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The article considers digitalization as a new general purpose technology and its impact on economic growth and economic policy in the world and Russia against the background of the so-called "productivity paradoxes" and economic shocks of 2020—2023. The importance of accelerating the growth of total factor productivity in Russia through the introduction of advanced digital technologies is shown. The world experience in assessing the impact of digital information and communication technologies on economic growth is briefly described, and an adapted methodology for assessing macroeconomic effects of economic policy, previously used by experts from the OECD and the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia at the level of country groups, is proposed and tested on a panel of Russian regions. The authors calculated the original series of contributions of labor, capital and total factor productivity to the GRP growth of Russian regions for the period 2011—2020. This makes possible to compare the benefits of digitalization and the rate of accumulation of digital capital in Russia and in other countries . The article discusses the desirable parameters of short-term macroeconomic stabilization tools and some aspects of developing the national innovation system.

Threats to economic security affect national security. The aim of the article is to present the economic security threats taking into account selected determinants of state functioning and economic policy. In shaping economic security, it is important to properly consider threats to this security. Various research methods were used in the work, including the method of critical analysis of the literature as well as the method of analysis and synthesis. Considering the issues of economic security, it is also worth analyzing the threat to this security. In theory and practice, different aspects and types of threats to economic security can be taken into account. Many economic and social indicators should be used in the identification and assessment process of economic security threats. Poland's security is affected by various economic threats, including those related to the international situation.

Tax policies are postulated to serve three principal functions: raise revenue, keep incumbent politicians in office, & redistribute income. Data from nineteen industrialized nations were used to attempt to identify determinants of policy choices regarding taxation. Few significant statistical relationships were found between standard political & economic indicators & taxation policy indicators. Such relationships as were found pointed to the importance of economic development in explaining redistributive tax patterns, while political factors were related to the desire of politicians to stay in office -- by making taxes invisible. 1 Table, 1 Figure. Modified HA.

Promoting certain kinds of gender equality -- such as promoting and supporting female participation in paid work or male engagement with unpaid care work -- is costly. Yet, there has been little examination in gender and policy research of the economic determinants of gendered policy change. In this article we investigate, using graphs and descriptive analysis derived from three data sets, whether the agenda-setting possibilities of feminist policy actors pushing for redistributive gender policy are constrained by economic conditions. Our hypotheses are that it is easier to get costly gender equality policies on the agenda, first, when the economy is growing and, second, when advocates utilise an economic case to frame their arguments. We find that gender equality policy agendas in the UK appear to follow periods of positive economic performance and that economic framing of gender equality policy is essential. Adapted from the source document.

Promoting certain kinds of gender equality—such as promoting and supporting female participation in paid work or male engagement with unpaid care work—is costly. Yet, there has been little examination in gender and policy research of the economic determinants of gendered policy change. In this article we investigate, using graphs and descriptive analysis derived from three data sets, whether the agenda-setting possibilities of feminist policy actors pushing for redistributive gender policy are constrained by economic conditions. Our hypotheses are that it is easier to get costly gender equality policies on the agenda, first, when the economy is growing and, second, when advocates utilise an economic case to frame their arguments. We find that gender equality policy agendas in the UK appear to follow periods of positive economic performance and that economic framing of gender equality policy is essential.

This paper studies monetary policy committee transparency (MPCT) based on a new index that measures central bankers' educational and professional backgrounds as disclosed through central bank websites. Based on a novel cross-sectional data set covering 75 central banks, we investigate the determinants of MPCT as well as its economic consequences. We find that past inflation, quality of institutional setup, and extent of Internet use in a country are important determinants of MPCT. MPCT has a robust and significantly negative impact on inflation variability, even after controlling for important macroeconomic variables and institutional transparency, as well as instrumenting MPCT in various ways.

Mestrado em Finanças ; Esta tese estuda os fatores que influenciam a detenção de casa através de um modelo logit que prevê se um indivíduo é proprietário de uma casa ou não com base nas suas caraterísticas. Este estudo é feito com base na Wave 6 do inquérito Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Assim, através da amostra de 46 003 inquiridos de toda a Europa, foram testados os vários determinantes sugeridos pela revisão bibliográfica e comparados com a mesma. Os resultados mostram que a localização geográfica, idade, género, número de filhos, estado civil, situação laboral, renda familiar, educação superior, anos de educação, orientação política e deter obrigações, ações, fundos de investimentos, contas bancárias, contas de poupança, conta reforma individual, e seguro de vida são fatores que influenciam a detenção de casa. Destes fatores, destacam-se a localização geográfica e, inesperadamente, a orientação política do indivíduo é um determinante da detenção de casa. Posteriormente, o modelo foi aplicado a quatro amostras diferentes constituídas pelos indivíduos da Europa do norte, sul, leste e ocidental. Os resultados mostram que os determinantes não são iguais em todas as regiões, nem mesmo considerando apenas países europeus. ; This thesis studies the determinants of homeownership using a logit model that predicts if an individual is homeowner or not based on their characteristics. To examine this the Wave 6 (2015) from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) is used. Using a sample of 46 003 respondents across all of Europe, the various determinants suggested by the literature review were tested and the results are compared with the literature. The results show that the following factors influence homeownership: geographic location, age, gender, number of children, marital status, job situation, household income, high education, years of education, political orientation and holding bonds, stocks, mutual funds, bank accounts, saving accounts, IRA and life insurance. The main determinant to homeownership is the respondent's geographical location and unexpectedly, political orientation is a determinant of homeownership. The model was also performed in four different samples constituted each with respondents from eastern, southern, northern and western Europe. The results obtained between them and the full sample test prove that the determinants of homeownership are not the same for every region, even considering only European countries. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The large and unsustainable deficits of the early 1980s have reemerged in recent years. This paper aims to answer two questions: What has caused the poor fiscal performance of the Philippines in recent years? Is it the result of unfortunate events, macroeconomic shocks or misdirected fiscal policy? Using time series data and 2SLS estimation method, two measures of public deficits - the national government account balance (NGAB) and the consolidated public sector financial position (CPSFP) - were regressed against some macroeconomic and fiscal variables. An important result of the empirical work is that the broader measure, CPSFP, turned out to be the more useful and meaningful one both from the theoretical and policy standpoints. The statistically significant determinants of CPFSP are the following: economic growth rate, inflation, domestic liquidity, capital expenditure, intergovernmental fiscal transfer, and tax effort. Using the narrow deficit concept of NGAB as dependent variable, economic rate and intergovernmental fiscal transfer turned out to be statistically insignificant. Tax effort, defined as taxes as percent of GDP, is the most robust determinant of fiscal deficits, with higher tax effort associated with larger fiscal surplus or lower deficit. But tax effort was largely determined by two episodes to tax changes during the period under study. The contribution of the 1986 tax reform to tax effort is positive and highly significant while that of the 1997 tax reform is negatively and statistically significant. Looking forward, any package of reforms which aim to achieve fiscal sustainability in the Philippines should include a strong component for improving revenue effort. Such component should not only aim to correct existing weaknesses in the current tax system (such as, for example, the narrow tax base owing to the proliferation of fiscal incentives laws) but also improve tax administration.