Suchergebnisse

The key change in demographics will soon be the ageing of populations -- a change that will affect both developed and developing countries. The ageing of populations will have a series of internal impacts on developed countries. The financing of social systems and budget arbitrage will be affected, as will the leanings of the electorate. This change in demographics will also modify power relationships between nations as their populations age prematurely, preventing them from reaping the benefits of their development. Adapted from the source document.

Although commercial relations between Vietnam and Insulinde go back to the remote past, the Vietnamese have shown very little curiosity about their Southern neighbours ; this explains why travel accounts are so scarce. Here we intend to reflect on the reports and travel impressions written by demoted civil servants who were sent to the Hạ châu or " Southern Countries" to redeem their faults when the Nguyễn court became interested in obtaining reports on the conditions and views of the European based in Bengal, the Straits, Java, and Luzon. The original versions of these reports have apparently not survived, but several copies are kept in various public libraries in Hanoi. The first was Lý Văn Phức (1785-1849) demoted in 1829 and dispatched to Calcutta in early 1830 via Singapore, Malacca and Penang. He wrote three texts of which a record in prose and a brief account in verse and prose more or less arranged in chronological order have survived. Cao Bá Quát (1809-1854) who in 1844 accomplished a mission to Singapore and Batavia was apparently the last demoted civil servant sent to the Hạ châu (after the arrival of the French in Vietnam the Nguyễn court developed its relations with Hong Kong). He was the first to realise that the Europeans were a particular danger to the region. In order to perceive the political situation in the Malay world the emissaries had to rely on the Chinese merchants who shared the same culture and who were the only people with whom they could communicate at least by mean of the brush.

This paper examines prospective changes in employment associated with the expected expansion of trade in manufactured goods between the developed and developing countries over the next decade. It appears that, on balance, the developed countries would experience net employment creation as a result of this trade, and there would be only relatively small decline of employment in their import-substituting industries. In turn, the developing countries would gain employment through increased export that would further contribute to their economic growth, with favorable indirect effects on employment.

The development of under developed countries needs an initial investment which cannot be secured from local savings but only from the mother country. In early days of the 'colonial pact' this support was granted by the mother country in her own interest. But since the end of the war the road is open to private investments, although for basic equipment and social and scientific activities, the action of public bodies remains of primary importance. Local investment remains inferior to the effort deemed necessary. Voluntary saving is absent, and a general guidance of savings is required. Details are given of the different funds and services supervised by the mother country. (Author's abridged summary).