Suchergebnisse

Globalisierung und Diffusion versammelt Beiträge aus verschiedenen akademischen Disziplinen (Betriebswirtschaft, Marketing, Soziologie, Sprachwissenschaft). Die AutorInnen erläutern die "Vielschichtigkeit" von betriebswirtschaftlich relevanten Diffusionsprozessen - das heißt die Diffusion von Phänomenen, die in Verbindung mit Organisationen und deren Management stehen - vor dem Hintergrund der Globalisierung. Damit tritt der vorliegende Band der vereinfachenden Sichtweise entgegen, die Globalisierung lediglich als einen Prozess weltweiter Uniformierung und Standardisierung versteht

Behaviors and information often spread via person-to-person diffusion. This paper highlights how diffusion processes can facilitate coordination. I study contagion in a discrete network with Bayesian players. In addition to characterizing the extent and rate of adoption, we uncover a new effect: when large cascades are possible in equilibrium, exposure conveys information about a player's network position. This effect underscores a novel trade-off in the design of marketing campaigns, suggesting conditions under which word-of-mouth is relatively more effective. A generalization of the model to multi-type networks suggests a new approach to targeted seeding. (JEL D83, D85, M31, M37, Z13)

Intro -- Dedication -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Elements of Diffusion -- Water Boiling in a Peruvian Village: Diffusion That Failed -- What is Diffusion? -- Controlling Scurvy in the British Navy -- Nondiffusion of the Dvorak Keyboard -- Four Main Elements in the Diffusion of Innovations -- 1. The Innovation -- 2. Communication Channels -- 3. Time -- 4. A Social System -- Diffusion of Hybrid Corn in Iowa -- Summary -- Chapter 2: A History of Diffusion Research -- The Beginnings of Diffusion Research in Europe -- Gabriel Tarde and Imitation -- Georg Simmel's Stranger -- The British and German-Austrian Diffusionists -- The Rise of Diffusion Research Traditions -- Paradigms and Invisible Colleges -- The Anthropology Research Tradition -- Miracle Rice in Bali: the Goddess and the Computer -- Early Sociology -- Rural Sociology -- The Diffusion of Modern Math in Pittsburgh -- Worldwide Diffusion of the Kindergarten -- Public Health and Medical Sociology -- The Columbia University Drug Diffusion Study -- The Taichung Field Experiment -- STOP AIDS in San Francisco -- Communication -- Diffusion of News of the September 11 Terrorist Attacks -- Marketing -- Opinion Leaders and Mavens in the Diffusion of Electric Cars -- Geography -- General Sociology -- Networks in Recruitment to Freedom Summer -- Trends by Diffusion Research Traditions -- A Typology of Diffusion Research -- Summary -- Chapter 3: Contributions and Criticisms of Diffusion Research -- The Status of Diffusion Research Today -- Criticisms of Diffusion Research -- The Pro-Innovation Bias of Diffusion Research -- Pure Drinking Water in Egyptian Villages -- Preference for Sons in India and China -- The Individual-Blame Bias in Diffusion Research -- The Recall Problem in Diffusion Research -- The Issue of Equality in the Diffusion of Innovations -- Summary -- Chapter 4: The Generation of Innovations.

Over the past fifty years, top political science journals have published hundreds of articles about policy diffusion. This article reports on network analyses of how the ideas and approaches in these articles have spread both within and across the subfields of American politics, comparative politics and international relations. Then, based on a survey of the literature, the who, what, when, where, how and why of policy diffusion are addressed in order to identify and assess some of the main contributions and omissions in current scholarship. It is argued that studies of diffusion would benefit from paying more attention to developments in other subfields and from taking a more systematic approach to tackling the questions of when and how policy diffusion takes place.

Over the past fifty years, top political science journals have published hundreds of articles about policy diffusion. This article reports on network analyses of how the ideas and approaches in these articles have spread both within and across the subfields of American politics, comparative politics and international relations. Then, based on a survey of the literature, the who, what, when, where, how and why of policy diffusion are addressed in order to identify and assess some of the main contributions and omissions in current scholarship. It is argued that studies of diffusion would benefit from paying more attention to developments in other subfields and from taking a more systematic approach to tackling the questions of when and how policy diffusion takes place. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractDiffusion is traditionally examined at a macro level, measured by adoption (e.g., sales), or at a micro level, assessed by consumer characteristics (e.g., adopter types). We address diffusion at a meso level focusing on how a practice disseminates across extended time and cross-cultural and cross-national space. We conduct an historical analysis and ethnographic inquiry of the dispersion of an indigenous practice, surfing, and the consequences of practice diffusion on practice reproduction. Our data suggest practice diffusion is not the wholesale adoption of a practice. Rather, a practice emerges across diverse cultural and national contexts through adaptation, fueled by processes of codification and transposition. We find that the movement of practice elements (meanings, materials, and competences) and their dynamic linkages (transposition, codification, and adaptation) enable a practice to (re)emerge across broad historic epochs and complex sociocultural landscapes. This study reveals how a practice evolves through shifts in power between practice carriers and noncarriers and results in distinct forms of reproduction (demarcation, imitation, acculturation, and innovation) that can mask the cultural genealogy of a practice. The continual maintenance and evolution of a practice depend on its strength of alignment and embeddedness within systems of practices that make up the social fabric of everyday life.