Yazan Aljohani,1 Mohammed Almutadares,1 Khalid Alfaifi,1 Mona El Madhoun,1 Maysoon H Albahiti,2 Nadia Al-Hazmi3 1Internship Program, Faculty of dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, 2Department of Endodontics, King Abdulaziz University, 3Department of Oral Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Background: Uniform-related infection control practices are sometimes overlooked and underemphasized. In Saudi Arabia, personal protective equipment must meet global standards for infection control, but the country's Islamic legislature also needs to be taken into account. Aim: To assess uniform-related infection control practices of a group of dental students in a dental school in Saudi Arabia and compare the results with existing literature related to cross-contamination through uniforms in the dental field. Method: A questionnaire was formulated and distributed to dental students at King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, which queried the students about their uniform-related infection control practices and their methods and frequency of laundering and sanitizing their uniforms, footwear, and name tags. Results: There is a significant difference between genders with regard to daily uniform habits. The frequency of uniform washing was below the standard and almost 30% of students were not aware of how their uniforms are washed. Added to this, there is no consensus on a unified uniform for male and female students. Conclusion: Information on preventing cross-contamination through wearing uniforms must be supplied, reinforced, and emphasized while taking into consideration the cultural needs of the Saudi society. Keywords: cross-contamination, infection control, dental students, uniforms
Background: infectious disease is one major important health issue. Dental technician is an occupation which has a risk to get infectious disease transmitted from saliva, blood or contaminated tools if universal precaution utensils did not use properly. Infection can be transferred through dental impression from surface contact, handpiece, burs, pumice, aerosol etc. Purpose: This study aim to find out desinfection implementation in dental laboratories located in East Java as a preventive and controlling action towards cross infection. Method: Data were obtained through questionnaire, the questionnaires were designed to get the information related to infection control from dental laboratories in East Java. The survey was conducted in 36 dental laboratories listed by Association of Dental Technician in East Java. Result: As much as 90% dental laboratories did not performed desinfection procedure to the dental impression received from dentist and never follow any desinfection training. AS much as 95% Dental laboratories believe universal precaution utensils can be infected but only 50% utilize universal precaution utensils. Eventhough if such infection occurs, the owner will be fully responsible. Conclusion: Prevention and management towards cross infection control in dental laboratories located in East Java still very low. Development and supervision towards dental laboratories operational by Indonesian government and professional association need to be improved. Education regarding infection control need to be performed through trainings and inserted infection control matters in dental technician study programme curriculum in Indonesia.
Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunist that causes systemic infections and dental infections in the human being body. This organism increases its resistance to many categories of antibiotics all day and turn out to be more resistant, and this led to a growing feeling of concern in this era. Given this fact, the aims of this study were to determine the frequency of S. aureus in oral infections and to determine the prevalence of MRSA strains and the sensitivity of isolated S. aureus to antibiotics, in patients who attended dental clinics in major public hospitals and private clinics in the city of Sana'a-Yemen. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted for a year, early in December 2018 and ending in November 2019. The study included 296 patients, 153 male and 143 female, ages 5 to 65, with an average age of 36.2 years. Demographic and clinical data were collected in questionnaire, then pus or oral swabs were collected from patients, cultivated, isolated and identified by standard laboratory techniques. MRSA was ascertained by means of the method of disc diffusion to 1µg of oxicillin disc and 5 µg of methacillin disc; an antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out by disc diffusion method of selected antibiotics.The oral infections include dental abscesses, periodontal abscesses, gingivitis, periodentitis, dental caries, pulpitis and oral thrush. Results: Of a total of 296 cultured pus and swabs, only 217 produced a positive culture (73.3%). Gram-positive bacteria formed 67.4% of the total isolates where S. aureus was the predominant pathogen (43.1%). The prevalence of MRSA was 23.5%. There was a higher rate of antibiotic resistance tested in MRSA isolates compared to a lower rate of resistance in MSSA as well as 22.2% of MRSA isolates were vancomycin resistant, while only 11.4% of MSSA were vancomycin resistant. Conclusion: It can be concluded, S. aureus was the most widespread isolate in dental infections, high rate of MRSA, the appearance of S. aureus isolates resistant to vancomycin and other broad choice of antibiotics have raised MRSA in oral infections into a multi-drug-resistant, making it more and more hazardous in oral infections. Consistent assessment of oral associated infections and observing the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity and strict drug policy for antibiotics are recommended. Peer Review History: Received 16 March 2020; Revised 2 May; Accepted 12 May, Available online 15 May 2020 Academic Editor:Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest 'Advanced OPEN peer review' system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is 'to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript'. Our reviewers check the 'strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly'. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Mohamed Awad Mousnad,Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa (IUA), Khartoum, Sudan, m_abdalaziz@yahoo.com Dr. George Zhu,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com Similar Articles: PREVALENCE OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN SANA'A, YEMEN PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN AND RISK FACTORS OF MRSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS AMONG MILITARY PATIENTS AT 48 MEDICAL COMPOUND IN SANA'A CITY-YEMEN
ABSTRACTThe prevalence of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nursing home residents now averages 20–35%. This includes both numerous asymptomatic mostly unidentified carriers, and the occasional patient with an active infection. Among the most common sites for positive MRSA colonization are the nares and mouth (saliva). Ohio State University (OSU) dental students perform routine restorative dental care onsite in local nursing homes using portable equipment including handpieces that can generate aerosols. Using a series of cultured test swabs and plates, this pilot study suggests that protection for both dental health care personnel and patients are provided by the following: I. universal barrier precautions (for example, gloves, gowns, masks, hats, facial shields, glasses), 2. surface disinfectants, 3. pre‐op 0.12% chlorhexidene mouth rinses, 4. high volume evacuation, 5. perioral skin scrubs. Additional infection control methods, techniques and equipment were evaluated and compared including rubber dam isolation, hand excavation and bond technique, high‐speed air turbine and electric "high" speed handpiece. There was no indication of a special tendency or heightened ability of MRSA to aerosolize.
ABSTRACTTo determine the frequency of Enamel Development Defects (DDE) and associated factors in children and adolescents infected with HIV. A case‐control study was conducted in HIV‐infected patients (n = 52), aged 3 to 15, and a control group formed by preschool and schoolchildren (n = 104) matched according to gender, age and household income. Data on medical history, neonatal and maternal conditions were obtained. For diagnosis of enamel defects was used modified DDE Index. DDE frequency was 61.5% in the case group and 58.7% in the control group (p = 0.569). Infection of the genitourinary tract and maternal hemorrhage were factors associated with DDE in the case and control groups, respectively. An association was observed between the use of antiretroviral regimens with protease inhibitors or efavirenz and DDE in the permanent dentition. Children and adolescents HIV‐infected showed a DDE frequency similar to healthy patients, but factors associated with this condition were different between the groups.
Background: The potential for transmission of blood borne infections is highest during handling of needles and sharps. The factors which relate commonly to sharps injuries include the inadequate design or inappropriate placement of sharps disposal container, overfilling of sharps disposal container and inappropriate sharps disposal practices by the care provider during patient treatment. The present study was undertaken to assess the knowledge and practice of sharps use and disposal in dentists practising in government and private sectors and also to provide correct methods and procedure regarding sharp use and disposal to increase awareness.
This paper relates recent modes of dental practice to changes that the public and government are likely to ask the health care professions to make in the future. As usual they are asking for the best of all worlds. First, that we maintain the clinical model to the highest standards of personal dental care based and tested against the best research at our disposal, whilst we ensure there is no reduction in the high technical standards for which british dentists have a reputation. Second, that the profession is required to consider ways of providing care on the medicosocial model for the whole community at an economic level the country will afford. The broad changes in dental education have been reviewed, from the technical apprenticeship to the establishment of strong university departments in teaching hospitals. The importance of a sound biomedical foundation and of research both to education and the credibility of dental practice as a primary health care profession is stressed if the profession is to retain its position as a sister to medicine and not slide down to that of a technical ancillary.
State employees have two options for dental coverage. Dental Plus pays more and has higher premiums and lower out-of- pocket costs. Basic Dental pays less and has lower premiums and higher out-of-pocket costs. Changes to existing dental coverage can be made only during open enrollment in odd-numbered years.
This paper is a case report of a 10‐year‐old girl with focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) who presented for dental care. She displayed many of the well‐documented oral features associated with this syndrome. Additionally, she had taurodontism of a permanent mandibular molar. Although taurodontism affected only one tooth in this patient, the presentation of taurodontism with FDH has not been reported previously.
Dental caries is the major cause of tooth loss in elderly individuals with physical and mental disabilities. The diagnosis of caries in elderly individuals is difficult due to a complicated oral environment compounded by the prevalence of physical and mental barriers to care. The restoration of tooth structure and the replacement of teeth lost due to caries result in considerable economic and biological cost to both individuals and society. Decisions to remineralize, restore, or extract teeth depend largely upon the extent of the structural damage caused by the infection. Teeth with small lesions can be remineralized with fluorides, whereas teeth with large lesions may be restored or extracted. Caries risk assessment based on the history of previous infection, salivary parameters, and ingestion of sugar can be used as a basis for placing a patient on a caries‐preventive regimen. This paper discusses the patho‐physiology of caries to explain the appropriate diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental caries in elderly individuals with chronic disabilities.
AbstractParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a hematological disorder that affects hematopoietic stem cells. An association with other hematological diseases, such as hemolytic anemia and neutropenia, is observed with a high occurrence of aplastic anemia. The aim of the present study is to report a case of dental infection in a patient with PNH exhibiting exuberant gingival involvement. A 45‐year‐old male patient sought the Federal University of Ceara reporting severe toothache associated with tooth 24. Clinical examination revealed that the tooth was associated with an apparent fistula and a yellowish lesion with smooth surface located in the palate. The patient had interrupted the medication to control PNH. Blood transfusion was requested due to deficient hematological parameters. Tooth extraction and excisional biopsy were performed under antibiotic coverage. In the postoperative period, low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) was performed. Histopathological examination revealed connective tissue showing extensive necrotic areas, accumulation of basophilic material, numerous cyst‐like cavities, and degenerated cells. Histopathological findings were compatible with the initial clinical diagnosis of gingival necrosis. The patient evolved with febrile neutropenia, requiring hospitalization for 1 month. Improvement in the overall health was observed after the administration of antibiotics, eculizumab, and weekly LLLT at the biopsy site.
