The Mapping Digital Media project examines the global opportunities and risks created by the transition from traditional to digital media. Covering 60 countries, the project examines how these changes affect the core democratic service that any media system should provide: news about political, economic, and social affairs.In Colombia, analog free-to-air television is still by far the most influential source of news. Digitization seems to be increasing both the quantity and range of news and the total public consumption of media as many traditional outlets now have online versions, while some new online only outlets have been born in recent years and gained recognition as news providers. Internet use is increasing very fast in urban areas and higher socioeconomic groups.Public media have been strengthened in recent years and public service provision is considered an important issue in Colombia. The transition to digital terrestrial television (DTT) is seen as both a challenge and an opportunity to public media. Digital activism too has grown in Colombia, and active internet users have proved the power of social networking, which has become very popular. Political debates and hostage rescue operations have, among others, triggered big digital mobilizations, especially on Facebook and Twitter.The policy and regulatory framework for digital media is still being defined as the media regulatory framework itself is functional, but there are several procedural flaws in the implementation.
The Mapping Digital Media project examines the global opportunities and risks created by the transition from traditional to digital media. Covering 60 countries, the project examines how these changes affect the core democratic service that any media system should provide: news about political, economic, and social affairs.Since 2005, Spain has designed and implemented aggressive digitization policies that secured the switchoff of analog television in 2010, and developed the digital terrestrial television (DTT) market to saturation point. As a result, cable and satellite subscription services have experienced some decline since 2008. The rapid rise of free-to-air (FTA) digital television has not, however, been replicated in radio, where take-up of the assigned digital audio broadcasting (DAB) standard has been marginal, with little promise of imminent significant growth. This is attributed to a policy focus on digital television, the absence of a digital radio publicity campaign and a switch-off deadline, and the cost of upgrading to digital radio faced by consumers and broadcasters alike.The roll-out of broadband infrastructure has been successful, accounting for 99 percent of all fixed-line connections in 2010. But the consumers' cost of connection remains one of the highest in the European Union (EU), and an enduring digital divide is reflected in the fact that fixed-line internet connections reached only 22 percent of households in 2010.The report also calls for the setting up of an independent regulatory authority on audiovisual matters; the effective implementation of self-regulatory codes concerning media and children; a comprehensive policy program involving concerted action by state institutions, universities, and journalism associations/unions to tackle problems of journalists' pay and conditions; the effective implementation of ethical codes and principles to challenge the abusive dominance of opinion and ideological polarization in the media; the setting up by the Government of a radiocommunications agency to handle radio spectrum policy; the delegation of DTT licensing to this radiocommunications agency; improved publicity for public tenders through the approval of a law on transparency and citizens' access to public information; the promotion of media literacy in school curricula; and finally, the protection of RTVE's political and financing independence to ensure the provision of non-partisan and good-quality journalism to Spanish society
The article examines Polish local journalists views about their profession and outlines the relation between new media, society and journalists. The core of the paper is build up at findings from survey of local journalism conducted at newsrooms in 2008-2010 in selected poviats in Lower Silesia (Southern Poland). The main aim of the study is to investigate any development in attitudes to different professional values and changes of the local press journalists work conditions due to the ICT, global network rapid growth and market pressure. The interviews cover among others such aspects of journalists' work as: conditions of employment; reducing journalist's freedom; censorship inside the editorial staff; the pressure of the owner; the pressure coming out of the publishers (e.g. politicians; local government; businessmen); journalism ethic rules; trainings; journalism expectations. The article is exploring the role of the local newspaper journalist. It is being examined the impact of the contraction in the local press on the newsrooms and journalists. Moreover it is being analysed the extent to which the attitude of local journalists to local public life is changing and whether the local media fulfil the watchdog function.
The press digitization process disrupted the journalistic profession irremediably. New consumption and productive processes impacted fully on the media contents and their production logics. This study aims to analyze the main Argentinian online media agendas. Specifically, it is intended to establish how different media use the potentialities of digital platforms, how its agendas are thematically composed and if there are variations between different media scales. In general terms, the results show that the deployment of digital resources is scarce. The main issues, as in the traditional press, are mainly those linked to politics and economy. Finally, the differences in size and newsrooms productive capacity impact on the information content physiognomy. ; La digitalización de la prensa trastocó la profesión periodística irremediablemente. Nuevos consumos y procesos productivos impactaron de lleno en los contenidos de las agendas mediáticas y en sus lógicas de producción. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar las agendas informativas de los principales medios online de la Argentina. Específicamente, se pretende establecer cuál es el uso que los diarios hacen de las potencialidades de las plataformas digitales, cómo se componen temáticamente sus agendas y si existen variaciones entre medios de diferentes escalas. Los resultados demuestran que, en términos generales, los recursos propiamente digitales y de producción propia son escasos. Los temas centrales, tal como en la prensa gráfica, son principalmente aquellos ligados a la política y la economía. Finalmente, las diferencias de tamaño y capacidad productiva de las redacciones impactan en las formas y tipos de contenidos informativos.
El salto tecnológico ocurrido hacia fines delpasado siglo y la aparición de nuevas modalidades de comunicación han repercutido en las dinámicas de la representación y la participación política de los regímenes democráticos. Asimismo, ha generado una configuración del espacio público multimediático que plantea la necesidad de estudiar simultáneamente medios tradicionales y digitales. Dentro de este marco general se presentan los resultados de un estudio de caso sobre el modo en que la noción de grieta circuló y se instaló en diversos escenarios mediáticos. Este trabajo asume la complejidad que subyace a la conformación del espacio público contemporáneo e intenta aportar al análisis de ciertos aspectos del entramado cultural de la política argentina en cuyo seno se desarrolló la elección presidencial de 2019. ; O salto tecnológico ocorrido no final do séculopassado e o surgimento de novas formas de comunicação impactaram a dinâmica de representação e participação políticados regimes democráticos. Da mesma forma, gerou uma nova configuração do espaço público multimídia que impõe uma necessidade crescente de estudar simultaneamente as mídias tradicionais e digitais. Nesse quadro geral, são apresentados os resultados de um estudo de caso sobre a forma como a noção de crack circulou e se instalou em diversos cenários midiáticos. Este trabalho assume a complexidade subjacente à conformação doespaço público contemporâneo e busca contribuir para a análise de alguns aspectos do tecido cultural da política argentina em que ocorreu a eleição presidencial de 2019. ; The technological leap that ocurred in the endof the past century and the emergence of new modalities of communication, have affected the dynamics of political representation and participation in the democratic regimes. Inthe same way, they have generated a new configuration for the multimedia public space that imposes a growing need of simultaneously studying traditional and digital media. In this general frame are introduced the results of the study case about the ways in which the rift notion has circulated and has setup in different media stages. This work assumes the complexity that underlies the shaping of contemporary public space andtries to contribute to the analysis of certain aspects of the cultural framework of Argentine politics within which the 2019 presidential election took place. ; Red de Carreras de Comunicación Social y Periodismo
La necesidad de organizar encuentros entre generaciones va en aumento porque la solidaridad entre las generaciones es crucial para una sociedad equitativa para todas las edades. Sin embargo, reunir a diferentes grupos de edad no es suficiente para crear un diálogo intergeneracional exitoso. El contenido, las actividades y los métodos empleados cuando se juntan grupos muy diferentes, deben atraer a los miembros de ambas generaciones. En este sentido, las posibilidades que las herramientas virtuales nos brindan para el despliegue de intervenciones de este tipo deben ser objeto de estudio. Así pues, en el presente trabajo se presentan las evidencias obtenidas en relación al potencial de estas nuevas herramientas para favorecer el bienestar de todos los implicados en programas de este tipo, identificando y analizando los recursos online empleados por los mismos para este fin. Los principales resultados apuntan a que estas intervenciones ofrecen buenas oportunidades para compartir el aprendizaje en igualdad de condiciones y para abordar conjuntamente la convivencia de formas completamente nuevas. El primer autor recibió fondos a través de una ayuda destinada a financiar la contratación predoctoral de personal investigador por la Junta de Castilla y León (EDU/1083/2013), cofinanciada por el Fondo Social Europeo, dentro del Programa Operativo del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) 2014-2020 de Castilla y León. ; The need to organise encounters between different generations is growing because solidarity between generations is crucial to ensure a fair society for all ages. However, bringing together different age groups is not enough to create a successful intergenerational dialogue. The content, activities and methods used when very different groups come together, should draw the attention of members of both generations. In this regard, the possibilities that virtual tools offer for the deployment of interventions of this type should be a subject of study. Therefore, this paper presents the evidences obtained in relation to the potential of these new tools to promote the welfare of all those involved in programmes of this type, identifying and analysing the online resources used by them for this purpose. The main results suggest that these interventions offer good opportunities to share the learning on equal terms and to address their coexistence together and in completely new ways. The first author received funds from an aid intended to finance the predoctoral recruitment of research staff granted by the Regional Government of Castille and Leon (EDU/1083/2013), co-financed by the European Social Fund, within the 2014-2020 Operational Programme of the European Regional Development Fund (OP ERDF) of Castille and Leon. ; - Junta de Castilla y León. Ayuda destinada a financiar la contratación predoctoral de personal investigador (EDU/1083/2013), cofinanciada por el Fondo Social Europeo, dentro del Programa Operativo del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) 2014-2020 de Castilla y León. ; peerReviewed
This article presents the results of an exploratory and descriptive study made with the purpose of knowing the reality of environmentaljournalism in Mexico, through specialized digital media, and of identifying the most solid initiatives in this field. It was found that, of the spectrum of digital portals that divulge environmentalinformation, there are three who produce their own content through a professional practice with a complex and contextualized perspective, close to the cultural and ecosystemic identity of their respective regions of operations. In order to achieve a qualitative comprehension of these journalistic endeavours, interviews were made with the editors of three of them, aiming to know their views on socio environmental issues in the country, the role of environmental journalism in the visibility of environmental topics in the social sphere, and the challenges and possibilities of consolidation of this profession. The editors of these sites are veteran journalists who seek to offer contents that are useful for comprehension, reflection, and decision-making by audiences on local issues. It is concluded that, against the disinterest of other actors to generate useful environmental information for social and political decision-making, it is necessary to strengthenthese kind of initiatives, for they constitute a referent to the kind of environmental journalism that is required by the conditions of the country and their replication is desirable in order to favour social action in environmental issues on a local scale. ; En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo realizado con el objetivo de conocer la situación del periodismo ambiental que se desarrolla en México a través de medios digitales independientes especializados, y de identificar las iniciativas más sólidas en este rubro. Se encontró que, del universo de medios digitales que difunden información ambiental, existen tres que generan sus propios contenidos mediante una práctica profesional con ...
The United Kingdom's departure from the European Union (broadly known as Brexit) is one of the most outstanding historical events of the 21st Century to date. Two major figures have led this process politically: Theresa May and Boris Johnson, the two Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom since 2016. This paper, however, focuses on the former, as she is a female politician in a controversial situation, and thus the way she is presented can serve an example of how women in power are represented by the media. This research was designed with the aim of discovering the roles attributed to Theresa May by Spanish digital media throughout this process. The fact that people in Spain are becoming deeply concerned with women's advances in society was motivated the desire to test how Spanish media represent female leaders, such as May. To complete this study, fifty-four publications from three different Spanish digital media leaders of audience (El Mundo, El País and El Español)were taken as a reference. The methodological procedure used was Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), based on semantic relationships, and although some comparisons between relative and absolute frequencies were made, the general approach is basically qualitative. Through this analysis, it has been discovered that Theresa May is presented in a different way depending on the remaining characters, usually masculine, who participate in the action. These differences are mainly observable between those articles in which May relates to her European counterparts and those in which she deals with her British colleagues. ; 2019-20
The purpose of this article is the study and analysis the changes that have occurred in the mass media in the context of the right of access to new information technologies. Thus, the research consists of studying the on-line platformas used by the mass media and indepent media, as well as the implications that arise with the use of intermediary platforms in the dissemination of fake news and hate speech. The meeting of the tutelage on the human right to communication, the foundation national legislation based on national and international legislation and the principles of digital media vehicles. ; El propósito de este artículo es el estúdio y análisi de los câmbios que se han producido em los médios de comunicación en el contexto del derecho de acceso a las nuevas tecnologias de la información. Por lo tanto, la investigación coniste em estudiar la plataforms em línea utilizadas por los médios de comunicación y los médios independientes, así como las implicaciones que surgen com el uso de plataformas intermediarias em la difusión de noticias falsas y dicursos de ódio. La reunión de la tutela sobre el derecho humano a la comunicación, la base de la legislación nacional basada em la legislación nacional e internacional y los princípios de los vehículos de médio digitales. ; O presente artigo tem por objeto de estudo a análise das transformações ocorridas em meio à mídia de massa sob o contexto do direito de acesso às novas tecnologias de informação. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa abarca o surgimento das plataformas on-line utilizadas pelos veículos de comunicação e da mídia independente, bem como, as implicações surgidas com o uso de plataformas intermediárias na disseminação de fake news e a propagação do discurso do ódio. Tem-se o encontro da tutela do direito humano à comunicação e como fundamento a legislação pátria e comparada e princípios defendidos pelos veículos digitais de mídia.
Para analizar la información ambiental en medios digitales, se hizo un estudio descriptivo y de análisis de contenido, donde se examinaron Reporte 360 y Noticias 24, con las categorías de Krisppendorff (1990) para el análisis de contenido; Aceves (2003) información ambiental y Cely (2004) para el medio digital. Se elaboró una clasificación de géneros periodísticos (tradicionales y ciberperiodísticos), se analizó el hipertexto, actualización, procedencia de la información, fuentes, temas, comentarios y explicación de términos. Como resultados destacan: la procedencia de la información de ambos medios es mayoritariamente de Agencias de Noticias internacionales y nacional, domina la fuente gobierno, escaso uso del lenguaje multimedia, Reporte 360 muestra un lento ritmo de actualización frente a Noticias 24 y ésta hace mayor uso de video. El género periodístico más empleado es la noticia, con la misma estructura del medio impreso. En ambos medios la agenda temática es: Contaminación, Desastres Naturales, Desechos y Lluvias. Los comentarios en Noticias 24 fueron muy críticos para los temas de contaminación y desechos y, los usuarios de Reporte 360, las reenviaron a las redes sociales. Se concluye que los medios digitales estudiados basan su contenido en las agencias de noticias. ; This article reports a descriptive study which objective was to analyze the environmental information in digital media in Venezuela. A content analysis was done to Reporte 360 and Noticias 24. We used the categories of Krisppendorff (1990) for content analysis, Aceves (2003) to analyse environmental information and Cely (2004) for digital media. A classification was elaborated of journalistic genres (traditional and digital) and we analized hypertext, updating, origin of the information, comments and explanation of terms. The findings indicate that the origin of the information is mosty from national and international news agencies. We found that it also dominates the official sources (like Government), there is a tiny use of multimedia and that news is the main genre used. In both media the agenda is related to: pollution, natural disasters, waste and rainings. The comments were very critical for pollution and waste. One concludes that digital media base their environmental information on news agencies.
Para analizar la información ambiental en medios digitales, se hizo un estudio descriptivo y de análisis de contenido, donde se examinaron Reporte 360 y Noticias 24, con las categorías de Krisppendorff (1990) para el análisis de contenido; Aceves (2003) información ambiental y Cely (2004) para el medio digital. Se elaboró una clasificación de géneros periodísticos (tradicionales y ciberperiodísticos), se analizó el hipertexto, actualización, procedencia de la información, fuentes, temas, comentarios y explicación de términos. Como resultados destacan: la procedencia de la información de ambos medios es mayoritariamente de Agencias de Noticias internacionales y nacional, domina la fuente gobierno, escaso uso del lenguaje multimedia, Reporte 360 muestra un lento ritmo de actualización frente a Noticias 24 y ésta hace mayor uso de video. El género periodístico más empleado es la noticia, con la misma estructura del medio impreso. En ambos medios la agenda temática es: Contaminación, Desastres Naturales, Desechos y Lluvias. Los comentarios en Noticias 24 fueron muy críticos para los temas de contaminación y desechos y, los usuarios de Reporte 360, las reenviaron a las redes sociales. Se concluye que los medios digitales estudiados basan su contenido en las agencias de noticias. ; This article reports a descriptive study which objective was to analyze the environmental information in digital media in Venezuela. A content analysis was done to Reporte 360 and Noticias 24. We used the categories of Krisppendorff (1990) for content analysis, Aceves (2003) to analyse environmental information and Cely (2004) for digital media. A classification was elaborated of journalistic genres (traditional and digital) and we analized hypertext, updating, origin of the information, comments and explanation of terms. The findings indicate that the origin of the information is mosty from national and international news agencies. We found that it also dominates the official sources (like Government), there is a tiny use of multimedia and that news is the main genre used. In both media the agenda is related to: pollution, natural disasters, waste and rainings. The comments were very critical for pollution and waste. One concludes that digital media base their environmental information on news agencies.
La corrent política i social que al món sencer té una major participació ciutadana a la governança de les institucions es va materialitzar en el Dret Comunitari, entre altres, en la inclusió de la figura de la iniciativa ciutadana, en virtut del Tractat de Lisboa, com un dret més dins del ventall de l'estatut de la ciutadania europea. Els textos normatius comunitaris han previst un important paper per als mitjans digitals, tant per facilitar la informació com la participació dels ciutadans. Com que han passat ja uns tres anys des del començament de la possibilitat de presentar iniciatives ciutadanes i se n'han promogut a la pràctica unes cinquanta, ja tenim una perspectiva suficient per valorar si aquelles expectatives eren fundades o no. Després de l'estudi pertinent, hem pogut corroborar com els mitjans digitals han resultat fonamentals per aconseguir els objectius per als quals es va pensar la iniciativa ciutadana, tant en el sentit de servir d'altaveu de les iniciatives promogudes, com en el de facilitar la recollida de suports a través de pàgines web. Fins i tot, sembla que la pràctica demostra que avui dia ja seria impossible, per falta de temps i mitjans de tot tipus, aconseguir les xifres de suport que requereixen les normes pertinents sobre la iniciativa ciutadana, en els terminis previstos, si no és amb l'ajuda dels mitjans digitals. ; The political and social current throughout the world marked by a tendency towards greater citizen participation in the governance of institutions has been enacted in European Community Law, among other measures, by the inclusion of the figure of the Citizens' Initiative, by virtue of the Treaty of Lisbon, as a further right within the framework of the Statute of European Citizenship. The legislative texts of the European Community predicted a key role for digital media, both in terms of providing information and citizen participation. Around three years since the option of proposing citizen initiatives began, with around 50 such proposals having been put into practice, there is now enough perspective to evaluate whether or not these predictions were well based. After the necessary research, it has been possible to confirm that digital media have been essential for achieving the goals for which the Citizens' Initiative was designed, both in terms of providing a mouthpiece for the initiatives developed and facilitating the gathering of support through websites. In fact, practice seems to have demonstrated that it would now be impossible, due to a lack of time and all types of resources, to achieve the support figures required under the regulations corresponding to the Citizens' Initiative, within the set time periods, without the help of digital media. ; La corriente política y social que en todo el mundo tiende a una mayor participación ciudadana en la gobernanza de las instituciones se materializó en el Derecho comunitario, entre otras cosas, en la inclusión de la figura de la iniciativa ciudadana, en virtud del Tratado de Lisboa, como un derecho más dentro del abanico del estatuto de la ciudadanía europea. Los textos normativos comunitarios han previsto un importante papel para los medios digitales, tanto para facilitar la información como la participación de los ciudadanos. Habiendo transcurrido ya unos tres años desde el comienzo de la posibilidad de presentar iniciativas ciudadanas y habiéndose promovido ya en la práctica unas cincuenta, se posee ya perspectiva suficiente para valorar si aquellas expectativas eran fundadas o no. Tras el estudio pertinente, hemos podido corroborar cómo los medios digitales han resultado esenciales para alcanzar los fines para los que se pensó la iniciativa ciudadana, tanto en el sentido de servir de altavoz de las iniciativas promovidas, como en el de facilitar las recogidas de apoyos mediante páginas web. Incluso, parece que la práctica demuestra que hoy en día ya sería imposible, por falta de tiempo y medios de todo tipo, alcanzar las cifras de apoyo requeridas por las normas pertinentes sobre la iniciativa ciudadana, en los plazos previstos, si no es con ayuda de los medios digitales.
La corrent política i social que al món sencer té una major participació ciutadana a la governança de les institucions es va materialitzar en el Dret Comunitari, entre altres, en la inclusió de la figura de la iniciativa ciutadana, en virtut del Tractat de Lisboa, com un dret més dins del ventall de l'estatut de la ciutadania europea. Els textos normatius comunitaris han previst un important paper per als mitjans digitals, tant per facilitar la informació com la participació dels ciutadans. Com que han passat ja uns tres anys des del començament de la possibilitat de presentar iniciatives ciutadanes i se n'han promogut a la pràctica unes cinquanta, ja tenim una perspectiva suficient per valorar si aquelles expectatives eren fundades o no. Després de l'estudi pertinent, hem pogut corroborar com els mitjans digitals han resultat fonamentals per aconseguir els objectius per als quals es va pensar la iniciativa ciutadana, tant en el sentit de servir d'altaveu de les iniciatives promogudes, com en el de facilitar la recollida de suports a través de pàgines web. Fins i tot, sembla que la pràctica demostra que avui dia ja seria impossible, per falta de temps i mitjans de tot tipus, aconseguir les xifres de suport que requereixen les normes pertinents sobre la iniciativa ciutadana, en els terminis previstos, si no és amb l'ajuda dels mitjans digitals. ; The political and social current throughout the world marked by a tendency towards greater citizen participation in the governance of institutions has been enacted in European Community Law, among other measures, by the inclusion of the figure of the Citizens' Initiative, by virtue of the Treaty of Lisbon, as a further right within the framework of the Statute of European Citizenship. The legislative texts of the European Community predicted a key role for digital media, both in terms of providing information and citizen participation. Around three years since the option of proposing citizen initiatives began, with around 50 such proposals having been put into practice, there is now enough perspective to evaluate whether or not these predictions were well based. After the necessary research, it has been possible to confirm that digital media have been essential for achieving the goals for which the Citizens' Initiative was designed, both in terms of providing a mouthpiece for the initiatives developed and facilitating the gathering of support through websites. In fact, practice seems to have demonstrated that it would now be impossible, due to a lack of time and all types of resources, to achieve the support figures required under the regulations corresponding to the Citizens' Initiative, within the set time periods, without the help of digital media. ; La corriente política y social que en todo el mundo tiende a una mayor participación ciudadana en la gobernanza de las instituciones se materializó en el Derecho comunitario, entre otras cosas, en la inclusión de la figura de la iniciativa ciudadana, en virtud del Tratado de Lisboa, como un derecho más dentro del abanico del estatuto de la ciudadanía europea. Los textos normativos comunitarios han previsto un importante papel para los medios digitales, tanto para facilitar la información como la participación de los ciudadanos. Habiendo transcurrido ya unos tres años desde el comienzo de la posibilidad de presentar iniciativas ciudadanas y habiéndose promovido ya en la práctica unas cincuenta, se posee ya perspectiva suficiente para valorar si aquellas expectativas eran fundadas o no. Tras el estudio pertinente, hemos podido corroborar cómo los medios digitales han resultado esenciales para alcanzar los fines para los que se pensó la iniciativa ciudadana, tanto en el sentido de servir de altavoz de las iniciativas promovidas, como en el de facilitar las recogidas de apoyos mediante páginas web. Incluso, parece que la práctica demuestra que hoy en día ya sería imposible, por falta de tiempo y medios de todo tipo, alcanzar las cifras de apoyo requeridas por las normas pertinentes sobre la iniciativa ciudadana, en los plazos previstos, si no es con ayuda de los medios digitales.
Political socialization is a process of social learning through which citizens acquire beliefs, feelings, and information toward achieving their maturity and political identity (Sotirovic and McLeod, 2004). It includes some of the main socialization agents such as exposure to the media, the influence of new technologies and their effects. There is evaluated the shape of the political attitudes of the young people from the influence of the traditional and/or digital means, using a quantitative methodology. Digital media reinforce the interest and political learning that the individual already possesses, through its information channels. ; La socialización política es un proceso de aprendizaje social a través del cual los ciudadanos adquieren creencias, sentimientos e información hacia lograr su madurez y su identidad política (Sotirovic y McLeod, 2004). Incluye algunos de los principales agentes de socialización como la exposición a los medios de comunicación, la influencia de las nuevas tecnologías y sus efectos. Se evalúa la conformación de las actitudes políticas de los jóvenes a partir de la influencia de los medios tradicionales y/o digitales, utilizando una metodología cuantitativa. Los medios digitales refuerzan el interés y el aprendizaje político que el individuo ya posee, a través de sus canales de información
