Suchergebnisse

This paper attempts to shed light on the impact of socio-economic disparity on learning engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Utilising search intensity data from Google Trends, school data from Dapodik (Education Core Database), and socio-economic data from the National Socioeconomic Survey, we conduct descriptive analysis, an event study, and difference-in-difference estimations. First, school quality differs in terms of the regions' development level, especially between western and eastern Indonesia. However, densely populated and well-developed areas generally have lower offline classroom availability. In addition, the quality of public schools is generally lower than private schools. Second, our estimation results show that only online-classroom related search intensity that increased significantly after school closures on 16 March 2020, not in self-learning related search intensity. Further the analysis shows that socio-economic disparity within provinces widens the gap in online learning engagement, albeit with weak evidence from per capita expenditure. Interestingly, provinces with a higher inequality and rural population tend to have higher self-learning related search intensity due to students' necessity to compensate for low learning quality from schools. In addition, technology adoption does not seem to give much of an increase to online-classroom related search intensity but contributes to lower self-learning related search intensity due to increased academic distraction. Our study provides evidence for the Indonesian government to make more precise policy in improving learning quality during the pandemic.

The purpose of this survey study was to investigate the actual conditions of chronic-phase rehabilitation and related healthcare services in Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries, investigate dietary and nutrition management, and verify the educational effect on human resources involved in rehabilitation and nutrition management. The survey was carried out by the Kitahara Group with sponsorship from the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia. To complete this report, we received the understanding and cooperation of various facilities and many different people.

This issue looks at the multidimensional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in eight cities across Asia. It draws on research conducted between October 2020 and April 2021, in partnership with Kore Global, that focused on the perspectives and experiences of those who receive the fewest benefits of urbanization due to a range of intersecting marginalized identities and experiences, such as their gender, ethnic identity, low remuneration levels, and insecure employment status. We explore the drivers of current inequalities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, which will likely contribute to future and more rapidly growing inequalities. We hope to encourage government officials and development practitioners to look beyond reductive economic indicators and apply a multi-dimensional lens to better recognize and address the pandemic's impacts on human and financial capital and capacity, now and in the future.

Die Geschichte der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit sowie die Geschichte der Sonderpädagogik und der Sprachpädagogik/-therapie zeigen einen Wandel in der Zusammenarbeit mit Menschen aus dem globalen Süden als auch mit Menschen mit Behinderung. Die Bedeutung von relationalen Emotionen hat in diesen Kontexten dabei bisher nur wenig Berücksichtigung gefunden. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die Geschichte der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit sowie die Geschichte der Sonderpädagogik und der Sprachpädagogik/-therapie in Hinblick auf Gemeinsamkeiten im Wandel der Zusammenarbeit mit Menschen, die als "anders" und "fremd" wahrgenommen werden. Ziel hierbei ist es die Relationale Theorie, die im Kontext von Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Bereich der Sprachpädagogik/-therapie ihren Ursprung hat (Lüdtke 2006), auf die Interaktion zwischen Kooperationspartnern in einem interkulturellen Setting zu beziehen und den Ansatz der Relationalen Interkulturellen Zusammenarbeit (RIZ) vorzustellen. Hierfür werden fünf Entwicklungstheorien aus der Geschichte der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit mit der Geschichte der Sonderpädagogik sowie mit Paradigmen der Sprachpädagogik/-therapie verwoben. Ausgehend davon und ergänzt mit eigenen Erfahrungen aus einem bi-nationalen Forschungsprojekt in Tansania wird in den Ansatz der RIZ übergeleitet.Der Beitrag verdeutlicht die Bedeutung von relationalen Emotionen in der interkulturellen Zusammenarbeit. Die interkulturelle Begegnung verändert stets beide Partner. Abschließende Implikationen für den Entwurf eines Praxiskonzepts zur RIZ untermauern diesen Aspekt.

In France, the French Disabled Workers Act set up a legal quota of disabled workers in more than 20 employees companies. In order to encourage employers to better promote the employment of disabled people, this law decreed financial penalties for noncompliance.The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of this law on the employment of disabled people. We use a triple difference approach combined with dynamic exact matching and weighting methods in order to disentangle the pure effect of the legislation by controlling for both observable and unobservable correlated heterogeneities. Using a panel data set built from the "Santé et itinéraire professionnel" (lit. "Health and Labour Market Histories") survey conducted in France in 2006-2007, we investigate whether disabilities have a significant impact on people's employment, by distinguishing between the public and private sectors. We compare the labour trajectories of disabled people befor and after the implementation of the law (1968-1986 vs 1988-2006). Our findings highlight a negative impact of the Disabled Workers Act on the employment of disabled people. Byenabling firms to abide by the legal employment obligation without hiring any disabled workers, this measure has probably had a counterproductive impact on the employment of disabled people. Nevertheless, this negative effect is restricted to the private sector; we find that the public sector shelters the disabled workers.

In France, the French Disabled Workers Act set up a legal quota of disabled workers in more than 20 employees companies. In order to encourage employers to better promote the employment of disabled people, this law decreed financial penalties for noncompliance.The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of this law on the employment of disabled people. We use a triple difference approach combined with dynamic exact matching and weighting methods in order to disentangle the pure effect of the legislation by controlling for both observable and unobservable correlated heterogeneities. Using a panel data set built from the "Santé et itinéraire professionnel" (lit. "Health and Labour Market Histories") survey conducted in France in 2006-2007, we investigate whether disabilities have a significant impact on people's employment, by distinguishing between the public and private sectors. We compare the labour trajectories of disabled people befor and after the implementation of the law (1968-1986 vs 1988-2006). Our findings highlight a negative impact of the Disabled Workers Act on the employment of disabled people. Byenabling firms to abide by the legal employment obligation without hiring any disabled workers, this measure has probably had a counterproductive impact on the employment of disabled people. Nevertheless, this negative effect is restricted to the private sector; we find that the public sector shelters the disabled workers.

In France, the French Disabled Workers Act set up a legal quota of disabled workers in more than 20 employees companies. In order to encourage employers to better promote the employment of disabled people, this law decreed financial penalties for noncompliance.The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of this law on the employment of disabled people. We use a triple difference approach combined with dynamic exact matching and weighting methods in order to disentangle the pure effect of the legislation by controlling for both observable and unobservable correlated heterogeneities. Using a panel data set built from the "Santé et itinéraire professionnel" (lit. "Health and Labour Market Histories") survey conducted in France in 2006-2007, we investigate whether disabilities have a significant impact on people's employment, by distinguishing between the public and private sectors. We compare the labour trajectories of disabled people befor and after the implementation of the law (1968-1986 vs 1988-2006). Our findings highlight a negative impact of the Disabled Workers Act on the employment of disabled people. Byenabling firms to abide by the legal employment obligation without hiring any disabled workers, this measure has probably had a counterproductive impact on the employment of disabled people. Nevertheless, this negative effect is restricted to the private sector; we find that the public sector shelters the disabled workers.

In France, the French Disabled Workers Act set up a legal quota of disabled workers in more than 20 employees companies. In order to encourage employers to better promote the employment of disabled people, this law decreed financial penalties for noncompliance.The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of this law on the employment of disabled people. We use a triple difference approach combined with dynamic exact matching and weighting methods in order to disentangle the pure effect of the legislation by controlling for both observable and unobservable correlated heterogeneities. Using a panel data set built from the "Santé et itinéraire professionnel" (lit. "Health and Labour Market Histories") survey conducted in France in 2006-2007, we investigate whether disabilities have a significant impact on people's employment, by distinguishing between the public and private sectors. We compare the labour trajectories of disabled people befor and after the implementation of the law (1968-1986 vs 1988-2006). Our findings highlight a negative impact of the Disabled Workers Act on the employment of disabled people. Byenabling firms to abide by the legal employment obligation without hiring any disabled workers, this measure has probably had a counterproductive impact on the employment of disabled people. Nevertheless, this negative effect is restricted to the private sector; we find that the public sector shelters the disabled workers.

In France, the French Disabled Workers Act set up a legal quota of disabled workers in more than 20 employees companies. In order to encourage employers to better promote the employment of disabled people, this law decreed financial penalties for noncompliance.The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of this law on the employment of disabled people. We use a triple difference approach combined with dynamic exact matching and weighting methods in order to disentangle the pure effect of the legislation by controlling for both observable and unobservable correlated heterogeneities. Using a panel data set built from the "Santé et itinéraire professionnel" (lit. "Health and Labour Market Histories") survey conducted in France in 2006-2007, we investigate whether disabilities have a significant impact on people's employment, by distinguishing between the public and private sectors. We compare the labour trajectories of disabled people befor and after the implementation of the law (1968-1986 vs 1988-2006). Our findings highlight a negative impact of the Disabled Workers Act on the employment of disabled people. Byenabling firms to abide by the legal employment obligation without hiring any disabled workers, this measure has probably had a counterproductive impact on the employment of disabled people. Nevertheless, this negative effect is restricted to the private sector; we find that the public sector shelters the disabled workers.

AusAID (Australian Government) ; These briefs provide statistics on 39 socio-economic indicators encompassing several dimensions of wellbeing, including poverty and inequality, food security, labor market outcomes, sectoral distribution of employment, gender, education, health, and access to services and infrastructure. This compendium of key indicators aims to serve three main purposes. First, it provides a snap-shot of the development performance of each province and benchmarks it to that of other provinces and of nation as whole. This comparative perspective is provided with a view to assist policy makers and other development actors in their efforts to improve development effectiveness, particularly by providing evidence to prioritize and better target interventions at the provincial level. Second, by unbundling variations in development outcomes at the sub-national level, these provincial briefs complement and enrich the aggregate description of well being presented in the poverty status report. Third, these indicators are expected to provide provincial baselines to be updated by future rounds of the National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (NRVA), in addition to serving as a reference for measures obtained from other data sources.

"Die Ausbildungs- und Berufsbiographien von Jugendlichen, die eine Lernbehindertenschule besucht haben, geben Aufschluss über gegenwärtige Marginalisierungsprozesse in Bildungssystem und Arbeitsmarkt: Durch den Anstieg des allgemeinen Bildungsniveaus (in Schulbildung und beruflicher Ausbildung) haben sich die Schwierigkeiten von Sonder- und Hauptschulabgänger/innen, in der Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsmarktkonkurrenz zu bestehen, erheblich verschärft. Die Bildungs'karrieren' dieser Jugendlichen zeigen allerdings auch, welche Kompetenzen marginalisierte jungen Erwachsenen im Ringen um eine Identität - im Sinne eines erfolgreichen Stigma-Managements - entfalten können. Im Beitrag sollen Ergebnisse aus einer Studie zur beruflichen Orientierung und biographischen Identitätsbildung von Absolvent/innenvon Lernbehindertenschulen vorgestellt werden. Dabei wurden im Vergleich erfolgreiche, d.h. in Ausbildung befindliche Sonderschüler/innen untersucht, weil sich diese Gruppe an dem Integrationsversprechen der 'Normalbiographie' abarbeitet. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass diese Jugendlichen zwar prinzipiell den Wunsch äußern, eine berufliche Ausbildung zu absolvieren, dann aber praktisch aufgrund einer Antizipation ihrer Chancenlosigkeit zur Selbstselektion, d.h. zum Selbstausschluss qua Passivität neigen. Anhand von Fallstudien ist die Autorin der Frage nachgegangen, welche Prozessdynamik diese Rückzugshaltung zustande kommen lässt. Die Jugendlichen orientieren sich an der Ingroup der Sonderschüler/innen und werten die 'Normalen' entweder auf oder ab. Diese Wertungen können als mehr oder weniger erfolgreicher Bestandteil des Stigma-Managements gelten und führen im Fall der untersuchten Jugendlichen zu einer Rückzugshaltung, die geschlechtstypisch defensiv oder offensiv geprägt ist. Neben geschlechtstypisch differierenden Bewältigungsmustern zeigt sich auch die ethnische Herkunft als bedeutsamer Kontext für das Stigma-Management. Im Vortrag werden Ergebnisse einer standardisierten Befragung (Lebensverlaufsdaten) vorgestellt, die auf Selbstselektionsmechanismen von Absolvent/innen von Lernbehindertenschulen im Übergang von der Schule in den Beruf verweisen. Anhand einer fallorientierten Darstellung wird die Art der beruflichen Orientierung der Jugendlichen beschrieben und in ein Verhältnis zur Identitätsbildung und zum Stigma-Management der Jugendlichen gesetzt. Die Analyse des Gelingens der beruflichen Orientierungen stellt dabei den Ausgangspunkt für weiterführende Überlegungen dar: wie sozial benachteiligte Jugendliche den gesteigerten gesellschaftlichen Anforderungen auf selbstorganisatorische Fähigkeiten nachkommen und ob ihnen langfristig eine berufliche Teilhabe gelingen kann." (Autorenreferat)

Section 1: Introduction1. Introduction: Transdisciplinary feminist research and methodological praxisJasmine B. Ulmer, Christina Hughes, Michelle Salazar Pérez, and Carol A. Taylor2. Feminist Transdisciplinarity: Multiple Configurations and RelationalitiesJasmine B. Ulmer3. Interlude: LimitlessPaty Abril-Gonzalez4. Interlude: Micro Political Rhythms of Affective LandscapesGabrielle IvinsonSection 2: Methodological Mobilities5. Section introduction: Methodological Mobilities Christina Hughes6. Decolonizing Feminist Theories and Mapping Surging Feminist KnowledgesMaria Tamboukou7. Doing Transdisciplinary Feminist Research: Being in Relation through Seductive Embodied Writing: Crafting Rhythm, There-ness and Answerability Joanne Yoo8. Trans*disciplinary Dartaphacts: UnboXing Relationships and Sexuality Education with the Visual ArtsEJ Renold, Heloise Godfrey-Talbot, and Victoria Timperley9. A Transdisciplinary Feminist Life: The Companion Texts of a Scholarly Ensemble of Life Susan Nordstrom 10. Feminist Diagrams and Transdisciplinarity: An Interview with Sam McBeanSam McBean and Christina Hughes11. Resounding Feminisms: Critical Tools for Qualitative Transdisciplinary Research Walter S. Gershon 12. Transdisciplinary Feminist Practices and the Puzzles of Placebo Ada S. Jaarsma, Derek Phung, and Suze G. Berkhout13. Interlude: A Poetics of Sport FeminismSimone FullagarSection 3: Disciplinary Disruptions14. Section Introduction: Disciplinary DisruptionsMichelle Salazar Pérez 15. Disrupting Whiteness in the Archive: The Innovative Practice of Recovering African American Women's "Hidden" ResistanceDanielle Phillips-Cunningham16. Wild theory: From Transdisciplinary Concepts to Undisciplined FuturesCarolina A. Díaz 17. Re-imagining Interdisciplinarity as a Trans-disciplinary BecomingAurora Perego and C. L. Quinan18. The Dinner Party: Feminist Transdisciplinary Research and Critical Cultural Food Studies Christina M. Ceisel19. 'Flourishing against the Normative': Exploring the Potential for Feminist Transdisciplinary Research within Sport StudiesBelinda Wheaton, Louise Mansfield, Jayne Caudwell, and Beccy Watson20. Developing A 'Queer' Perspective on Researcher Assessment in Academia: A Social Media Approach to Transdisciplinary Knowledge ExchangeKarin Hannes21. Crafting Ethics out of ConfinementRachel Wilder and Shona McIntosh22. Interlude: A phEmaterialist assemblage: What else can a paper title do?EJ RenoldSection 4: Mentoring and Collaboration23. Section Introduction: Mentoring and CollaborationCarol A. Taylor 24. Everyday Love Work in Progress across Embodied DifferencesJeong-eun Rhee, Mary Pigliacelli, Nilda Nelson, Faithlynn Morris, Cheryl Halliburton, and Carolyn Grimstead25. Disability-philosophy-art: Transdisciplinary Encounters between Student and PhD SupervisorHanne Vandenbussche and Elisabeth De Schauwer26. Stringing and Storying: A Post-personal Feminist Meandering on Finding your Place-space in the AcademyNikki Fairchild 27. Being OverwhelmedAsilia Franklin-Phipps28. Not Mine, Not Yours, but Ours: Collaborative Writing Simultaneously Together-apartJoy Cranham, Sally Hewlett, Carol A. Taylor, Hannah Hogarth, Elisabeth Barratt Hacking, Eliane Bastos, and Karen Barr29. Connectedness and Communal Thinking in a Virtual Borderland: Flourishing against the NormativeKatherine Wimpenny, Lynette Jacobs, Alessandra Viviani, Awatif Boudihaj, Barbara Howard, Deborah Lock, Isabella du Preez, Karen Ferreira-Meyer, Kyria Finardi, Meriem Sahli, Mousumi Mukherjee, Saida Affouneh, Sheila Tshegofatso Sefhedi, and Zettie Venter30. The Overwhelm: Fragments, Affect, and FailureJessica Van Cleave31. Caring Capaciously, Promiscuously: Transdisciplinary Feminist Mentoring in the AcademyJennifer R. Wolgemuth, Kelly W. Guyotte, Rachel K. Killam, and Carlson H. Coogler32. Emergent Methodologies: Generative Possibilities in Community-based ResearchKaitlin E. Popielarz and Jasmine B. Ulmer33. A Manifesto for Transdisciplinary (Transgressive) Feminist Praxis in the AcademyMahdis Azarmandi and Sara Tolbert34. Transdisciplinary Qualitative Research and Gender Issues in Pandemic Times: Female Researchers' Experiences Pamela Zapata-Sepúlveda, Carmen Araneda-Guirriman, Constanza López-López, and Magdalena Suárez-Ortega 35. Interlude: Corona Diaries (Extract)Susan Gannon Section 5: Creative Interventions36. Section Introduction: Creative InterventionsJasmine B. Ulmer37. Insights on Feminist Transdisciplinarity and Dr. Fikile Nxumalo's 'Decolonizing Place in Early Childhood Education'Fikile Nxumalo, Michelle Salazar Pérez, Anto Barces, Jennifer Castillo, Molly Doherty, Zutella Holmes, Jeonghye Nah, and Iana Phillips38. The Border arte we are "Writing": Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Literacy and Discipline Connections through Translanguaging and Transdisciplinary FeminismPaty Abril-Gonzalez39. Double Writing in Feminist Public - and Community - Engaged Research: A Dialogue and a ReflectionPengfei Zhao and Meagan Call-Cummings40. Creatively Attending to Unfinished Business, Everyday Sexisms, COVID-19, and Higher Education: The #FEAS Fake JournalMindy Blaise, Emily Gray, and Jo Pollitt, Renae Acton, Shanee Barraclough, Linnea Bodén, Fin Cullen, Karien Dekker, Hedvig Gröndal, Interdisciplinary SoTL CoOP, Sharlene Leroy-Dyer, Peta Murray, Susan Nordstrom, Lina Rahm, Elin Sundström Sjödin, and Raewyn Tudor41. There's a Unicorn on the Kitchen Table: A Performative Post-qualitative Feminist Inquiry Marguerite Müller42. Transdisciplinary Feminist Community as Learning to be with Margins in Response to the PainPolina Golovátina-Mora, Rose Martin, Sunniva Hovde, Tone Pernille Østern, and Victoria Husby43. The Story of being Square (In/Out of Academia): A Transdisciplinary Feminist Creative MethodAnna CohenMiller44. Interlude: Una buena hijaCecilia Valenzuela

Chapter 1. Break the Cycle of Children's Environmental Health Disparities: 14th Annual Review of Program and Student Projects (I. Leslie Rubin, MD, Robert J. Geller, MD, Claire D. Coles, PhD, Victoria Green, MD, Abby Mutic, PhD, Nathan Mutic, Wayne Garfinkel, Benjamin A. Gitterman, MD, and Joav Merrick, MD, DMSc, Department of Pediatrics, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, US, and others) -- Section One: A Commentary -- Chapter 2. Natural Disasters and Vulnerable Populations: A Commentary (I. Leslie Rubin, MD, Robert J. Geller, MD, Claire D. Coles, PhD, Victoria Green, MD, Abby Mutic, PhD, Nathan Mutic, Wayne Garfinkel, Benjamin A. Gitterman, MD, and Joav Merrick, MD, DMSc, Department of Pediatrics, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, US, and others) -- Section Two: Break the Cycle Projects -- Chapter 3. Barriers and Opportunities for Young Caregivers to Provide Nurturing Care in Low-Income Communities of Paraguay (Jimena Vallejos, Cassie Landers, EdD, and Renata Schiavo, PhD, Columbia University School of International and Public Affair, New York, US, and others) -- Chapter 4. The Development of a Prenatal Care Health Literacy Instrument for American Indian Mothers (Jordyn A. Gunville, and Jessica Williams, PhD, Center for American Indian Community Health, Kansas City, Kansas, US, and others) -- Chapter 5. Breaking the Cycle of Childhood Adversity through Pediatric Primary Care Screening and Interventions: A Pilot Study (Cristian Quizhpi, MD, Karen Schetzina, MD, Gayatri Jaishankar, MD, Robert Matthew Tolliver, PhD, Deborah Thibeault, Hakyong Gloria Kwak, Olushola Fapo, MD, Jennifer Gibson, MD, Katie Duvall and David Wood, MD, Department of Pediatrics, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, US, and others) -- Chapter 6. Educating Clinic Support Staff to Enhance Early Learning Environments through Pediatric Well-Child Visits (Cori Walker, Asher Liu, Snigdha Gupta, Fuad Baroody, MD, andDana Suskind, MD, TMW Center for Early Learning and Public Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, US) -- Chapter 7. Contextualizing the Social and Structural Constraints of Accessing Autism Services among Single Black Female Caregivers (Alice Hong and Jennifer S. Singh, MPH, PhD, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of History and Sociology, Atlanta, Georgia, US) -- Chapter 8. Engaging Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to Identify Rural Health Disparities and Factors Related to Delayed Diagnosis and Treatment (Amy A. Blumling, Susan Brasher, PhD, and Jennifer Stapel-Wax, PsyD, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, US, and others) -- Chapter 9. Evaluation of Health Literacy in Childhood-Onset -- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients and Its Effect on Healthcare Utilization (Catherine Park, MD, Traci Leong, PhD, Alexandria Wilkerson, -- Christy Kang, Margret Kamel, PhD, Kelly Rouster-Stevens, MD, and Roshan George, MD, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, US, and others) -- Chapter 10. Did Medicaid Expansion Decrease Disparities for Receipt of Preventive Medical Care among Vulnerable Children? (Patricia Daniel, PhD, Audrey Leroux, PhD, and Brian Barger, Center for Leadership in Disability, Georgia State University and Department of Educational Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, US, and others) -- Chapter 11. Self-Perceived Neighborhood Quality and Children's Depression Symptoms in a Gentrifying Northern Manhattan (Teresa Durham, Amy Margolis, PhD, David Pagliaccio, PhD, Wanda Garcia, Kylie Wheelock Riley, Jia Guo, Shuang Wang, PhD, Bradley S. Peterson, MD, Virginia Rauh, ScD, and Julie B. Herbstman, PhD, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, US, and others) -- Chapter 12. Water Infrastructure and Childhood Blood Lead Levels: Characterizing the Effects of Exclusion from Municipal Services in Wake County (NC, USA) (Allison C. Clonch, Michael Fisher, PhD, and Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson, PhD, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, -- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, US, and -- others) -- Chapter 13. The Impact of Childhood Exercise and Household Income on Resilience in College Students (Leah Postilnik, and Maeve Howett, PhD, College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, US, and others) -- Section Three: Acknowledgements -- Chapter 14. About the Editors -- Chapter 15. About Break the Cycle of Health Disparities, Inc. -- Chapter 16. About the Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty -- Unit (PEHSU) -- Chapter 17. About the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Israel -- Section four: Index.

Louisiana State University System President William
Tate IV, on the eve of a change in gubernatorial administrations to one which
he doesn't see eye-to-eye, is saying the right things. Still, he needs to put
his money where his mouth is on others.

With the cocoon in which higher education exists catching
out some prominent university leaders recently over their schools'
reactions to anti-Semitic activities, Tate has avoided any such problems with a
very sensible attitude that should
be made official policy at all Louisiana public institutions: the Kalven
Principle of university neutrality regarding public issues. Recently,
he spoke to his faculty members at the Louisiana State University campus about
how he'll not comment on political controversies but then try to defend faculty
and student commentary.

It shows he's come a long way from almost
three decades ago when his academic publications complained about how math education,
an allegedly white-created/"Eurocentric" pedagogical environment, stultified and
misjudged black children's learning, as well as missed opportunities to become
an agent of social change. With a woke worldview dimly looked upon by incoming governor
Republican Atty. Gen. Jeff Landry, in his over two years leading the system Tate
hasn't publicly articulated an opinion for any agenda related to his past
published views or any others, including his silence
over a measure that failed this year in the Legislature for a report about "diversity,
equity, and inclusion" efforts in state higher education criticized by two
other system heads.

But Tate's defense of free expression and inquiry
is in part only lip service because of LSU's uneven record in fulfilling that,
even today. That's the conclusion gleaned from the leading interest group defending
free expression in academia, the Foundation
for Individual Rights and Expression. Annually it evaluates and ranks
larger institutions for their adherence to principles maximizing constitutional
free expression, derived by media reports, active litigation, and student surveys.

The 2024
report gives LSU a dismal below average score putting it 140th,
worse than more than half of the field. There are bright spots, ranking 29th
for speaker tolerance and credits Tate's administration by ranking it 27th
for student perception of administrator support of free speech. But students
also rank the school lowly on their comfort in expressing views in class, in
assignments, and to other students and faculty members, at 238th, and
even lower at 240th for perceptions about their ability to discuss
controversial matters on campus.

Yet perhaps the most disappointing are several expression
policies that, depending upon application, violate constitutional speech
protections, and one that is unambiguously facially unconstitutional. That one,
which deals with prohibitions against electronic dissemination of "material
that is defamatory, obscene, fraudulent, harassing (including uninvited amorous
or sexual messages), threatening, incites violence, or contains slurs,
epithets, or anything that may be reasonably construed as harassment or
disparagement based on race, color, national origin, sex, sexual orientation,
age, disability, or religion or to access, send, receive, or solicit sexually
oriented messages or images or any other communication prohibited by law or
other University directive," sequesters LSU along with a minority of other
public institutions with such restrictive speech codes.

This actually marks an improvement for LSU, which three
years ago ranked second-from-last among the largest and most prominent
institutions with largely the same strengths and weaknesses. And, FIRE
lauds LSU for the system adopting a measure relating to the Kalven Principle,
the Chicago
Statement of Free Speech (something the Legislature required all systems to
do in principle five years ago) that emphasizes robust freedom of expression
standards at institutions of higher learning, although aspects of its speech code
that intertwines among university and system policy statements and permanent
memoranda certainly contradicts that.

With Landry as governor and not keen about
politicization within academia and especially infused into instruction, Tate
and other system leaders will have to toe the line as the new governor
gradually through his appointment powers reshapes the various governing boards,
as well as the Board of Regents. He, and they, can start by making constitutional
the expression policies of the schools in their systems consistent with the Chicago Statement – among state schools with at least 10,000 students enrolled
only McNeese State receives an all-clear grade from FIRE – as part of a broader
effort to ensure robust discussion takes place without institutions favoring certain
viewpoints that subverts their academic missions by replacing that with indoctrination.

This study explores Muslim masculinities in Bangladesh and their positioning towards women's economic empowerment (WEE), with a particular focus on employment in low-income communities. The research is framed by a specific context of increasing women's labour participation – a shared objective of the current Government of Bangladesh and the local and international development community. The study introduces a masculinity continuum containing three masculinity markers – Antagonists, Allies and Advocates – to facilitate the exploration and understanding of differences in men's views, attitudes and practices with respect to WEE. Mixed methods, including focus groups, peer-to-peer survey, life-history narrations, gender analysis, interviews, Delphi method and observation, were used to analyse the linkages between WEE and masculinities in the selected context. The study found that WEE was a multidimensional phenomenon in low-income communities. However, Antagonist and Ally men overlooked psychological and social benefits of economic inclusion for women. In addition, the indigenous perceptions of WEE, particularly by men, mainly focused on the fulfilment of practical needs and overlooked structural inequalities that perpetuate women's inequalities. Low-income women largely desired progressive masculinities embodied by Advocate men that could facilitate WEE. While resisting changes undermining men's patriarchal control over women, Antagonist and Ally men supported women's access to decent employment under certain conditions. In addition, although Ally men, who appeared to represent the majority of men, were reluctant to give up their patriarchal privilege in the privacy of their household, they supported women's increased roles in public domains. Advocate men demonstrated some residual patriarchal attitudes and practices, but these were marginal in their masculinities. Moreover, working on women's equality with men was a source of optimism and joy for Advocates. Lack of women's safety was amongst the main obstacles highlighted to restrict women's mobility and access to employment outside their communities, although in the discourse by Antagonist and Ally men, women's increased mobility and new opportunities were strongly correlated with their fear of a working independent woman. This fueled the attempts to retraditionalise women, who had accessed new roles in society. Antagonist and, to some extent, Ally men demonstrated a high prevalence of gender stereotypes about women's and men's roles based on biological essentialism and conservative cultural/Islamic norms. This included primary breadwinner as a persistent mainstream masculinity norm. On the other hand, Advocates, and to some extent Ally men, were engaged in more emotionally rewarding relationships with their wives and children, than men with Antagonist masculinities. Husbands and fathers with Advocate masculinities demonstrated a higher involvement in household and care work, rewarded by their spouses. The Islamic faith was not found to be a conclusive factor in driving or resisting patriarchal masculinities, although less religious men appeared more progressive with respect to WEE. Disability was linked with heightened emasculation caused by the erosion of the male primary breadwinner role, but this appeared to be the case only when other salient factors were at play. An emasculated disabled husband was a factor in a higher risk of violence against low-income women working outside their communities. Whereas Antagonists appeared to constitute a substantial part of society, the dominance of Ally masculinities creates a unique opportunity to engage with men on transformative WEE. The research contributes to the formulation of a men's empowerment framework, which can assist development actors in increasing men's support to women's equal economic rights in Bangladesh and potentially elsewhere. The current Government policies, which are largely supportive of women's economic inclusion, contribute to an enabling environment for such efforts. Two specific approaches can support mobilisation of Antagonist and Ally men: marital togetherness and the concept of peaceful household (hooks, 1984, 1998; Ahmed, 2008, 2014) and the egalitarian gender relations within Islam (Kabasacal Arat and Hasan, 2017; Musawah, 2018; Nazneen, 2018), supported by partnerships with those religious authorities that share common interests with development actors, such as fighting violence against women and girls. Ultimately, the study challenges the narrative of oppressive Muslim men, who resist normalisation of Bangladeshi women in the economy. It validates the existence of diversity of masculinities and their embodiments in studied practice, while including men in women's struggle for equality and social progress. The study concludes that non-static and nuanced understanding of masculinities can encourage useful empowerment strategies in development practice that can result in the improvement of lives of many women and men.