Suchergebnisse

John M. Avery, legislative reference librarian. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Discusses forms of direct democracy envisaged by the Croatian Constitution of 1990, which defined Croatia as semipresidential republic, before constitutional amendment of 1997. The article describes normative regulation of referenda & speculates about reasons for their absence. One of the main reasons seems to be the specific institutional framework & political consensus existing among the Parliament, the Government, & the President of the Republic, which is of a dynamic nature. Referendum, having a gridlock-breaking capacity, offers a solution in the form of recourse to the people on initiative of the President of the Republic or of the Parliament in the absence of political consensus. However, due to the existence of such consensus, referenda never took place in Croatia. The author also discusses citizens' right to petition the government in light of an important decision of the Croatian Constitutional Court. Adapted from the source document.

I started taking photographs of Direct Provision in 2007 while I was confined - as an asylum seeker - living in The Old Convent Direct Provision Centre in Ballyhaunis. The photographs that I took then, and after I received a permission to stay in Ireland in 2009, are devoid of people. There are no bodies of asylum seekers in Asylum Archive. What you can see are the ghosts, the ephemera, traces, remnants of lives once lived in Direct Provision. If we look at the history of the Irish State and the previous carceral sites, including Magdalene Laundries, Industrial Schools, Mother and Baby Homes and Lunatic Asylums, there is very little visual information. I wanted to document Direct Provision, so we never forget the most appalling and inhumane way we treat asylum seekers who came to Ireland to seek protection.

Pt. 1, The direct primary; pt. 2, Special features of the direct primary; pt. 3, Operation of the direct primary in particular states [California, Maine, New York, Iowa, South Dakota, Indiana].