Suchergebnisse

Under the above title, Dr. Francois Farah, of the Lebanese University, gave a lecture in which he made use of statistics showing certain anomalies in the Lebanese "age pyramid".

Abstract.  We use data from a 1992 national fertility survey to analyze China's changing demographic patterns between 1970 and 1989, covering marriage, childbearing, fertility and the gender composition of children. The analysis focuses on the relationship between population control policies and the behavior of successive marriage cohorts. Adopting a regression approach, we characterize a set of stylized demographic features in China over the two decades, including new results on women's average age at first marriage and first births, number of children per couple, and sex ratios among children. China's changing demographic patterns differed significantly among urban, township and rural populations.

This study evaluated the impact of demographic structure on Nigeria's economic growth over the period between 1981 and 2016. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework and granger causality test, this study confirms the existence of a long-run relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The results showed that aged population has a negative impact on economic growth while children population and labour force stimulate growth of the Nigerian economy thereby supporting the existence of the demographic dividend hypothesis. On the other hand, whereas a bidirectional relationship exists between aged population and economic growth in Nigeria and a unidirectional causality runs from children population and labour force to real GDP, economic growth engenders gross fixed capital formation (investment) and school enrolment. Hence, this study concludes that aged population, children population, labour force, gross fixed capital formation and secondary school enrolment constitute important determinants of economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, this study recommends that the Nigerian government provide incentives and platforms which will encourage old people to engage in productive activities and to continually develop human capital of the children and labour force as it would increase the effectiveness of labour and have growth-enhancing effects on the Nigerian economy.

THE AUTHOR STUDIES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND THE LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT SPENDING ON EDUCATION IN GRADES K-12 IN THE UNITED STATES. PANEL DATA FOR THE STATE GOVERNMENTS FROM 1960 TO 1990 SUGGESTS THAT AN INCREASE IN THE FRACTION OF ELDERLY RESIDENTS IN A JURISDICTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN PER-CHILD EDUCATIONAL SPENDING. THIS REDUCTION IS PARTICULARLY LARGE WHEN THE ELDERLY RESIDENTS AND THE SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION ARE FROM DIFFERENT RACIAL GROUPS. VARIATIONS IN THE SIZE OF THE SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION DOES NOT RESULT IN PROPORTIONATE CHANGES IN EDUCATION SPENDING; THUS, STUDENTS IN STATES WITH LARGER SCHOOL-AGE POPULATIONS RECEIVE LOWER PER-STUDENT SPENDING THAN THOSE IN STATES WITH SMALLER NUMBERS OF POTENTIAL STUDENTS. THESE RESULTS SUPPORT MODELS OF GENERATIONAL COMPETITION IN THE ALLOCATION OF PUBLIC SECTOR RESOURCES. THEY ALSO SUGGEST THAT THE EFFECT OF COHORT SIZE ON GOVERNMENT-MEDIATED TRANSFERS MUST BE CONSIDERED IN ANALYZING HOW COHORT SIZE AFFECTS ECONOMIC WELL-BEING.