Suchergebnisse

Background
The purpose of this study was to examine to investigate the motivations behind philanthropic actions among diaspora respondents and gain insights into the areas where the diaspora community channels their donation.
Methods
The study employed a quantitative research method, collecting primary data from 291 return migrants and migrants on vacation in Malappuram district, Kerala. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to gather quantitative data. Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the percentage distribution of philanthropic motives and areas of donation. Cross-tabulations were conducted to explore the relationship between motives for donation and the areas of philanthropic donation based on respondents' background characteristics.
Result
The study revealed that spiritual and religious motivation, cultural and community affiliation, ethical response, and seriousness of the problem were the major motives inspiring philanthropic activities. Religious and cultural affiliation were higher among older age groups, individuals with lower educational attainment, and those employed in unskilled sectors. Healthcare and medical services, house construction and rehabilitation, education, poverty alleviation, and social welfare activities were the primary areas where the diaspora allocated their resources. Bivariate analysis showed that donors in the below-45 age group had a significantly higher percentage of donations towards education, while those in the above-45 group significantly allocated a higher proportion than their counterparts to religious and social welfare initiatives.
Conclusion
This study identified diverse motives for philanthropy, with religious and cultural affiliation being prominent. Donations were primarily directed towards healthcare, housing, education, poverty alleviation, and social welfare. The significance of the health sector as a recipient of philanthropic support was evident. These findings emphasize the importance of developing a policy framework that recognizes and supports the different motives and areas of philanthropic giving.

Aus Österreich sind - im europäischen Vergleich und gemessen an der Einwohnerzahl - überdurchschnittlich viele Foreign Fighter in die Konfliktgebiete nach Syrien und in den Irak ausgereist. Der Radikalisierungsprozess dieser Foreign Fighter verläuft auf der sozio-psychologischen Ebene ähnlich wie der Radikalisierungsprozess bei anderen Formen des Extremismus; ein wesentlicher, begünstigender Faktor ist dabei immer das Vorhandensein sozialer Netzwerke. Aufgrund der Vielfalt möglicher Verbindungen auf der Identitäts- und Affektivebene, scheinen Diasporaverbindungen in diesen Netzwerken auch eine Rolle zu spielen. Diese Erkenntnis sollte jedoch nicht in Risikofaktoren übersetzt, oder zu einer Ursache erklärt werden, da dies nicht nur wenig hilfreich bei der Erklärung des Phänomens ist, sondern auch Communities stigmatisiert. In diesem Arbeitspapier untersuchen wir die Diasporaaspekte von Radikalisierungsprozessen in Österreich, mit besonderem Fokus auf Foreign Fighter. Wir formulieren Hypothesen auf Basis von ersten Erkenntnissen aus Interviews mit Foreign Fightern und Praktikern aus den Bereichen Prävention und Deradikalisierung. Wir zeigen, dass sich die salafistisch-jihadistische Szene in Österreich schon vor Ausbruch des Syrien-Konflikts vernetzte, und Kontakte ins Ausland schon früh eine wichtige Rolle spielten. Außerdem wird auf individuelle Motive von Foreign Fighter aus Diaspora-Communities eingegangen und Besonderheiten aufgezeigt. Schließlich wird dargelegt, wie beendete bzw. andauernde Konflikte in den Herkunftsländern einiger Foreign Fighter aus Österreich diesen Entscheidungsprozess beeinflussten.

During the past decade, few scholars have been seeking to establish viable theoretical connections between diaspora politics and international relations theory. Reaching to classic IR paradigms, Shain and Barth argued that constructivism can account for the diasporic identities, motives and preferences, and liberalism for their actions once preferences are settled. This contribution does not aspire to solve this major challenge. It only offers a step further into a better understanding of how the autonomy of agents within diasporas and their positionality in different states and/or international organizations influence the interactions between diasporas and states in international politics. I argue that regardless of how strongly original homelands aspire to govern their populations abroad, powerful diaspora individuals, institutions, and networks enjoy a relative autonomy vis-a-vis their homeland. Adapted from the source document.

This article intends to contribute to further research on cross-border phenomenon in nonprofit and philanthropic studies by developing a conceptual model for diaspora philanthropy, the transfer of resources such as money, time, labor, and knowledge to countries of origin for the public good. The interdisciplinary opportunities for the topic of diaspora philanthropy can be considered a strength, but at times, they result in disparate studies and minimal consideration for larger questions and theory development. In this article, we hope to aggregate relevant research in order to remedy some of these challenges. An interdisciplinary approach allows us to chart macro, meso, and micro theories and empirical work that help to explain diaspora philanthropy. We ask: What are the (global) drivers that influence diaspora philanthropy (macro level)? What are the channels that allow for, or challenge, diaspora philanthropy (meso level)? And what are the individual motives of diaspora philanthropists (micro level)?

'Seit der Unabhängigkeit der baltischen Staaten 1991 steht die Frage der russischen Diaspora im Mittelpunkt der Aufmerksamkeit. Die Gründe dafür reichen von den Moskauer Versuchen, sich über die Russischsprachigen in die baltische Politik einzuschalten, über den Umfang der Minderheiten in Estland und Lettland bis zur moralischen und praktischen Abwägung zwischen baltischer Nationalstaatsbildung und Grundrechten der Einwanderer. Aus der baltisch-nationalen Innensicht ist die Konfrontation zwischen Titularnationen und Russischsprachigen ein ethnisch-zivilisatorischer Gegensatz a la Huntington. Die westlichen Stellungnahmen beschränken sich meist auf normative Politikberatung zur Minderheitengesetzgebung und deren Implementierung oder auf postmoderne Betrachtungen zur apodiktischen Identitätskrise der Diasporarussen oder Umfragen zu deren Integrationsfortschritten und Selbsteinschätzungen. Gemeinsames Defizit dieser Ansätze ist die Vernachlässigung der von der forcierten sowjetischen Modernisierungs- und Migrationspolitik verursachten Schnittstellen von national-kultureller Ethnizität und sozioökonomischer Prosperität. Die postkommunistische Transformation hat diese Asymmetrien zwischen Ethnizität und sozioökonomischer Prosperität (oft unter umgekehrten Vorzeichen) noch verstärkt. Zu einer Identifikation und Analyse dieser Schnittstellen gehören zwei Aspekte: eine Bestandsaufnahme des Politikbereiches, in dem die Diaspora disproportional vertreten ist, und eine Erörterung des für diese Schnittstelle relevanten Politikfeldes, in dem nationale und wirtschaftliche Motive um den Vorrang streiten. Kernpunkt ist der Teufelskreis aus vorhandenen Asymmetrien, Transformationspolitik und einer ethnopolitischen Deutung. Nach diesen beiden Aspekten lassen sich - zusätzlich zur eigentlichen Minderheitenpolitik - drei größere Politikbereiche als ethnopolitisch relevant identifizieren: Wirtschaftspolitik, Regionalpolitik und Sozialpolitik.' (Textauszug)

"Literary, cinematic and media representations of the disputed category of the 'South Asian Muslim' have undergone substantial change in the last few decades and particularly since the events of September 11, 2001. Here we find the first book-length critical analysis of these representations of Muslims from South Asia and its diaspora in literature, the media, culture, and cinema. Contributors contextualize these depictions against the burgeoning post-9/11 artistic interest in Islam, and also against cultural responses to earlier crises on the subcontinent such as Partition (1947), the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war and secession of Bangladesh, the 1992 Ayodhya riots, the 2002 Gujarat genocide, and the Kashmir conflict. Offering a comparative approach, the book explores connections between artists' generic experimentalism and their interpretations of life as Muslims in South Asia and its diaspora, exploring literary and popular fiction, memoir, poetry, news media, and film. The collection highlights the diversity of representations of Muslims and the range of approaches to questions of Muslim religious and cultural identity, as well as secular discourse. Essays by leading scholars in the field highlight the significant role that literature, film, and other cultural products such as music can play in opening up space for complex reflections on Muslim identities and cultures, and how such imaginative cultural forms can enable us to rethink secularism and religion. Surveying a broad range of up-to-date writing and cultural production, this concise and pioneering critical analysis of representations of South Asian Muslims will be of interest to students and academics of a variety of subjects, including Asian Studies, Literary Studies, Media Studies, Women's Studies, Contemporary Politics, Migration History, Film studies, and Cultural Studies"--

Introduction. Perspectives on gender and development in Africa and its diaspora / Akinloyè Òjó, Ibigbolade S. Aderibigbe, and Felisters Kiprono -- Women as sandwiches in the jaws of violence : a study of the impact of crisis on the female gender in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's novels / Augustine O. Evue -- Violence against women in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple hibiscus and Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo's Trafficked : an African feminist insight / Charles A. Bodunde (Ph. D) and Foluke R. Aliyu-Ibrahim -- Narrating the woes of women in war times : the examples of Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo's Roses and bullets and Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a yellow sun / Ezinwanyi E. Adam & Chinenye M. Egboh -- Female circumcision : inexpressiveness and loss in Julie Okoh's Edewede / Oludolapo Ojediran -- Gender and dramaturgy in Wale Ogunyemi's Queen Amina of Zazzau and Femi Osofisan's Women of Owu / Ojo Olorunleke -- Socio-cultural perception of sexist Yoruba proverbs and implications for peace and national cohesion / Adeniyi Kikelomo, Jegede Francis, and Adebanjo Mopelola -- Asunle cannot be a man : a gendered analysis of Yoruba praise names in Yorubaland and the diaspora / Akinloyè Òjó -- Gender equality, gender inequality or gender complementarity : insights from Igbo traditional culture / Dorothy Oluwagbemi-Jacob -- Gender and contesting phenomena (religion, culture, and ethnicity) : towards development in Africa and the African diaspora / Oyeronke Olademo -- Gender equality : a comparative narrative in African religious Christian and Islamic traditions / Adepeju Johson-Bashua -- Gender equality narratives in African cultural and religious beliefs : contents and discontents / Ibigbolade S. Aderibigbe -- Islamic law of inheritance : ultimate solution to social inequality against women in Yoruba land / Abdulmajeed Hassan Bello -- Not on this mat : a biographical sketch of marriage, labor, sex and gender relations in an African history / Ebenezer Ayesu -- Culture and development : indigenous structures, gender, and everyday life in colonial coastal southern Ghana / Kwaku Nti -- The challenge of gender : marginal participation of women in mathematics in Nigeria / Obale-Hundeyin Ayo. S -- Rural women farmers and food production in Ekiti-Kwara, Nigeria : motives and challenges of operation / Olawepo. R. A -- Female achievement in geography and planning in Lagos State University, Nigeria / Mohammad Olaitan Lawal -- Women and sport in Kenya / Janet Musimbi M'mbaha

Existing studies of Chinese diaspora policies have mostly focused on the evolution and content of these policies, which tend to be confined within the realm of domestic politics. Against the backdrop of China's increasing integration into the global economy, as well as its expanding interests abroad, this article goes beyond the existing frameworks in the studies of both domestic Chinese politics and diaspora relations by analyzing China's diaspora policies from the angle of transnational governance. Relying on policy documents, relevant data from institutions involved, and interviews and participatory observation at both central and provincial levels, the article argues that a state-centered approach in which the Chinese overseas are 'coopted' neglects how the engagement with transnational social actors, especially the new migrants, alters existing state structures and how the actions of Chinese overseas are driven by various motives and interests. (J Contemp China/GIGA)

Diaspora members feel a strong connection to their homeland. Their motivations for travel in the homeland range from visiting the homeland, relatives, and friends, searching for their "roots", attending important national and religious holidays, conferences and educational programmes to using health services, visiting tourist attractions and having a holiday. This research study aims to identify and analyse the personal motives of the Croatian diaspora residing in Canada for visiting and revisiting the homeland, their socio-demographic profile, travel characteristics, tourism experience and future travel intentions. The empirical research was conducted among members of the Croatian Canadian community. It is based on an online survey conducted from January to March 2022. The findings show that Croatian Canadians are an attractive market segment for diaspora tourism. The primary motives for travelling to Croatia are associated with visiting family and friends, visiting the homeland, and going on a beachside holiday. For the emigrant population, nostalgia/homesickness is the other crucial motive for travelling to Croatia, while for their descendants, it is sightseeing/visiting tourist attractions. Respondents born in Canada are more satisfied with tourism development than those born in Croatia. More than 80% of Croatian diaspora residing in Canada are definitely planning to visit or revisit their homeland in the future. The article provides new insights into the motivation and behaviour of Croatian Canadians as potential tourists visiting Croatia, which is insufficiently researched in tourism literature. It enables a better understanding of the unique characteristics and nature of the travels of diaspora members of two generational groups, which facilitates decision-makers to adapt to their needs. The study provides guidance for improved management of diaspora tourism.

The literature of the Korean diaspora of the former Soviet Union combines the national characteristics of the Korean culture of the metropolis, the Korean national mentality, and at the same time reflects the historical realities and difficult, sometimes tragic fates of all peoples of the USSR and post-Soviet period. In this respect, the evolution of the literature of the Korean diaspora, leading from the prose in Korean to the first settlers from Korea to Sakhalin, was shown, which later were deported by Stalin's decree to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The literature of the Korean diaspora in Kazakhstan goes through all stages of the development of Soviet literature – from anti-Stalin prose, romanticized thaw literature and "quiet" stagnation prose, to postmodern and feminist literature. Moreover, Confucianism and Christian motives, Buddhism and Taoism, shamanism and Russian traditional literary images, motives, and themes are organically intertwined in the work of Russian and Kazakhstani Koreans. However, crosscutting issue through all the work of Korean writers who find themselves outside their homeland, it is an appeal to national identity, attempts to acquiring, preserving or tragedy and the pain of loss.