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The foregoing article retraces a controversy over various aspects of totemism that went on for years between English anthropologist Andrew Lang and French sociologist Emile Durkheim. The object is to reconstitute their main arguments and underscore the seminal importance of the book reviews in Durkheim's journal Annee sociologique, in which 5,000 reviews by 50 scholars were published annually from 1898 to 1913 (12 volumes all told). The controversy with Lang demonstrated Durkheim's ability to debate with a number of his peers in France and abroad, and it established his international reputation in academic circles. Adapted from the source document.

Several major political demonstrations that turned violent are examined (Kosygin's 1971 visit to Canada, the 1970 demonstration following the Kent State U shootings, the 1968 Montreal, Quebec, demonstrations on John the Baptist Day, & the 1967 Yorkville protests in Toronto, Ontario), with emphasis on group organization, political status, objectives, & style of action, & on the action of the police forces. After examining how these factors combined to affect the dynamics of the collective action process in each of the incidents, seven hypotheses charting the relationships between factors are presented: (1) strong & organized groups have a better chance of being recognized by the authorities as legitimate grievance-bearers; (2) such groups are more likely to engage in disciplined action; (3) the more socially accepted the protest group, the more likely it is to pursue a broadly acceptable goal; (4) groups with acceptable protest goals tend to employ more legal means in dramatizing their grievances; (5) such groups are subjected to relatively little repression; (6) groups with limited objectives are less repressed than those with more generalized ones; & (7) groups engaging in disciplined action are repressed less than those that degenerate into disorder. 1 Graph. Modified HA.

Vorgehensweise der Opposition während der Herrschaft des Schahs (Demonstrationen und Märtyrer) und die Mobilisierung der Volksmassen unter der gegenwärtigen Herrschaft auf den ersten Blick identisch; bei genauer Analyse aber deutliche Unterschiede: gegenüber der früheren Spontaneität der demonstrierenden Massen heute staatlich organisierte Demonstrationen

Compares the policies of France and Germany towards China since suppression of demonstrations by the students' movement in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, in 1989; focus on the shift from policies based on the desire to protect human rights to policies based mainly on economic concerns. Summary in English p. 182-3.

Soudan, François: Crise irakienne: des Maghrébins résignés. - S. 83. Lahrech, Mouna: Maroc: comme un seul homme. - S. 84-85. Gharbi, Samir: Kaddafi s'en lave les mains. - S. 84. Kéfi, Ridha: Tunisie: solidarité mesurée. - S. 85-86. Soudan, François: Poussée de fièvre à Nouakchott. - S. 86. Ouazani, Cherif: Algérie: au nom de l'ordre public! - S. 86-87. Klibi, Chedli: Deux pommes de discorde. - S. 89