Suchergebnisse

This article analyses differences between scientific & technological co-operation & collaboration. International cooperation represents opportunities for partners, mainly strategic alliances. In North-South collaborations usually developed countries define the project/program & become the sole owner of the results. Opportunities & risks for countries such as Brazil are to recognize these differences. Tables. Adapted from the source document.

This paper deals with the international banks' adjustment process to the external debt of the less developed countries. It starts with an overview of the American banks' financial situation during the eighties and concludes that, after Brazil's default in 1987, banks are willing to strengthen their capital structure, but still have risks to face

This paper argues that the establishment of a safeguards code is one of the basic issues to be faced by the present GATT round of negotiations. It analyses the operation of the antidumping and subsidies codes during the eighties, with emphasis upon the impacts of the actions taken by other countries against Brazilian exports, and reveals the interplay of these codes with other instruments of protection used by developed countries

This article analyzes developing countries performance at the World Trade Organization (WTO) accordingly to two aspects: developing country coalitions and developing country participation in the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). The authors conclude that developing countries use institutional mechanisms as their main strategy in order to increase their capacity relatively to developed countries. Thus, developing countries have worked within the existing trade structure in order to try to adapt it to their interests. Developing countries have managed to create and maintain coalitions at the WTO, despite their economic and political diversity. As regards their participation in the DSB, although the number of panels opened by developing countries has increased, it is still concentrated in a small group of developing countries, mainly Brazil and India. Adapted from the source document.

This paper presents Latin American & Asian perspectives on the biofuels emerging industry. The Brazilian's possibilities of participation on this industry evolution & the involvement on the world trade for ethanol & biodiesel are discussed. Also, an investigation about who will be the main "strategic" partners of Brazil in this sector is made: the huge consumer markets of developed countries or the emerging & also hungry consumers of energy Asian economies? Tables, Graphs. Adapted from the source document.

The liberalization of agricultural markets proved to be one of the most sensitive points in the Uruguay Round negotiations. The contrasting interests of developing and developed countries often give rise to dissensions and deadlocks. Nevertheless, the issue carries great importance within the context of the integration of the Americas, especially with the advent of the FTAA. Unlike what happens at the WTO, trade of agricultural products should gain priority status in the process of negotiations of the FTAA. (Polit Externa/DÜI)

The linkage between the Portuguese economy & the 2007 international crisis -- which has been named as Great Depression -- is not clear. The major problem of the Portuguese economy is not born in recent years, since the beginning of the 21st century that we assist to the lower development rates, which has contributing to deepener the gap with the developed countries. In this article we will examine the outcomes of the Portuguese economy evolution that extrapolate the economic sphere, reaching the European Union project & the Portuguese insertion on it. Adapted from the source document.

After a review of the concept of economic growth as a historical process beginning with the capitalist revolution and the formation of the modern national states, the author claims that growth is almost invariably the outcome of a national development strategy. Effective economic development occurs historically when the different social classes are able to cooperate and formulate an effective stretegy to promote growth and face international competition. It follows a discussion of the main characteristics and of the basic tensions that such strategies face in the central countries which first developed, and in the underdeveloped countries, which, besides their domestic problems, confront major challenges in their relations with the rich countries. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)

The work of Maria Isaura Pereira de Queiroz has been influential in the understanding of social change in Brazil. Her analyses of the modifications, persistence, adaptations and resistance that have flourished in many spheres of social life provide elements for a reading of the social-anthropological singularities of current change processes that have gone on in the country since the 1950s. Based on an analysis in which the microsociological and macrosociological aspects are combined, she has not only drawn a sociological profile of some environments (rural neighbourhoods, for example), but also developed an approach that shows how Brazilian society has changed under increasing urbanization and industrialization - processes which create interactions, practices and specific contexts that are unique to Brazil and do not merely mirror the trajectory followed by other nations.

Revisionism of relations with the United States and its variables in progressive governments in South America. This paper Identifies and analyzes the different types of revisionist politics, and its levels, developed by progressive governments in South America toward the United States over the past 13 years. For such, it uses as starting points concepts that are fundamental for better understanding the behavior of South American countries in relation with the great power: 'peripheral revisionism,' by Cesar Guimaraes, and 'autonomous confrontation' and 'antagonistic confrontation,' both by Hello Jaguarlbe. From the developments of these concepts, a theoretical model was developed with different types of peripheral revisionisms, which allowed for fine-tuning the classifications of foreign policies in the period. Adapted from the source document.

Considering the first decade of the 21st century, Brazil's foreign policy has been undergoing a significant evolution characterized by an assertive international stance & power projection, promoting an update & enlargement of strategic partnerships with developed & emerging countries. The aim of this paper is to analyze the main tenets of this agenda & the potentials linked to these efforts of horizontal & vertical bi & multilateral cooperation. References. Adapted from the source document.

The development of an Area of Freedom, Security and Justice within the European Union requires a comprehensive strategy that covers not only its internal aspects, but also an external dimension, allowing the EU to deal with threats, at its source, and through strategic partnerships with third countries. In the first part of this article, we briefly analyze how the JHA external dimension has been developed and established itself as a determining policy on the European agenda. In the second part, we demonstrate this external dimension in greater detail through the European migration policy, and how it is possible to obtain within this external action benefits for all stakeholders. Adapted from the source document.

This study aims to analyze the Popular Education, highlighting its importance in the social, political and
economic reality of our society, and also, seek to establish relations regarding its importance for providing tools for
excluded people to express themselves. The theme of this reflection is very relevant in face of the Latin American
countries situation, where conquests, most often, happened and happen through struggles of the popular classes
organized in social movements. Reflections will also be made starting from a survey made on "1º of May Settlement",
in Curitibanos city (SC, Brazil). In this place live people from several towns, from the rural environment of Curitibanos
and region. To achieve this aim, it was outlined the following specific objectives: to characterize conceptually popular
education; historicize the process of formation of "1º of May Settlement" of Curitibanos; describe the project of
Popular Education, establishing relationships with the process of effective community participation of the reported
Settlement. This work also proposes to demystify the reality of the settlements, bringing the educational experience
developed in the Settlement to reflections. As for the objectives, the research is classified as exploratory. Regarding the
procedures for data collection, it is characterizes as a field literature review, and case study. As tools and techniques for
collecting data it was used interviews and field diary. It is expected, with this study, to map the theoretical and
methodological referentials of popular education developed by the Landless Workers Movement of Brazil.