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(For abstract of Part 1, see SOPODA 16:2/94P9328.) In Introduction: Issues of Politics and Practice in Disability Policy, David Pfeiffer (Suffolk U, Boston, MA) introduces the second part of a symposium on disability policy, which is intended to broaden the awareness & acceptance of disability policy among those interested in policy studies. In Organizing from Diversity in the Name of Community: Lessons from the Disability Rights Movement, Jean Flatley McGuire (177 River St, Cambridge, MA 02139) examines the struggles of the disability movement to remain an effective & cohesive entity, exploring the complexity of the movement itself as well as broader lessons for policy planning & community organizing. In Disability Policy and the Media: A Stealth Civil Rights Movement Bypasses the Press and Defies Conventional Wisdom, Joseph Shapiro (2400 N St NW, Washington, DC 20037) outlines the deliberate & unconventional strategy by which disability rights activists pushed the Americans with Disabilities Act through Congress & discusses the resulting backlash that disabled people face for their "stealth" civil rights activities. In Unintended Consequences in Public Policy: Persons with Psychiatric Disabilities Act, Jean Campbell (Station #40, State Office Building, Augusta, ME 04333) assesses unintended consequences of public policy, particularly those embodied in the Americans with Disabilities Act toward people diagnosed with mental illness. In The Implications of Parenting Standards in Child Protection: A Paradox in Disability Policy, Marie Matava (Suffolk U, Boston, MA) focuses on parents with mental, emotional, or cognitive disabilities who, without some outside assistance, would likely neglect their children. In Toward a Research and Training Capacity in Disability Policy, Gerben Dejong (NRH Research Center, 102 Irving St NE, Washington, DC 20010) describes the infrastructure needed if disability policy is to flourish as a viable field of inquiry. In The Future of Disability Policy as a Field of Research, Daniel M. Fox (Milbank Memorial Fund, 1 East 75th St, New York, NY 10021) explores: the new salience of research on disability policy, why it is likely to increase, & several areas ripe for further development. M. Maguire

"Many children who have a disability feel left out. How can you help address this issue? An inclusive and accessible picture book from the Questions and Feelings About ... series uses child-friendly text and examples to explore that very question. It includes a helpful section with advice, practical tips, and activities for caregivers and teachers."--

In Introduction Sara D. Watson (Center Study Social Policy, Washington, DC) argues for the elevation of disability policy to a major field of social policy. Experiences in disability policy illustrate & can inform broader themes in public management, policy analysis, ethics, & other areas. In Overview of the Disability Movement: History, Legislative Record, and Political Implications, David Pfeiffer (Suffolk U, Boston, MA) reviews the disability movement from the mid-nineteenth century to the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Disability policy studies now avoid the medical model & view the disabled person as the primary actor. In Relating Disability Policy to Broader Public Policy: Understanding the Concept of "Handicap," Andrew I. Batavia (School of Medicine, Georgetown U, Washington, DC) argues that proper differentiation of the terms handicap, disablity, & impairment can aid the analysis of disability policy. The goal of policy should be prevention of social disadvantages ("handicap") related to disabilities & impairments. Implications for civil rights & other areas are discussed. Harlan Hahn (U of Southern California, Los Angeles) argues for a new political science paradigm emphasizing the roles of identity politics & social movements in The Potential Impact of Disability Studies on Political Science (as Well as Vice-Versa). Political concepts have contributed to the view of disabilities as environmental problems, while disability studies have critiqued dominant political paradigms for down-playing the importance of human agency & self-definition. A merger of the two fields would be beneficial to political science. In Holistic Policymaking: "Neo-Liberalism" as illustrated by the Women's and Disability Rights Movements, Sara D. Watson describes parallel themes in the two movements (eg, difference vs equality, environmental interaction vs personal characteristics). Both have arrived at a philosophy of interdependence & a desire for integrated policies that address an individual's spectrum of needs. Such a holistic approach is consistent with messages from the Clinton administration. In Access to the Information Age: Fundamental Decisions in Telecommunications Policy, Frank G. Bowe (Hofstra U, Hempstead, NY) examines the efforts of disability rights leaders to ensure access to new technologies & the cost distribution of that access. Service provision by private corporations is becoming a crucial issue in the struggle for disability rights. William G. Johnson (Coll of Business, Arizona State U, Tempe) & Marjorie Baldwin review research on labor market discrimination in The Americans with Disabilities Act: Will It Make a Difference?. The success of the Act in improving employment rates & relative wages for disabled persons will be determined by how employers weigh the costs of accommodating workers with disabilities against the costs of noncompliance. In Personal Assistance Services: The Hub of the Policy Wheel for Community Integration of People with Severe Physical Disabilities, Margaret A. Nosek (Baylor Coll of Medicine, Houston, TX) & Carol A. Howland argue that the prevailing medical model for the delivery of assistance services is controlled by health professionals & has an institutional bias. An independent-living model where services are community-based & focus on customer control is advocated. 4 Tables, 188 References. E. Blackwell

While employment issues have always been an important aspect of disability policy, a focus on paid and formal employment has meant that the experience of many working-age adults with intellectual disabilities has been overlooked. Many erroneously believe the historic absence of persons with intellectual disabilities in the workplace is evidence that persons with intellectual disabilities cannot or do not work. The changing face of disability supports has at times reinforced this belief through the construction of segregated spaces that house and/or occupy unemployed and working-aged persons with intellectual disabilities. Yet a closer examination of disability services reveals a legacy of invisible labor by persons with intellectual disabilities that challenges notions of idleness and questions the sometimes-exploitive nature of disability services for persons with intellectual disabilities. Although not formally classified as labor, contributions that take place within rehabilitation and training programs offered through many disability service frameworks, illustrate a capacity to work and contribute, as well as the necessity of this labor to the administration of some disability supports and services. What I argue here is that a brief look at the everyday experience of many within rehabilitation and training programs, both inside and outside of the institution's walls, reveals the embedded nature of this labor as a central and necessary function within the delivery of many services and supports for adults with intellectual disabilities. This reality needs to be recognized and addressed in order to achieve more equitable labor relations for persons with intellectual disabilities. Adapted from the source document.

"Disability studies has gone from being a relatively unknown field to one of increasing importance in the social sciences. The sixth edition of The Disability Studies Reader brings in new topics, scholars, writers, artists, and essays, to address links between ableism and imperialism, disability bioethics, and the relationship between disability agency, social policy, and decarceration There are as many meanings and experiences of disability as there are disabled people, and this diversity ensures that the work of the field will continue to evolve. Fully revised and brought up to date, this volume addresses a wider range of geographical and cultural contexts, and many pay specific attention to the intersections between disability and race, gender, and sexuality. The growing interest and activism around the issue of neuroatypicality is also reflected in a new section on neurodivergence. The Disability Studies Reader remains an excellent touchstone for students in disability studies courses across the disciplines, including the social sciences, English Literature and Psychology"--

""Offers basic consumer health information about barriers faced by people with physical disabilities, treatment, employment, and transportation, as well as Social Security disability insurance, option, rehabilitative and assistive technology, and compensation. Includes a directory of organizations for people with disabilities"-Provided by publisher"--

A symposium on the origins & effects of discrimination against persons with mental or physical impairments in the US. In Introduction, William G. Johnson notes that public policy, until recently based on the medical model of disability, has begun to be influenced by the realization that discrimination is as important a barrier to education & employment opportunities as is physical/mental disabilty. In "Any Distinguishing Features?" -- The Portrayal of Disability in the Crime-Mystery Genre, Irving Kenneth Zola (Dept of Sociology, Brandeis U, Waltham, Mass) offers a sociohistorical analysis of how disability is portrayed in crime & mystery fiction. Examination of 150 examples of such literature reveals the roles with which disabilities are associated & some selected behaviors of their bearers. In The Culture of Policy: Disability Images and Their Analogues in Public Policy, Douglas Biklen (Syracuse U, NY) examines key literary themes on the meaning of disability in culture & how these influence social policy, with focus on how the disabled struggle for self-determination, personal identity, & social acceptance in the face of economic, psychological, & sociopolitical factors that work to institutionalize or medicalize them. In The Exhibition of Humans with Differences for Amusement and Profit, Robert Bogdan (Syracuse U, NY) provides a history of the "freak show" in the US between 1840 & 1940. Though its popularity has waned, the freak show has much in common with modern human service agencies that deal with the disabled, particularly in the relation between presentation & profit. In Advertising the Acceptably Employable Image: Disability and Capitalism, Harlan Hahn (U of Southern California, Los Angeles) suggests that the high unemployment rate of disabled adults in the US is attributable to broad economic forces rather than to individual impairments. Ways that capitalism has promulgated mass imagery -- primarily through advertising & the mass media -- that excludes the disabled from the LF & consigns them to a subordinate social position are examined. In The Effect of Prejudice on the Wages of Disabled Workers, William G. Johnson & James Lambrinos (Maxwell School, Syracuse U, NY) examine economic discrimination against the disabled as a function of employers' prejudicial attitudes. Gary Becker's model of prejudice as "social distance" (see SA 6:3/564689) is applied to data on 2,840 impaired workers drawn from the 1972 Survey of Disabled & Non-Disabled Adults. Results indicate that wage differences among impaired Ms vary with the degree of prejudice against impairment, while such attitudes are not so important for Fs. It is concluded that public policies should not be based on a consideration of impaired persons as homogeneous members of a minority group. 5 Tables, 1 Figure, 243 References. Modified AA

"Wherever we live or whatever we do, disability will always be part of us, whether we want to know it or not. With increasing age, we will all surely encounter disability. It can be age or it can be outside forces that will result in disability, like for example a traffic accident. It is estimated that more than a billion people or about 15% of the population in the world live with some form of disability. Disability research is therefore important not only for the individual or the family, but certainly also for the society that has to adapt and facilitate an easier life and better service for this segment of our population. For example, research from the United States found significant disparities in the prevalence of disability between urban and rural residents with rural residents having the highest prevalence of disability. Such epidemiology and survey research can be important tools for public health focus and intervention and can guide policy makers to allocate budgets and service facilities and expertise. In this book we have gathered some recent disability research from various places around the world that we hope will be of interest to the reader"--