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This book is a comprehensive treatment of the ancient prophetic phenomenon as it comes to us through biblical, Near Eastern, and Greek sources. Once a distinctly biblical concept, prophecy is today acknowledged as yet another form of divination and a phenomenon that can be found all over the ancient Eastern Mediterranean. Even Greek oracle, traditionally discussed separately from biblical and Mesopotamian prophecy, is essentially part of the same picture. The book gives an up-to-date presentation of textual sources, whether cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia, the Hebrew Bible, Greek inscriptions, or ancient historians, the number of which has increased substantially in recent times. In addition, the book includes comparative essays on topics such as prophetic ecstasy; temples as venues of prophetic performances; prophets and political rulers; and the prophets' gender which can be either male, female, or non-gendered. The book argues for a common category of ancient Eastern Mediterranean prophecy, even though the fragmentary and secondary nature of the sources allows only a restricted view to it. The ways prophetic divination manifests itself in ancient sources depend not only on the socio-religious position of the prophets but also on the genre and purpose of the sources. The book shows that, even though the view of the ancient prophetic landscape is restricted by the fragmentary and secondary nature of the sources, it is possible to reconstruct essential features of prophetic divination.

A multidisciplinary view on material text cultures / Markus Hilgert -- Defining collectives : materialising and recording the Sumerian workforce in the third dynasty of Ur / Agnès Garcia-Ventura -- A GIŠ on a tree : interactions between images and inscriptions on Neo-Assyrian monuments / Nathan Morello -- From voice to papyrus to wall : Verschriftung and Verschriftlichung in the Old Kingdom pyramid texts / Antonio J. Morales -- Family cult foundations in the Hellenistic age : family and sacred space in a private religious context / Sara Campanelli -- The Didyma inscription : between legislation and palaeography / Flavia Manservigi and Melania Mezzetti -- The symbolic repertoire of the Qur'anic board in Islamic Africa / Anastasia Grib.

El presente trabajo propone una lectura del Yambo 1 de Calímaco de Cirene (c. 320-244 a. C.) ligada a la imagen del poder real en Egipto bajo la égida de Ptolomeo II Filadelfo. En este sentido, nuestra hipótesis considera que en la parábola de la copa de Baticles -relato enmarcado dentro del poema-, el recorrido trazado por el viaje de la mítica copa ofrecida como premio al mejor de los Siete Sabios de la Antigüedad podría estar remedando un mapa geopolítico en el que se plasman las pretensiones de soberanía de la dinastía ptolemaica sobre distintas regiones de Licia, Caria y el surde Jonia; en particular, sobre la ciudad de Mileto y el santuario de Apolo en Dídima. Consideramos, finalmente, que la relevancia de Mileto y Dídima en Calímaco podría corresponderse con la importancia política de la ciudad y el santuario para la dinastíaptolemaica. ; The present paper aims at a reading of Callimachus of Cyrene's Iambus1 (c. 320-244 BC) linked to the image of real power in Egypt under the aegis of Ptolemy II Philadelphus. In this sense, our hypothesis considers that in the parable of Bathycles' cup –a framed narrative within the poem-, the route traced by the journey of the mythical cup offered as a prize to the best of the Seven Sages of ancient Greece could be mimicking a geopolitical map that embodies the claims of sovereignty of the Ptolemaic dynasty over different regions of Lycia, Caria and southern Ionia; in particular, over Miletus and the Apollo's temple at Didyma. We consider, finally, that the relevance of Miletus and Didyma in Callimachus could correspond to the political importance of the city and the sanctuary for the Ptolemaic dynasty. ; Fil: Carrizo, Sebastián Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina

Biscutella raphanifolia is a species distributed in N Algeria and Tunisia, characterized by the presence of large, lyrate basal leaves, amplexicaul cauline leaves, and paniculate-branched inflorescences. It has been traditionally considered the only perennial taxon from B. sect. Biscutella, lifespan being the strongest argument used to differentiate B. raphanifolia from other annual taxa such as B. algeriensis, B. confusa or B. didyma var. coriophora, with which it shares both morphological characters and distribution. Reevaluation of morphological characters in the light of phylogenetic trees from plastid (rpl32-trnL and trnV) and nuclear (ITS region) sequence data support a new circumscription of B. raphanifolia to include all those annual taxa. As a result, the new combination B. raphanifolia var. algeriensis is established, descriptions are provided for both varieties, and synonyms and lectotypes are indicated or designated for the names concerned. ; The FPU grant programme (M° de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Spanish Government) is kindly thanked for supporting Alicia Vicente. This research was partly supported by the I+D+i research project CGL2011-30140 from Dirección Gral, de Investigación, MICINN (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spanish Government), and the grants ACIE 13-08, ACIE 14-01 and PPI-2015 from the University of Alicante.

Özet
Çok eski uygarlıklardan beri var olan, kısaca meydana gelecek olayları birtakım yöntemlerle önceden bilmeye çalışma olarak adlandırabileceğimiz kehanete hemen hemen bütün uygarlıklar tarafından önem verilmiştir. Dünyanın başlangıcından bu yana geçmiş çoğumuz için önemli olmayıp, insanlığın en büyük merakı, geleceği bilme arzusu ve kehanetlerden haberdar olmak olmuştur. Yapılacak herhangi bir işin sonucunun nasıl olacağını önceden bilmek, bir insanın yazgısını öğrenmek, insanları tarih boyunca meşgul etmiştir.
Antik çağda kehanet, halkın en alt tabakasından, en üst tabakasına kadar herkes tarafından ilgi çekici ve inandırıcı olmuş, bilicilik mekânları kutsal mekânlar, bilicilik yapan kâhinlerde kutsal kişiler olarak toplum içinde saygı görmüşlerdir. İnsanlar yaşadıkları dönemin inanış biçimine uygun olarak faaliyette bulunan bilicilik merkezlerine sonsuz saygı göstermiş, maddi ve manevi şekilde bu mekânları desteklemişlerdir. Didyma, Klaros ve Delphoi antik dönemin en önemli kehanet merkezleriydi ve bu kentlerin yanında daha birçok kehanet merkezinin en önemli tanrısı da Apollon'du. Apollon aynı zamanda kehanet için en çok başvurulan tanrıydı. Yapılan eylemin bir tanrı ile bağdaştırılması ve dini ritüel haline getirilmesi ise bu mekânlara duyulan güveni ve saygıyı şüphesiz çok artırmıştır.
Günümüzde de geleceği öğrenmek ve gelecekten haber verme anlamına gelen kehanet, fal ve büyü gibi farklı vasıtalara müracaat etme arzusu devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada da kehanet, fal ve büyünün antik çağdan günümüze nasıl bir gelişim ve değişim göstererek yol aldığı kapsamlı olarak değerlendirilecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Apollon, Kehanet, Fal, Büyü

Abstract
Prophecies which exist from the ancient ages, shortly we name them trying to foresee the future by using several methods, was pritorized by almost every nation. Since the beginning of time past wasn't so important for most of us but the greatest curiosity of humanity was the desire of seeing the future and to be informed by the prophecies. To foresee the results of a work beforehand or to learn the destiny of a human kept people busy throughout the history.
In ancient ages prophecy was absorbing and convincing for almost everyone from the lowest class to the highest. Scienticism premises were known as sacred places and oracles who were interested in scienticism were known as holy people by the society. People, expediently to their way of belief within the era they live, showed enough respect to scienticism premises, which were in service, substantively and morally. Didyma, Klaros and Delphoi were the most important prophecy centers of the ancient age. Apollon, the God of prophecy, is the most important God of prophecy premises. Harmonizing the activity with a God and render it as a religious ritual, increased the trust and respect of the society to these premises without a doubt.
Today, the desire of appyling crafts such as prophecy, fortune-telling or magic, which means to learn the future or to inform people from the future events, continues. In this work, it will be evaluated extensively how a progress and alteration prophecy, fortune-telling or magic show coming form ancient ages to present.
Keywords: Apollon, prophecy, fortune-telling, magic

El análisis de Milet I 3.33, decreto aprobado por la asamblea de Mileto en 234/233 a.C., en el que se confiere la ciudadanía a numerosos individuos, identificables como mercenarios cretenses reclutados por la ciudad, permite demostrar el papel político del oráculo de Apolo en Dídima en la época helenística. En efecto el oráculo, estrechamente relacionado con Mileto, no sólo es un instrumento usado por la ciudad jonia para establecer relaciones con los soberanos helenísticos, especialmente con los Seléucidas, sino que es también a veces un instrumento implicado en el proceso de toma de decisiones que marca la política regional de Mileto y, al mismo tiempo, una autoridad capaz de encauzar las decisiones de la polis, ahí donde la concordia ciudadana esté en riesgo.The analysis of Milet I 3.33, decree of the Milesian assembly granting citizenship to Cretan immigrants, probably mercenaries, shows the political role of the oracle of Apollo at Didyma during the Hellenistic period. The oracle, closely linked to Miletos, is in fact useful in establishing and maintaining relations between the Ionian city and the Hellenistic dynasties, especially the Seleucids, but reflects at the same time the Milesian need to extend her influence in the neighbouring area, sometimes dealing with potentially complex civic matters.

Dans la première partie, S. Caneva discute la typologie des sources, entre littérature et inscriptions, en s'intéressant à la place occupée par la composition et le chant hymnique dans les initiatives des cités hellénistiques face à leurs grands bienfaiteurs. Une attention particulière est vouée aux activités rituelles plus fréquemment accompagnées par le chant poétique, à savoir la procession et le sacrifice. Après une réflexion méthodologique sur l'interaction entre initiatives civiques et royales dans la mise en forme de l'image politique et religieuse des souverains, le début du péan adressé à Séleucos à Érythrées offre à L. Lorenzon l'occasion de réexaminer, à travers les dossiers d'Ilion, Didymes, Aigai et Érythrées, le détail de la naissance d'une tradition idéologique destinée à une grande fortune : celle qui établit une association privilégiée entre les souverains séleucides et Apollon. Cette étude tend à réaffirmer l'identification du roi célébré à Érythrées avec Séleucos Ier Nikator, et en même temps de mettre mieux en valeur l'importance de l'initiative des cités dans les premières étapes du développement de cette tradition. ; Peer reviewed

Biscutella L. ser. Biscutella (= Biscutella ser. Lyratae Malin.) comprises mostly annual or short-lived perennial plants occurring in the Mediterranean basin and the Middle East, which exhibit some diagnostic floral features. Taxa in the series have considerable morphological plasticity, which is not well correlated with clear geographic or ecologic patterns. Traditional taxonomic accounts have focused on a number of vegetative and floral characters that have proved to be highly variable, a fact that contributed to taxonomic inflation mostly in northern Africa. A detailed study and re-evaluation of morphological characters, together with recent phylogenetic data based on concatenation of two plastid and one nuclear region sequence data, yielded the basis for a taxonomic reappraisal of the series. In this respect, a new comprehensive integrative taxonomic arrangement for Biscutella ser. Biscutella is presented in which 10 taxa are accepted, namely seven species and three additional varieties. The name B. eriocarpa DC. is reinterpreted and suggested to include the highest morphological variation found in northern Morocco. Its treatment here accepts two varieties, one of which is described as new (B. eriocarpa var. riphaea A. Vicente, M. Á. Alonso & M. B. Crespo). In addition, the circumscriptions of several species, such as B. boetica Boiss. & Reut., B. didyma L., B. lyrata L., and B. maritima Ten., are revisited. Nomenclatural types, synonymy, brief descriptions, cytogenetic data, conservation status, distribution maps, and identification keys are included for the accepted taxa, with seven lectotypes and one epitype being designated here. ; The FPU grant program (Mº de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Spanish Government) is kindly thanked for supporting A. V. This research was partly supported by the I+D+i research project CGL2011-30140 from Dirección General de Investigación, MICINN (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spanish Government), and the grants ACIE13–08, ACIE14–01, ACIE17–01, ACIE18–03, and PPI-2015 from the University of Alicante.

Many histories of Ancient Greece center their stories on Athens, but what would that history look like if they didn't? There is another way to tell this story, one that situates Greek history in terms of the relationships between smaller Greek cities and in contact with the wider Mediterranean. In this book, author Joshua P. Nudell offers a new history of the period from the Persian wars to wars that followed the death of Alexander the Great, from the perspective of Ionia. While recent scholarship has increasingly treated Greece through the lenses of regional, polis, and local interaction, there has not yet been a dedicated study of Classical Ionia. This book fills this clear gap in the literature while offering Ionia as a prism through which to better understand Classical Greece.

This book offers a clear and accessible narrative of the period between the Persian Wars and the wars of the early Hellenistic period, two nominal liberations of the region. The volume complements existing histories of Classical Greece. Close inspection reveals that the Ionians were active partners in the imperial endeavor, even as imperial competition constrained local decision-making and exacerbated local and regional tensions. At the same time, the book offers interventions on critical issues related to Ionia such as the Athenian conquest of Samos, rhetoric about the freedom of the Greeks, the relationship between Ionian temple construction and economic activity, the status of the Panionion, Ionian poleis and their relationship with local communities beyond the circle of the dodecapolis, and the importance of historical memory to our understanding of ancient Greece. The result is a picture of an Aegean world that is more complex and less beholden narratives that give primacy to the imperial actors at the expense of local developments.

40000 KM ZEPPELIN-KRIEGSFAHRTEN 40000 km Zeppelin-Kriegsfahrten ( - ) Einband ( - ) Titelseite ([III]) Impressum ([IV]) Inhaltsverzeichnis ([V]) Verzeichnis der Abbildungen ([VII]) Vorwort ([IX]) Erstes Kapitel SL X in Bulgarien ([1]) [3 Abb]: (1)Führergondel. Links Höhensteuer, Mitte Seitsteuer, rechts Maschinentelegraph (2)Funkenstation an Bord des Luftschiffes (3)Atemgerät ( - ) [4 Abb]: (1)Vor der Höhenwindmessung mit Gummiballon (2)Drachenaufstieg (oben: der Marvinaapparat) (3)Vor der Höhenwindmessung mit Papierballon (Türkische Wetterwarte) (4)Verschiedene Drachentypen ( - ) Zweites Kapitel Der Luftschiffhafen Jambol ([11]) [2 Abb.]: Ortsbestimmung des Luftschiffes während der Fahrt durch drahtlose Telegrafie. (1)Die Landstationen als Richtempfangsanlagen. (2)Die Landstationen als Sendanlagen ([14]) [Abb.]: LZ 101 ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Luftschiffhafen Jambol: Baracken, reechts Funkenmast (2)Luftschiffhafen Jambol vom Luftschiff aus ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Budapest: Parlament und Donau (2)Sofia: Kyrill- und Methodi-Cathedrale ( - ) [Abb.]: "Trajans Tor", zu Füßen die schäumende Maritza ( - ) Drittes Kapitel Die Fahrten des SL X ([25]) Viertes Kapitel LZ 101 ([32]) [2 Abb.]: (1)Schipkapaß von Norden (2)Schipkapaß von Süden. Kloster und Dorf Schipka ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Maschinengewehr oben auf der Plattform des Luftschiffs. LZ 101 (2)Die "Blauen Steine" bei Sliven ( - ) [Abb.]: Bukarest ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Schiff klar zur Abfahrt (2)Der türkische Flugplatz St. Stefano bei Konstantinopel ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Über Stambul (2)U-Bootssperre im Bospurus ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Konstantinopel: Fati-Moschee (2)Kontantinopel: Goldenes Horn mit der alten Brücke ( - ) Fünftes Kapitel Das Marine-Luftschiff L59, seine mißglückte erste Afrikafahrt ([47]) [Abb.]: Stambul Kriegsministerium mit Luftschiffschatten. Suleiman-Moschee und "Goldenes Horn" mit "alter Brücke" ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Hauptbahnhof Haidar Pascha. Endpunkt der Anatolischen und Bagdad-Bahn (2)Neue Galata-Brücke über dem "Goldenen Horn" ( - ) [Tabelle]: Die Ladung ergab folgendes Bild: (50) [2 Abb.]: Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe "Goeben" und "Breslau" im Hafen von Stenia am Bospurus ( - ) [Abb.]: Panorama von Konstantinopel ( - ) [Karte]: Wetterkarte (15.Nov.1917 8ha) für den ersten mißglückten Versuch zur Afrikafahrt v.L59 ([62]) [Karte]: Wetterkarte (15.Nov.1917 8ha) für den ersten mißglückten Versuch zur Afrikafahrt v.L59 ([63]) Sechstes Kapitel Lettow-Vorbeck entgegen ([66]) [2 Abb.]: (1) Befestigungswerke am Bosporus (mit Luftschiffschatten) (2)Bosporus. Totalansicht ( - ) [3 Abb.]: (1)Inneres des Schiffsgerippes ohne Gaszellen (2)Links oben: Umbau von L 59 in Staaken bei Berlin (3)Links unten: Laufgang mit Ballastwassersäcken ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)L 59: "Auf nach Afrika!" (2) L 59: Nach dem Winde gedreht ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)L 59: "Schiff marsch!" (2)L 59: "Schiff hoch!" ( - ) [Gedicht]: Die an die Nilländer stoßende Lybische Wüste geht nach Westen in denjenigen Teil der eigentlichen Sahara über, von welcher der Dichter sagt: (78) [Abb.]: Jambol, Stadt mit Tundschawindungen ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Smyrna, Hafen (2)Ajasoluk [Ayasoluk], das alte Ephesos (Seldschukenburg) ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Milet: Amphitheater (links Mäanderflußtal) (2) Didyma: Tempel des Apollo (Kleinasien) ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Mittelmeerküste "Im Angesicht der Wüste" (2)Gegen Palmen vordringende Wüstendünen (Zeltlager) ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)"Warr"-Region in der Wüste (Sandrinnsale) (2) Inselberg in der Wüste (Wadibildung) ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Palmen am Rande der Oase ("Ghud"-Region) (2) "Djebel"-Formation in der Wüste ( - ) [Gedicht]: so beschreibt Freiligrath die Steppe; (94) [2 Abb.]: (1)Wüstenrast mit Palmengruppe (2)Oase Farafrah (Libysche Wüste) ( - ) [Abb.]: Karawane in der Wüste ("Sahel") ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Luftschiff-Haltetrupp (kurz vor der Landung) (2)Einhallen des L 59 (Rückkehr) ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Suezkanal (Einfahrt vom Mittelmeer) (2)Port Said (am Suezkanal) ( - ) Siebentes Kapitel Nach Neapel und dem Nildelta ([108]) Achtes Kapitel Todesfahrt des L 59 ([113]) [2 Abb.]: (1)L 59 (2)Kalkinsel in der Adria mit Befestigungsanlagen ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Gedenkstein (Jambol) (2)Kapitänleutnant Bockholt, Führer von L 59 ( - ) [Karte]: Wichtige Fahrten des Marine-Luftschiffes L59 ( - ) [Werbung]: ( - ) Einband ( - ) Einband ( - )