienza un principio generale ed efficace erga omnes e assicurare che la società civile sia rafforzata e sensibilizzata verso la tutela dei diritti fondamentali. Ciò dovrà avvenire non solo a livello locale ma universale, attraverso un dialogo tra maggioranze e minoranze, nel segno della vera democrazia, superando l'ostilità delle élites politiche che, il più delle volte, dietro le varie dichiarazioni di principio calpestano i diritti umani per scopi economici. ; The aim of this work is to answer the research question of whether the theory of universality of certain rights such as those concerning the vulnerable, in particular minorities, women and children, can also be extended to muslim countries, which still insist on cultural specificity instead. Consequently, we decided to study the case of Tunisia, because of both its past full of different civilizations, and ...

Considering the current diffusion of blockchain technology in the most different fields, ranging from public governance to economics, from contractual applications to health, the contribution addresses the issue of the legal regulation of this new technology, precisely because of its vast applications. From the comparison between the European model and the American one, the approach of the European legislator ‒ despite the delay with which the institutions have addressed the issue, seems to show, as already happened in other areas, a more 'social oriented' perspective and based on a sort of 'democratization' of data compared to the American approach, more 'business oriented', where the scholars have already had the opportunity to investigate this issue, especially in the field of corporate law. Aware of the complexity of the phenomenon at issue, due to its intrinsic dynamism, the intention is to highlight the opportunity to adopt a method known as "regulatory sandbox", to adequately interpret the naturally transnational character of the subject under analysis.

Nell'Italia degli anni '70 matura un pensiero critico che sviluppa nuove epistemologie di ricerca e propone nuovi schemi per l'azione territoriale. Si caratterizza per un approccio interdisciplinare, integrato alle questioni ambientali e aperto alla democratizzazione dei processi conoscitivi: contrastato già negli anni '80, offre spunti di estrema attualità per affrontare la pretesa "crisi" climatica che oggi ci investe. L'articolo ne traccia una possibile genealogia nel pensiero del fisico Marcello Cini e nell'attività di piano dell'urbanista Italo Insolera, alla luce delle considerazioni di Pierre Bourdieu sull'emancipazione dai saperi dominanti. In Italy, along the 1970s, a critical conceptual frame, arising from an interdisciplinary approach, integrated with environmental issues and engaged for the democratization of cognitive processes, figures out new epistemological perspectives of scientific research and new schemes for land management. Soon counteracted in the 1980s, it offers today significant topics to face the so-called "Climate Crisis" affecting our times. The article focuses the eventual paths of its genealogy, addressing the theory of the physicist Marcello Cini and the spatial planning activity of the planner Italo Insolera, in the light of Pierre Bourdieu's considerations on the emancipatory processes from dominant knowledge.